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  • Springer  (102)
  • 1995-1999  (102)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Corrosion inhibition of steel by thiourea and cations under incomplete cathodic protection in a 3.5% NaCl solution and seawater (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 911-918 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: cathodic protection ; cations ; inhibition ; NaCl solution ; seawater ; thiourea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract This study investigates corrosion inhibition of steel using thiourea and cations such as aluminium, calcium and magnesium under cathodic control in a 3.5% NaCl solution and in seawater. Steel protection in a 3.5% NaCl solution is normally incomplete under a cathodic potential less electronegative than −1.100 V. However, the protection can be enhanced by nearly 50% by adding either 50 ppm aluminium ion or 75 ppm thiourea in solution, and by almost 90% by the combined use of these additions. This study also analyzes how combining inhibitors and cathodic control may be used to protect steel. Moreover, this investigation monitors pH in the solution, measures zero-resistance current between the graphite-steel couple, as well as analyses cathode reaction products. A mechanism is also proposed to interpret the combined effects of inhibitors and cathodic control on the protection of steel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003533800038
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Partial oxidation of methane to syngas over Ni/MgO, Ni/CaO and Ni/CeO2 (1998)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 51 (1998), S. 169-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: partial oxidation of methane (POM) ; syngas ; nickel catalyst ; carbon deposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Partial oxidation of methane to syngas at atmospheric pressure and 750°C was examined over Ni/MgO, Ni/CaO and Ni/CeO2 catalysts with nickel loading of 13 wt%. All catalysts had similar high conversion of methane and high selectivity to syngas, which nearly approached the values predicted by thermodynamic equilibrium. However, only Ni/MgO showed high resistance to carbon deposition under thermodynamically severe conditions (CH4/O2 = 2.5, a higher CH4 to O2 ratio than the stoichiometric ratio). Its catalytic activity remained stable during 100 h of reaction, with no detectable carbon deposition. The oxidation of carbon deposited from pure CH4 decomposition and from pure CO disproportionation was investigated by in situ TPO-MS study which showed that both were effectively inhibited over Ni/MgO. In addition, the catalysts were characterized by TPR, XRD and XPS. It was revealed that the excellent performance of Ni/MgO resulted from the formation of an ideal solid solution between NiO and MgO.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019034412036
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dicarbonylation and hydrodimerization of unsaturated hydrocarbons via heterogeneous palladium catalysis (1996)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 37 (1996), S. 199-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: dicarbonylation of hydrocarbons ; hydrodimerization of hydrocarbons ; palladium-catalyzed dicarbonylation ; palladium-catalyzedhydrodimerization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Graphite and polymer-supported palladium catalysts, coupled with copper/lithium cocatalysts, have been found very effective for the oxidative carbonylation of unsaturated hydrocarbons. Hex-3-ene-1,6-dioate has been generated in 85% selectivity from 1,3-butadiene,α-olefins yield dimethyl succinate derivatives. Butadiene hydrodimerization via analogous platinum catalysis selectively provides 1,6-octadiene, or 2,7-octadienyl formate. Mechanisms for the product selectivity are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00807754
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of frequency on the fatigue behavior of [±45]4s laminate of carbon fiber reinforced polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composites under tension-tension loading (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of polymer research 2 (1995), S. 171-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Keywords: Fatigue behavior ; AS-4/PEEK ; Composites ; Weibull distribution function ; Tension-tension ; Surface temperature change
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Fatigue behavior of carbon fiber reinforced poly etheretherketone (PEEK) laminated composite was investigated. The [±45]4s AS-4/PEEK laminated composites under static tensile measurement at various test temperatures were conducted. Three tension-tension fatigue loading frequencies, 1 Hz, 5 Hz and 10 Hz, were selected to study the effect of frequency on the fatigue behavior of [±45]4s AS-4/PEEK laminate. The survival probability of experimental fatigue life data under different stress amplitude tests were estimated and analyzed by the median rank order-statistic cumulative-distribution function and the Weibull distribution function. The S-N curves at different fatigue loading frequencies exhibited a trend of two-segment straight line curves. The increase in surface temperature of specimens was found and the thermal stress history was also investigated by thermo-image techniques during fatigue life testing. The fatigue failure mechanism was investigated by X-ray radiography.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01494253
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis, characterization and electrostatic dissipating ability of poly(oxyethylene) block polyesteramides (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of polymer research 6 (1999), S. 243-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Keywords: Polyether-ester-amides ; Poly(oxyethylene) ; Hydrophilicity ; Electrostatic dissipating
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Poly(oxyethylene)diamines were included in the copolymerization of ethylene glycol and dicarboxylic acids, such as terephthalic, adipic and sebacic acid, to produce a series of hydrophilic polyether-ester-amides. With the addition of poly(oxyethylene)diamines (average molecular weight of 2,000) to PET in the amounts of 3.2, 6.6, 12 and 16 wt%, melting points of these polymers dropped accordingly, from 240 °C to around 227 °C, and the electronic resistivity decreased from 1×1013 to approximately 8×108 ohm/sq. For comparison, the introduction of hydrophilic PEG-2000 or a low molecular weight diamine, such as triethyleneglycol diamine, has less effect on electronic resistivity. Molecular weight, polymer rigidity and ageing are other factors affecting the surface resistivity. The degree of hydrophilicity was measured by the moisture absorption of the fibers made from these polyether-ester-amides. A weight gain of 0.96% was observed for 12 wt% poly(oxyethylene)diamine modified polyether-ester-amides in comparison with 0.40% for the unmodified polyethylene terephthalate). These results are explained by a mechanism involving moisture absorption on the polymer surface through the formation of hydrogen bonding with amide and-(OCH2CH2)-functionalities on the polymer surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10965-006-0094-z
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A small-angle X-ray scattering study of microphase separation transition of polyurethanes: Effect of hard segments (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of polymer research 2 (1995), S. 63-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Keywords: SAXS ; MST ; Correlation function ; ODT ; Polyurethane ; Block copolymer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Three segmented polyurethane block copolymers PU-M, PU-X and PU-T containing different diisocynates, diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (MDI), xylene diisocyanate (XDI) and 2,4-toluene diisocyanate (TDI) respectively with the same chain extender 1,4-butanediol (BD) and soft segment polyester-diol were investigated by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Microphase separation transition (MST) occurred due to the thermodynamic incompatibility between the soft and hard segments. The long domain spacing, interfacial thickness (or transition layer thickness), core zone, and lamellar thickness were determined for these three different polyurethanes from one dimension correlation function after the Fourier transformation of small-angle X-ray scattered intensity curve based on the Strobl and Schneider model. The structural parameters for these three polyurethanes determined from the scattering measurements indicate that the degrees of microphase separation are in the following sequence: PU-M 〉 PU-X 〉 PU-T.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01493435
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The mechanical-viscoelastic model and WLF relationship in shape memorized linear ether-type polyurethanes (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of polymer research 6 (1999), S. 35-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Keywords: Segmented polyurethanes ; Shape memory behavior ; Maxwell model ; Relaxation ; WLF equation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A modified mechanical-viscoelastic model with two Maxwell models in parallel is proposed to describe the shape memory behavior of segmented polyurethanes (PUs). Based on the view of viscoelasticity, the influence of the fixed phase (hard segment) and the reversible phase (soft segment) on the shape memory effect is studied. The WLF equation is adopted to describe the relationship between the viscosity of the reversible phase and the temperature by using the selected reference temperature and the adjustable parameters. The parameters of the WLF equation are dependent on the M.W. of the soft segment of PUs. Finally, the model could properly describe the mechanism of shape memory behavior of segmented PUs. Moreover, the change of the recoverable curve of the deformed model is similar to that of experimental datapoints.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10965-006-0069-0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simple, sensitive, non-stimulated photon counting system for detection of superoxide anion in whole blood (1996)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 52 (1996), S. 141-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Keywords: Superoxide ; free radical ; reactive oxygen species ; chemiluminescence ; pancreatitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A simple, sensitive, non-stimulated assay was developed to measure the superoxide anion concentration in whole blood, using an ultra-sensitive chemiluminescence (CL) analyzer, and lucignin amplification. The assay system can be performed without leukocyte isolation or stimulant administration. The blood CL levels of healthy males (362.8±337.7 counts/10 sec) were not different from those of females (335±308.7 counts/10 sec) (p=0.64), whereas the CL levels in whole blood in patients with acute pancreatitis (2522±2014 counts/10 sec) were significantly higher than those of healthy controls (p〈0.001). This assay system may be valuable in the future for quantitative measurement of reactive oxygen species in various disorders.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01923359
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cobalt-catalyzed carbonylation of phenylacetaldehyde to N-acetyl-beta-phenylalanine (1997)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 45 (1997), S. 139-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract N-acetyl-beta-phenylalanine has been produced by the reaction of phenylacetaldehyde, acetamide and CO/H2 in the presence of cobalt carbonyl catalyst. N- acetyl-beta-phenylalanine yields of 72-82 mol% and cobalt recoveries of 98% had been achieved under the conditions of 2000 psi of 3 : 1 CO/H2 and 80°C in a batch process. The presence of a suitable ligand, 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, was essential for maintaining cobalt in homogeneous solution. The feasibility of using a continuous phase reactor with a dual feed stream system was demonstrated. N-acetyl-beta-phenylalanine is proposed to be the precursor to L-phenylalanine, the key intermediate for aspartame sweetener.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019042907241
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulse‐MS studies on CH4/CD4 isotope effect in the partial oxidation of methane to syngas over Pt/α‐Al2 3 (1998)
    Springer
    Catalysis letters 55 (1998), S. 83-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: pulse‐MS ; partial oxidation of methane ; deuterium isotope effect ; Pt/α‐Al2O3
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract By replacing CH4/+O2 with CD4+O2, the deuterium isotope effect in the partial oxidation of methane over Pt/α‐Al2O3 was studied in the temperature range of 550–650 °C using the pulse‐MS method. The effect of space velocity of carrier gas and CO2 reforming of CH4 to syngas were also investigated. No deuterium isotope effect was observed for CH4 conversion whereas CO formation showed a normal deuterium isotope effect. The surface reaction between adsorbed hydrocarbon species and adsorbed oxygen species to CO formation may be a relatively slow step. The results support the parallel mechanism, namely CO and CO2 are simultaneously formed in parallel from the direct oxidation of methane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019018509194
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