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  • Articles  (33)
  • Springer  (33)
  • 1995-1999  (33)
  • Medicine  (30)
  • Computer Science  (5)
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  • Articles  (33)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Decompositional Approach for Computing Least Fixed-Points of Datalog Programs with Z-Counters (1997)
    Springer
    Constraints 2 (1997), S. 305-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9354
    Keywords: decomposition ; linear arithmetic ; least fixed-point ; Petri nets ; reachability set
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract We present a method for characterizing the least fixed-points of a certain class of Datalog programs in Presburger arithmetic. The method consists in applying a set of rules that transform general computation paths into “canonical” ones. We use the method for treating the problem of reachability in the field of Petri nets, thus relating some unconnected results and extending them in several directions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009747629591
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Bible as a Parallel Corpus: Annotating the ‘Book of 2000 Tongues’ (1999)
    Springer
    Computers and the humanities 33 (1999), S. 129-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8412
    Keywords: Bible ; computational linguistics ; parallel corpora ; Corpus Encoding Standard ; translation lexicons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism
    Notes: Abstract We report on a project to annotate biblical texts in order to create an aligned multilingual Bible corpus for linguistic research, particularly computational linguistics, including automatically creating and evaluating translation lexicons and semantically tagged texts. The output of this project will enable researchers to take advantage of parallel translations across a wider number of languages than previously available, providing, with relatively little effort, a corpus that contains careful translations and reliable alignment at the near-sentence level. We discuss the nature of the text, our annotation process, preliminary and planned uses for the corpus, and relevant aspects of the Corpus Encoding Standard (CES) with respect to this corpus. We also present a quantitative comparison with dictionary and corpus resources for modern-day English, confirming the relevance of this corpus for research on present day language.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1001798929185
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multilingual generation: The role of telicity in lexical choice and syntactic realization (1996)
    Springer
    Machine translation 11 (1996), S. 37-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0573
    Keywords: syntax-semantics interface ; syntactic alternations ; semantic classes ; (a)telicity ; multilingual generation ; interlingua ; lexical conceptual structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Multilingual generation in machine translation (MT) requires a knowledge organization that facilitates the task of lexical choice, i.e. selection of lexical units to be used in the generation of a target-language sentence. This paper investigates the extent to which lexicalization patterns involving the lexical aspect feature [+telic] may be used for translating events and states among languages. Telicity has been correlated syntactically with both transitivity and unaccusativity, and semantically with Talmy's ‘path’ of a motion event, the representation of which characterizes languages parametrically. Taking as our starting point the syntactic/semantic classification in Levin's English Verb Classes and Alternations, we examine the relation between telicity and the syntactic contexts, or alternations, outlined in this work, identifying systematic relations between the lexical aspect features and the semantic components that potentiate these alternations. Representing lexical aspect — particularly telicity — is therefore crucial for the tasks of lexical choice and syntactic realization. Having enriched the data in Levin (by correlating the syntactic alternations (Part I) and semantic verb classes (Part II) and marking them for telicity) we assign to verbs lexical semantic templates (LSTs). We then demonstrate that it is possible from these templates to build a large-scale repository for lexical conceptual structures which encode meaning components that correspond to different values of the telicity feature. The LST framework preserves both semantic content and semantic structure (following Grimshaw during the processes of lexical choice and syntactic realization. Application of this model identifies precisely where the Knowledge Representation component may profitably augment our rules of composition, to identify cases where the interlingua underlying the source language sentence must be either reduced or modified in order to produce an appropriate target language sentence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349353
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hsp60-Induced Tolerance in the Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis Exposed to Multiple Environmental Contaminants (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 36 (1999), S. 281-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Hsp60 induction was selected as a sublethal endpoint of toxicity for Brachionus plicatilis exposed to a water accommodated fraction (WAF) of Prudhoe Bay crude oil (PBCO), a PBCO/dispersant (Corexit 9527®) fraction and Corexit 9527® alone. To examine the effect of multiple stressors, exposures modeled San Francisco Bay, where copper levels are approximately 5 μg/L, salinity is 22‰, significant oil transport and refining occurs, and petroleum releases have occurred historically. Rotifers were exposed to copper at 5 μg/L for 24 h, followed by one of the oil/dispersant preparations for 24 h. Batch-cultured rotifers were used in this study to model wild populations instead of cysts. SDS-PAGE with Western Blotting using hsp60-specific antibodies and chemiluminescent detection were used to isolate, identify, and measure induced hsp60 as a percentage of control values. Both PBCO/dispersant and dispersant alone preparations induced significant levels of hsp60. However, hsp60 expression was reduced to that of controls at high WAF concentrations, suggesting interference with protein synthesis. Rotifers that had been preexposed to copper maintained elevated levels of hsp60 upon treatment with WAF at all concentrations. Results suggest that induction of hsp60 by chronic low-level exposure may serve as a protective mechanism against subsequent or multiple stressors and that hsp60 levels are not additive for the toxicants tested in this study, giving no dose-response relationship. The methods employed in this study could be useful for quantifying hsp60 levels in wild rotifer populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900472
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The roles of collagen genes in skeletal development and morphogenesis (1995)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 51 (1995), S. 194-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Molecular genetic analyses of osteochondrodysplasias in mice and humans have recently led to the identification of mutations in genes encoding structural proteins growth factor receptors and sulphate transporters. Further analyses of such inherited disorders, using rapid techniques for gene mapping, positional cloning and mutation detection, will undoubtedly uncover other genes that are important for skeletal development. Together with studies of transgenic mice, in which specific genes that are expressed in the skeleton are mutated, these analyses will provide insight into genes that are essential for skeletal morphogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01931087
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structure of the human amyloid-precursor-like protein gene APLP1 at 19q13.1 (1998)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 102 (1998), S. 192-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Amyloid-precursor-like protein 1 (APLP1) is a membrane-associated glycoprotein, whose gene is homologous to the APP gene, which has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. APLP1 is predominantly expressed in brain, particularly in the cerebral cortex postsynaptic density. The genomic organization of mouse APLP1 has been determined, and the human gene has been mapped to chromosomal region 19q13.1. In the present study, the entire sequence of human APLP1 has been determined from a cosmid clone, and the genomic structure has been determined. The gene is 11.8 kb long and contains 17 exons. We have previously mapped the gene for congenital nephrotic syndrome (CNF) to the APLP1 region, to the vicinity of marker D19S610 located between markers D19S191 and DS19608. APLP1 is the only known gene in the vicinity of the marker D19S610. Because of its location and the proposed interference of amyloid with basement membrane assembly, APLP1 has been considered a candidate gene for CNF. All exon regions of the gene were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced from DNA of CNF patients. No differences were observed between CNF patients and controls, suggesting that mutations in APLP1 are not involved in the etiology of CNF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390050676
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutations in the iduronate-2-sulfatase gene in five Norwegians with Hunter syndrome (1996)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 97 (1996), S. 198-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have identified the mutations in the iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) gene of five unrelated Norwegians with Hunter syndrome by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis of IDS mRNA followed by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and cDNA sequencing. One patient had a 5-bp deletion, located at the intron 5/exon 6 junction, that created a new alternative splice site. This expanded the deletion to 9 bp in mRNA, an in-frame deletion of the first 3 codons of exon 6 of the IDS gene. In two patients point mutations were identified, the S333L mutation, which has been reported previously, and A346D (a C→A transversion at nucleotide 1161/exon 8), which is novel. Two patients had large 3′ mRNA rearrangements. The A346D mutation was associated with the mild phenotype, all others with the severe form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265265
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutations in the iduronate-2-sulfatase gene in five Norwegians with Hunter syndrome (1996)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 97 (1996), S. 198-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have identified the mutations in the iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) gene of five unrelated Norwegians with Hunter syndrome by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) analysis of IDS mRNA followed by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and cDNA sequencing. One patient had a 5-bp deletion, located at the intron 5/exon 6 junction, that created a new alternative splice site. This expanded the deletion to 9 by in mRNA, an in-frame deletion of the first 3 codons of exon 6 of the IDS gene. In two patients point mutations were identified, the S333L mutation, which has been reported previously, and A346D (a C→A transversion at nucleotide 1161/exon 8), which is novel. Two patients had large 3′ mRNA rearrangements. The A346D mutation was associated with the mild phenotype, all others with the severe form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02265265
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small-Scale Spatial Variation of Selenium Concentrations in Chironomid Larvae (1999)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 62 (1999), S. 122-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001289900850
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drug use in first pregnancy and lactation: a population-based survey among Danish women (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 55 (1999), S. 139-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Pregnancy ; Post-partum ; Population-based utilization study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To examine the drug prescription pattern in Danish women from 12 weeks prior to conception until 12 weeks post-partum. Method: A drug utilization study based on The North Jutland Prescription Database. The Danish pharmacies use a computerized accounting system for all subsidized drugs and this was linked to the Danish Medical Birth Registry concerning prescription patterns for all women who had given birth in the county of North Jutland from 1991 to 1996. Results: The analysis included 16 001 primiparous women, who had redeemed 34 834 prescriptions prior to, during and after pregnancy. During pregnancy 44.2% of the women received prescriptions for at least one drug. Users received 2.6 prescriptions on average during pregnancy; 5% of the users redeemed 24.2% of all prescriptions. The proportion of women who redeemed prescriptions for more than three different drugs was 2.7%. The majority of prescriptions were for antibiotics (28.7%), gynaecological drugs (13.3%) and anti-asthma drugs (7.6%). The post-partum prescription proportion was 34.0% and the majority of the prescriptions during this period were for penicillins (20.1%), opthalmologicals (15.5%) and corticosteroids for dermatological use (5.7%). Conclusion: A high proportion of the women received drugs during pregnancy. The pattern of drug use within the Anatomical Therapeutical Chemical (ATC) groups changed, i.e. the amount of broad spectrum antibiotics decreased and the proportion of prescriptions for local use increased. A small proportion of women redeemed prescriptions for more than three different drugs during pregnancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050608
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