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  • Articles  (25)
  • Springer  (25)
  • 1995-1999  (25)
  • Chemistry and Pharmacology  (20)
  • Computer Science  (5)
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  • Articles  (25)
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  • 1
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    Effect of marine oils supplementation on coagulation and cellular activation in whole blood (1995)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-12-01
    Print ISSN: 0024-4201
    Electronic ISSN: 1558-9307
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Springer
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nickel ferrite as inert anodes in aluminium electrolysis: Part I Material fabrication and preliminary testing (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 293-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: aluminium ; cermet ; electrode ; electrolysis ; inert ; NiFe2O4
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Dense, sintered samples of nickel ferrite/nickel oxide–copper cermets were produced and characterized. Three compositions were chosen, each with different NiO content. A new method of powder preparation involving no use of water as dispersant resulted in a well-dispersed ceramic phase with smaller metal grains than previously reported. The individual phases in the cermets were analysed quantitatively using energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis, and significant differences between the materials were found. The electrical conductivity of the materials was measured, showing interesting properties not previously described. Reaction sintering was tried and found to lead to a microstructure different from that obtained with pre-calcined powder. The nickel contamination level in the electrolyte did not reach steady state after 4h of electrolysis. Iron and copper did seem to reach steady state after some irregular behaviour early in the tests. The total contamination level of anode constituents in the deposited metal was as low as 0.116wt%. These encouraging results seemed to be partly related to the cell configuration giving very slow mass transfer from the electrolyte into the metal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003460220418
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nickel ferrite as inert anodes in aluminium electrolysis: Part II Material performance and long-term testing (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 29 (1999), S. 301-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: aluminium ; cermet ; electrode ; electrolysis ; inert ; NiFe2O4
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The behaviour of three different compositions based on nickel ferrite–nickel oxide–copper cermets was investigated as anode materials in laboratory electrolysis tests for 50h in a conventional cryolite-based electrolyte. The corrosion of the anodes was assumed to be mass transfer controlled and the transfer of impurities into the electrolyte and subsequently into the cathodically deposited metal was studied. The results indicate that the materials corroded in a controlled manner. Mass transfer coefficients of species from the anode to the electrolyte were of the order of 10−4ms−1 while the mass transfer coefficients for transfer of the species from the electrolyte into the deposited metal were of the order of 10−6ms−1. Nickel exhibited significantly lower mass transfer coefficients than those of iron and copper. The extrapolated corrosion rates of the anode ranged 1.2–2.0 cm year−1, which is acceptable from an industrial perspective. The contamination of the deposited aluminium with respect to Ni and Cu was, however, too high to meet current specifications for commercial grade metal. Post-electrolysis examination of the anodes showed that a reaction layer of approximately 50μm thickness was formed on the anodes. This layer did not contain any metal grains and seemed to prevent preferential corrosion of the metal phase in the underlying cermet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003464304488
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Decompositional Approach for Computing Least Fixed-Points of Datalog Programs with Z-Counters (1997)
    Springer
    Constraints 2 (1997), S. 305-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9354
    Keywords: decomposition ; linear arithmetic ; least fixed-point ; Petri nets ; reachability set
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract We present a method for characterizing the least fixed-points of a certain class of Datalog programs in Presburger arithmetic. The method consists in applying a set of rules that transform general computation paths into “canonical” ones. We use the method for treating the problem of reachability in the field of Petri nets, thus relating some unconnected results and extending them in several directions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009747629591
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Bible as a Parallel Corpus: Annotating the ‘Book of 2000 Tongues’ (1999)
    Springer
    Computers and the humanities 33 (1999), S. 129-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8412
    Keywords: Bible ; computational linguistics ; parallel corpora ; Corpus Encoding Standard ; translation lexicons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism
    Notes: Abstract We report on a project to annotate biblical texts in order to create an aligned multilingual Bible corpus for linguistic research, particularly computational linguistics, including automatically creating and evaluating translation lexicons and semantically tagged texts. The output of this project will enable researchers to take advantage of parallel translations across a wider number of languages than previously available, providing, with relatively little effort, a corpus that contains careful translations and reliable alignment at the near-sentence level. We discuss the nature of the text, our annotation process, preliminary and planned uses for the corpus, and relevant aspects of the Corpus Encoding Standard (CES) with respect to this corpus. We also present a quantitative comparison with dictionary and corpus resources for modern-day English, confirming the relevance of this corpus for research on present day language.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1001798929185
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peroxin Puzzles and Folded Freight: Peroxisomal Protein Import in Review (1999)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 86 (1999), S. 51-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001140050572
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multilingual generation: The role of telicity in lexical choice and syntactic realization (1996)
    Springer
    Machine translation 11 (1996), S. 37-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0573
    Keywords: syntax-semantics interface ; syntactic alternations ; semantic classes ; (a)telicity ; multilingual generation ; interlingua ; lexical conceptual structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Multilingual generation in machine translation (MT) requires a knowledge organization that facilitates the task of lexical choice, i.e. selection of lexical units to be used in the generation of a target-language sentence. This paper investigates the extent to which lexicalization patterns involving the lexical aspect feature [+telic] may be used for translating events and states among languages. Telicity has been correlated syntactically with both transitivity and unaccusativity, and semantically with Talmy's ‘path’ of a motion event, the representation of which characterizes languages parametrically. Taking as our starting point the syntactic/semantic classification in Levin's English Verb Classes and Alternations, we examine the relation between telicity and the syntactic contexts, or alternations, outlined in this work, identifying systematic relations between the lexical aspect features and the semantic components that potentiate these alternations. Representing lexical aspect — particularly telicity — is therefore crucial for the tasks of lexical choice and syntactic realization. Having enriched the data in Levin (by correlating the syntactic alternations (Part I) and semantic verb classes (Part II) and marking them for telicity) we assign to verbs lexical semantic templates (LSTs). We then demonstrate that it is possible from these templates to build a large-scale repository for lexical conceptual structures which encode meaning components that correspond to different values of the telicity feature. The LST framework preserves both semantic content and semantic structure (following Grimshaw during the processes of lexical choice and syntactic realization. Application of this model identifies precisely where the Knowledge Representation component may profitably augment our rules of composition, to identify cases where the interlingua underlying the source language sentence must be either reduced or modified in order to produce an appropriate target language sentence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349353
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drug use in first pregnancy and lactation: a population-based survey among Danish women (1999)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 55 (1999), S. 139-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Pregnancy ; Post-partum ; Population-based utilization study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To examine the drug prescription pattern in Danish women from 12 weeks prior to conception until 12 weeks post-partum. Method: A drug utilization study based on The North Jutland Prescription Database. The Danish pharmacies use a computerized accounting system for all subsidized drugs and this was linked to the Danish Medical Birth Registry concerning prescription patterns for all women who had given birth in the county of North Jutland from 1991 to 1996. Results: The analysis included 16 001 primiparous women, who had redeemed 34 834 prescriptions prior to, during and after pregnancy. During pregnancy 44.2% of the women received prescriptions for at least one drug. Users received 2.6 prescriptions on average during pregnancy; 5% of the users redeemed 24.2% of all prescriptions. The proportion of women who redeemed prescriptions for more than three different drugs was 2.7%. The majority of prescriptions were for antibiotics (28.7%), gynaecological drugs (13.3%) and anti-asthma drugs (7.6%). The post-partum prescription proportion was 34.0% and the majority of the prescriptions during this period were for penicillins (20.1%), opthalmologicals (15.5%) and corticosteroids for dermatological use (5.7%). Conclusion: A high proportion of the women received drugs during pregnancy. The pattern of drug use within the Anatomical Therapeutical Chemical (ATC) groups changed, i.e. the amount of broad spectrum antibiotics decreased and the proportion of prescriptions for local use increased. A small proportion of women redeemed prescriptions for more than three different drugs during pregnancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050608
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spinor optimization for a relativistic spin-dependent CASSCF program (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 97 (1997), S. 125-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Keywords: Key words: Relativistic two-component quantum chemical methods ; Complete-active-space-SCF theory ; Spin-orbit coupling ; Spin-dependent one-particle bases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract. Detailed formulae for the implementation of the multi-configuration SCF spinor optimization in a basis of Kramers pair 2-spinors – i.e. exploiting time-reversal symmetry – are presented. Full expressions for the spinor gradient and spinor Hessian elements are given in abstract form as well as within the usual CASSCF subspace division. As far as possible, the resulting terms are grouped to relativistic inactive and active Fock matrices, which have been introduced previously. Approximations for the Hessian are introduced so as to initialize it in an inverse Hessian update algorithm for a diagonal first approximation within the standard quasi-Newton-Raphson procedure. The effects of double group symmetry arising from spin dependence on Fock matrices and therefore gradient and Hessian are discussed and a group scheme for the implementation is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002140050245
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A determinantal approach to spin-orbit configuration interaction (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 97 (1997), S. 301-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Keywords: Key words: Spin-orbit coupling ; Determinant configuration interaction ; Time-reversal symmetry ; Relativistic configuration interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract. A general configuration interaction (CI) algorithm incorporating one- and two-electron spin-orbit operators is presented. The algorithm is determinant based and enables the use of highly vectorized non-relativistic algorithms in the most operation-intensive part. Excitations between α and β spin orbitals are avoided in the time consuming parts by performing separate S + and S − operations. The relativistic CI expansions are often very large, so the algorithms require only the presence of segments of vectors in memory. Double-group symmetry is fully accounted for and time-reversal symmetry is exploited for both even and odd numbers of electrons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002140050265
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