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  • Articles  (11)
  • Springer  (11)
  • 1995-1999  (11)
  • Economics  (6)
  • Computer Science  (5)
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  • Articles  (11)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Greenhouse gas abatement — toward Pareto-optimal decisions under uncertainty (1996)
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 68 (1996), S. 267-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract This paper examines the economic logic of integrated assessment — balancing the costs against the benefits of greenhouse gas abatement. “Stylized facts” are employed in a multiregion computable general equilibrium model with a public good. The percentage shares of global emissions are determined outside the model — based upon some form of international agreement — and emission rights are tradeable between regions. The analysis is confined to Pareto-optimal (cooperative) solutions. We focus on the sensitivity of initial decisions to low-probability, high-consequence scenarios associated with cumulative emissions. For simplicity, there are only two regions, two tradeable goods, two time periods, and two states-of-world. With the particular form of public good model adopted here (production rather than utility function impacts), it turns out that a Pareto-optimal hedging strategy is indepedent of the emission shares allocated to each region. Equity issues may be separated from those of economic efficiency. Similar results extend to cases in which there are additional regions, tradeable goods, time periods, and states-of-world.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02209615
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Decompositional Approach for Computing Least Fixed-Points of Datalog Programs with Z-Counters (1997)
    Springer
    Constraints 2 (1997), S. 305-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9354
    Keywords: decomposition ; linear arithmetic ; least fixed-point ; Petri nets ; reachability set
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract We present a method for characterizing the least fixed-points of a certain class of Datalog programs in Presburger arithmetic. The method consists in applying a set of rules that transform general computation paths into “canonical” ones. We use the method for treating the problem of reachability in the field of Petri nets, thus relating some unconnected results and extending them in several directions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009747629591
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Bible as a Parallel Corpus: Annotating the ‘Book of 2000 Tongues’ (1999)
    Springer
    Computers and the humanities 33 (1999), S. 129-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8412
    Keywords: Bible ; computational linguistics ; parallel corpora ; Corpus Encoding Standard ; translation lexicons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Media Resources and Communication Sciences, Journalism
    Notes: Abstract We report on a project to annotate biblical texts in order to create an aligned multilingual Bible corpus for linguistic research, particularly computational linguistics, including automatically creating and evaluating translation lexicons and semantically tagged texts. The output of this project will enable researchers to take advantage of parallel translations across a wider number of languages than previously available, providing, with relatively little effort, a corpus that contains careful translations and reliable alignment at the near-sentence level. We discuss the nature of the text, our annotation process, preliminary and planned uses for the corpus, and relevant aspects of the Corpus Encoding Standard (CES) with respect to this corpus. We also present a quantitative comparison with dictionary and corpus resources for modern-day English, confirming the relevance of this corpus for research on present day language.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1001798929185
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Market and regulatory forces in the pricing of legal services (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of regulatory economics 7 (1995), S. 63-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0468
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract New data on individual law firms and attorneys is used to examine the effects of professional licensing restrictions and market forces on prices of legal services. The data allow detailed testing of the hypothesis that licensing restrictions serve to increase the price of professional services as well as the incomes of those providing these services. In general, little support is found for this hypothesis. Instead, the estimates show that market forces are most important in explaining variations in prices and attorney incomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01062780
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multilingual generation: The role of telicity in lexical choice and syntactic realization (1996)
    Springer
    Machine translation 11 (1996), S. 37-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0573
    Keywords: syntax-semantics interface ; syntactic alternations ; semantic classes ; (a)telicity ; multilingual generation ; interlingua ; lexical conceptual structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Multilingual generation in machine translation (MT) requires a knowledge organization that facilitates the task of lexical choice, i.e. selection of lexical units to be used in the generation of a target-language sentence. This paper investigates the extent to which lexicalization patterns involving the lexical aspect feature [+telic] may be used for translating events and states among languages. Telicity has been correlated syntactically with both transitivity and unaccusativity, and semantically with Talmy's ‘path’ of a motion event, the representation of which characterizes languages parametrically. Taking as our starting point the syntactic/semantic classification in Levin's English Verb Classes and Alternations, we examine the relation between telicity and the syntactic contexts, or alternations, outlined in this work, identifying systematic relations between the lexical aspect features and the semantic components that potentiate these alternations. Representing lexical aspect — particularly telicity — is therefore crucial for the tasks of lexical choice and syntactic realization. Having enriched the data in Levin (by correlating the syntactic alternations (Part I) and semantic verb classes (Part II) and marking them for telicity) we assign to verbs lexical semantic templates (LSTs). We then demonstrate that it is possible from these templates to build a large-scale repository for lexical conceptual structures which encode meaning components that correspond to different values of the telicity feature. The LST framework preserves both semantic content and semantic structure (following Grimshaw during the processes of lexical choice and syntactic realization. Application of this model identifies precisely where the Knowledge Representation component may profitably augment our rules of composition, to identify cases where the interlingua underlying the source language sentence must be either reduced or modified in order to produce an appropriate target language sentence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349353
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    From the bird's eye to the microscope: A survey of new stylized facts of the intra-daily foreign exchange markets (1997)
    Springer
    Finance and stochastics 1 (1997), S. 95-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1122
    Keywords: Key words:Foreign exchange rates, intra-daily, heterogeneous, distribution ¶JEL classification:F31, G15, E44 ¶Mathematics Subject Classification (1991):90-02, 62-07, 62P20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract. This paper presents stylized facts concerning the spot intra-daily foreign exchange markets. It first describes intra-daily data and proposes a set of definitions for the variables of interest. Empirical regularities of the foreign exchange intra-daily data are then grouped under three major topics: the distribution of price changes, the process of price formation and the heterogeneous structure of the market. The stylized facts surveyed in this paper shed new light on the market structure that appears composed of heterogeneous agents. It also poses several challenges such as the definition of price and of the time-scale, the concepts of risk and efficiency, the modeling of the markets and the learning process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007800050018
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling the leech heartbeat elemental oscillator I. Interactions of intrinsic and synaptic currents (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of computational neuroscience 2 (1995), S. 215-235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6873
    Keywords: central pattern generator ; half-center oscillator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have developed a biophysical model of a pair of reciprocally inhibitory interneurons comprising an elemental heartbeat oscillator of the leech. We incorporate various intrinsic and synaptic ionic currents based on voltage-clamp data. Synaptic transmission between the interneurons consists of both a graded and a spike-mediated component. By using maximal conductances as parameters, we have constructed a canonical model whose activity appears close to the real neurons. Oscillations in the model arise from interactions between synaptic and intrinsic currents. The inhibitory synaptic currents hyperpolarize the cell, resulting in activation of a hyperpolarization-activated inward currentI h and the removal of inactivation from regenerative inward currents. These inward currents depolarize the cell to produce spiking and inhibit the opposite cell. Spike-mediated IPSPs in the inhibited neuron cause inactivation of low-threshold Ca++ currents that are responsible for generating the graded synaptic inhibition in the opposite cell. Thus, although the model cells can potentially generate large graded IPSPs, synaptic inhibition during canonical oscillations is dominated by the spike-mediated component.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00961435
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling the leech heartbeat elemental oscillator II. Exploring the parameter space (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of computational neuroscience 2 (1995), S. 237-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6873
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In the previous paper, we described a model of the elemental heartbeat oscillator in the leech. Here, the parameters of our model are explored around the baseline canonical model. The maximal conductances of the currents and the reversal potential of the leak current are varied to reveal the effects of individual currents and the interaction between synaptic and intrinsic currents in the model. The model produces two distinct modes of oscillation as the parameters are varied, S-mode and G-mode. These two modes are defined, their origin is identified, and the parameter space is mapped into S-mode and G-mode oscillation and no oscillation. Finally, we will make predictions for how the period can be modulated in heart interneurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00961436
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The optimal control of emissions and renewable resource harvesting under uncertainty (1996)
    Springer
    Environmental and resource economics 7 (1996), S. 97-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1502
    Keywords: Renewable resources ; pollution control ; stochastic optimal control
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Economics
    Notes: Abstract A model of a renewable resource is developed where the growth and quality of the resource are reduced by pollution. Ambient pollution concentrations and the renewable resource stock are modeled as stochastic processes. Conditions for the optimal harvest plan and the optimal emissions rate are derived. The effect of stochastic variations on the optimal management of the resource is analyzed. The steady-state joint probability distribution of the resource and pollution stocks is shown to exist under certain conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00699286
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  • 10
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    Greenhouse gas abatement — toward Pareto-optimal decisions under uncertainty (1996)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0254-5330
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-9338
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Published by Springer
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