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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance evaluation of dynamic routing based on the use of satellites and intelligent networks (1998)
    Springer
    Wireless networks 4 (1998), S. 167-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8196
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract A dynamic routing scheme for public switched telephone networks is introduced which employs satellite broadcast to distribute network load data. The proposed network architecture closely resembles the IN (Intelligent Network) architecture, whereby the IN SCPs (Service Control Points) serve as so‐called Routing Control Points (RCPs). The key functions of an RCP are (i) to execute the routing algorithm and issue routing instructions in response to routing queries it receives from its associated switches for calls which overflow from the default network links, and (ii) to monitor and evaluate the pattern of received routing queries to obtain an estimate for the traffic loads present in each RCP's domain of associated switches. Satellite broadcast is used to distribute the load information among all RCPs in the network in a periodic fashion. This paper also reports on the results of extensive call‐by‐call simulations. The objective of the simulations was to validate this new routing scheme and compare its performance with well‐known existing schemes. Real traffic and network data as measured in the Austrian PSTN were used in the simulations. The main results are that, under all realistic network and traffic conditions including link and node failures, the proposed scheme yields lower blocking rates and significantly less routing and crankback attempts than the existing dynamic routing schemes. Note that this is achieved in the absence of any load measurements within the switches. As regards the periodic satellite based RCP‐RCP broadcast for the PSTN studied, it was shown that an update period of 10 seconds yields an excellent routing performance which is close to the limit of a vanishing update period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1019195720835
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Abdominal Waggings and Variation of Their Rate of Occurrence in the Social Wasp, Polistes dominulus Christ. I. Quantitative Analysis (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 12 (1999), S. 665-686 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Abdominal waggings ; evolution over time ; communication ; social wasps
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The quantitative study of abdominal waggings in Polistes dominulus Christ, covering a total of 16,000 sequences of movements observed in 13 colonies (mono- and polygyne), showed or confirmed the following points. The same form of abdominal wagging, very frequent in this species, is carried out by foundresses in two contexts: when they are caring for their brood and during aggressive encounters with other adults. While the dominant female shows this behavior most often, it predominantly concerns “aggressive” waggings (0.51 sequence per social interaction for alpha females, 0.12 and 0.04 for beta and gamma); the movements related to feeding larvae are distributed much better among the foundresses of Polygyne nests (0.38 sequence per cell check for alpha, 0.24 and 0.21 for beta and gamma). The number of waggings carried out by the workers is negligible in normally constituted colonies (0.006 and 0.01, respectively, for the two contexts). The rate of occurrence of abdominal waggings changes with time. This change is opposite and symmetrical for the two types of waggings, although we were not able to establish any correlation between the number of the movements linked to feeding the larvae and the abundance or the composition of the brood. Abdominal wagging therefore appears as a means of communication between the different members in Polistes society, used in varying degrees by all foundresses; the change of its rate of occurrence over time suggests a possible influence on larvae, hence on the future status of newborn wasps (workers or future foundresses).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020979720527
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Social Intelligence Among Autonomous Agents (1999)
    Springer
    Computational & mathematical organization theory 5 (1999), S. 203-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9346
    Keywords: agents ; bounded autonomy ; social situatedness
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents a view of social intelligence as a multiple and inter-agent property. On one hand, some fundamental requisites for a theory of mind in society are presented in the paper. On the other, the role of objective social consequences of social action are argued to multiply agents&2018; mental properties. Starting from the problems posed by social situatedness the main mental ingredients necessary for solving these problems are identified. After an operational definition of a socially situated agent, a variety of tasks or demands will be shown to impinge on socially situated agents. The specific cognitive requirements needed for individual agents to accomplish these tasks will be identified. However, these cognitive requirements are shown insufficient to answer the social demands previously identified. In particular, the effective execution of individual social action seems to produce a number of interesting social consequences which extend to and empower the individual action. The follow-up hypothesis is that further cognitive properties consequently arise at the individual level, and contribute to reproduce and reinforce multiple agents&2018; intelligence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009634206383
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Computer Simulation of Partnership Formation (1998)
    Springer
    Computational & mathematical organization theory 4 (1998), S. 293-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9346
    Keywords: dependence ; heterogeneous agents ; partnerships
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract This paper is intended to present and apply a formal dependence model to a simulation study of partnership formation. Although the emergence and evolution of coalitions is an issue of major concern in the study of organisations, a number of questions are still laid open. How do coalitions emerge? Which processes and mechanisms are responsible for their evolution? The agents‘ informal communications, commitments and negotiations are considered as “given”, and none or poor effort is done to ground them upon the agents‘ self-interests. The philosophy underlying this paper is that the objective relationships of dependence among heterogeneous agents provide a fundamental ground for the emergence of spontaneous coalitions. As long as agents are endowed with different goals and heterogeneous competencies, a structure of social relationships, namely dependence relations, is likely to occur among them. A formal model of dynamic dependence relationships based on the agents‘ individual properties will be used to derive a further agents‘ property, namely their negotiation powers. Through computer simulation, this property will be used to predict how likely each agent in a population will form rewarding partnerships.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009632729158
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    From conventions to prescriptions. Towards an integrated view of norms (1999)
    Springer
    Artificial intelligence and law 7 (1999), S. 323-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8382
    Keywords: agent ; autonomy ; belief ; goal ; prescription ; reasoning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Law
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, a model of norms as cognitive objects is applied to establish connections between social conventions and prescriptions. Relevant literature on this issue, especially found in AI and the social sciences, will be shown to suffer from a dychotomic view: a conventionalistic view proposed by rationality and AI scientists; and a prescriptive view proposed by some philosophers of law (Kelsen 1934/1979, Hart 1961, Ross, 1958). In the present work, the attempt is made to fill the gap between these views by putting forward a hypothesis concerning the process from perceived behavioural regularities to normative assumptions. The emergence of norms will be here seen as intrinsically intertwined with the emergence of normative beliefs. Unlike that assumed by the conventionalistic sight, the process of emergence is seen as a non-continuous phenomenon. A given behavioural regularity will be argued to give rise to a normative belief if and as long as that regularity is believed to be prescribed within the community. Two corollaries of this hypothesis will be examined: (1) unlike that implied by the conventionalistic view, the spreading of norms is not only due to a passive behavioural social influence (imitation) but also to an active cognitive one (the spreading of normative wants and beliefs); (2) unlike that assumed by the prescriptive view, a norm is not necessarily explicitly and deliberately issued by some normative authority, but is grounded upon the norm-addressees' beliefs that they are generally prescribed to comply with it. One day, a sentinel in charge with watching a besieged castle spread for fun a false alarm about a forthcoming enemy. But as he saw the population getting in arm and running to the city walls, he himself hastened to defend his city from the enemy he had invented. (Medieval tale)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008310107755
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Introduction: Agents and Norms: How to fill the gap? (1999)
    Springer
    Artificial intelligence and law 7 (1999), S. 1-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8382
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Law
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008397328506
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Aliphatic Esters on Ovary Development of Queenless Bees (Apis mellifera L.) (1998)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 85 (1998), S. 455-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001140050531
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does the Spatial Distribution of the Parasitic Mite Varroa jacobsoni Oud. (Mesostigmata: Varroidae) in Worker Brood of Honey Bee Apis Mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) Rely on an Aggregative Process? (1999)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 86 (1999), S. 540-543 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Abstract   Varroa jacobsoni is an ectoparasite of honey bees which reproduces in capped brood cells. Multi-infestation is frequently observed in worker brood and can be interpreted as an aggregative phenomenon. The aim of this study was to determine whether the distribution of V. jacobsoni in worker brood cells relies on a random or an aggregative process. We studied the distribution of Varroa females in capped worker brood at similar age by comparing, by a Monte Carlo test, the observed frequency distribution of mites per cell to simulated distributions based on a random process. A complementary approach, using the "nearest neighbor distances" (NND) with Monte Carlo tests, was investigated to study the spatial distribution (a) between mites in different cells and (b) between infested cells in brood. The observed distributions did not differ significantly from that expected by a random process, and we conclude that there is no aggregation during invasion of V. jacobsoni in worker brood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001140050671
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fast survey analysis of biomass by-product samples based on ICP optical emission spectra (1999)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 364 (1999), S. 666-672 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Prehydrolysate samples from the acidic prehydrolysis of Eucalyptus wood residues were submitted to survey analysis by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) optical emission spectrometry (OES) based on the multicomponent and multiline techniques. The survey analysis software is designed to determine 64 elements. The semiquantitative data obtained for the unknown prehydrolysate samples provided fast and valuable information for the determination of important inorganic constituents (Al, B, Ba, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, S, Si, Sr, Zn, Co, Pb, Sn) for further utilisation of the prehydrolysate in the production of fertilisers, animal feed and furfural. To validate the survey analysis approach, the prehydrolysate samples were quantitatively analysed by the standard additions method. For the prehydrolysate samples the relative difference between the results obtained by both techniques was generally ± 25% for the majority of the elements, a typical value for the survey approach. Analyte recoveries in the spiked prehydrolysate samples analysed by the survey approach ranged from 95 to 125%. Independent replicates of prehydrolysate samples were measured over a 15-day period showing relative standard deviations of ≤ 4% for all elements, except for Zn (10%) and S (16%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160051410
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural study of adult porcine endocrine pancreas during the different steps of islet isolation (1996)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 106 (1996), S. 511-519 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Treatment of diabetes mellitus by transplantation of isolated pancreatic islets could constitute an alternative to human pancreas allograft. Before transplantation, porcine islets are submitted to a procedure of isolation and purification. The quality of islets through these different steps may be assessed by morphological and functional studies. The aim of this work was the histological characterization of the four main cell types of porcine adult endocrine islets during the different steps of the isolation procedure using immunohistochemistry (IHC) applied in light (LM) and electron microscopy (EM). In fresh pancreas, islets were various sizes and shapes in LM. The number was not found different between the different portions of the pancreas. In IHC, insulin (Ins)-secreting cells accounted for the majority of the islet cells, while glucagon(Glu)-somatostatin (Som)- and polypeptide(PP)-immunoreactive cells, in decreasing number, were found in the mantle around the core of Ins-cells. In EM, B-cells contained polyhedric granules with a dense central core and clear halo. Glu granules were spherical and very dense. D-cells and PP-cells were characterized by numerous granules, rather spherical and of inequal density for Som and more ellipsoidal for PP granules. After purification in Euroficoll, in EM, the four cellular types remained recognizable, but underwent vacuolization, mitochondrial swelling, and enlargment of intercellular speces. After 3 days of culture on plastic dishes, as on Biopore membranes in a Millicell insert, microvilli appeared and vacuolization increased in EM. At the seventh day of culture, in EM, most of the cells were lysed in contrast to LM where at the same time, the four cell types were clearly identified by IHC but only in collagen matrix. Important discrepancies were noticed between LM and EM. This fact emphasizes the complementarity of morphological and functional studies in assessment of the quality of an islet isolation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02473314
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