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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Dual-Mode Molecular Switching Device: Bisphenolic Diarylethenes with Integrated Photochromic and Electrochromic PropertiesDedicated to Professor George Just on the occasion of his 65th birthday. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. 285-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: diarylethenes ; electrochromes ; molecular devices ; optical memory ; photochromes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The bisphenolic dithienylethene molecules 1a and 1b were synthesized in overall yields of 45% from 4-bromoanisole and 44% from 2.6-di-tert-butyl-4-iodophenol, respectively. The corresponding extended quinones 3a and 3b were also prepared. Photochemical studies showed that compounds 1 are photochromic; the open forms 1 could be converted with UV light of 312nm to the closed coloured forms 2 with photostationary states lying at essentially complete conversion (〉 98%). The 1a-2a system was found to exhibit good resistance to photofatigue and thermal stability for both photoisomers. Cyclic voltammetry studies involving the 2/3 couples showed that whereas 2b undergoes irreversible oxidation at + 0.85 V (vs. SCE in THF), the hydroquinone 2a is reversibly oxidized at an E1/2 of + 0.72V (in MeCN, quasi-reversibly in THF at + 0.81 V); this reflects the differences in deprotonation behaviour of the generated QH2/2+ species. The large difference in oxidation potential between 1a and 2a allows the photochemical switching of redox properties. In a complementary fashion, redox switching of the photochromic properties within the 2a-3a pair is possible since 3a is stable to visible light. Owing to this unique behaviour, the triad consisting of 1-3a represents a novel molecular device with mutually regulating photo- and electrochromic behaviour. In addition, the ability to interconvert between the three stable states makes the system well-suited as the basis for an optical memory system with multiple storage and nondestructive readout capacity through a write-lock-read-unlock-erase cycle.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.19950010505
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 1 (1995), S. 3-3 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.19950010104
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coordination Arrays: Synthesis and Characterisation of Rack-Type Dinuclear Complexes (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 2 (1996), S. 1292-1302 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: complexes with nitrogen ligands ; ruthenium complexes ; self-assembly ; supramolecular chemistry ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of mono- and dimetallic complexes of rack type containing a dinucleating bis-tridentate ligand and RuII-2,2′:6′,2′-terpyridyl (tpy) sites were synthesised and characterised. The 1H NMR spectra of the dimetallic complexes were correlated to structural features, and the crystal structures of the dimetallic complexes were determined. They provide information about the way in which the central substitutent affects the overall shape of the racks and the relative disposition of the metal centres, measured by the pinching angle of the bis-tridentate ligand and the convergence angle of the ancillary tpy units. The latter demonstrates that a CH3 group yields the least bent complex and indicates how parallel the tpy units are. The dimetallic racks exhibit metal-metal interactions mediated by the bis-tridentate ligands as indicated by electrochemical and spectroscopic methods. The bridging-ligand π* orbital and the dπ metal orbital are stabilised by complexation of a second metal. The results obtained provide guidelines for the design of extended racks bearing several metal centres in a linear arrangement, which also represent potential components of molecular electronic devices.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.19960021017
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of the Self-Assembly Pathway of Pentanuclear Helicates by Electrospray Mass Spectrometry (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemistry - A European Journal 2 (1996), S. 1395-1398 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: bipyridine ligands ; helicates ; kinetics ; mass spectrometry ; self-assembly ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The self-assembly of the pentanuclear double helicates Hh, Ha and He from the corresponding oligobipyridine strands Lh, La and Le and Cu1 ions has been investigated by NMR and electrospray mass spectrometry (ESMS). Where as Hh is assembled rapidly (in less than 20 min), He (about 20 h) and especially Ha (about 60 h) form much more slowly. The rate decreases strongly with increasing steric bulk of the substituents in the 4,4′-positions on the bipyridine units; this indicates that the search processes (wrapping, unwrapping) that lead to the final helicate are strongly hindered by the size of the substituents. The ESMS data give information about the species present in solution under different conditions and allow the formulation of possible formation pathways, which may involve, in particular, helicates of hairpin type.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chem.19960021111
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and Properties of Silver(I) and Copper(I) Helicates with Imine-Bridged Oligobipyridine Ligands (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1998 (1998), S. 977-982 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Helicates ; Oligobipyridine ligands ; Self-recognition ; NMR titration ; Self-assembly ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Oligobipyridine ligands containing one or two imine bridges were found to form double helicates by treatment with copper(I) or silver(I). The properties of the complexes are similar to those of oxapropylene-bridged oligobipyridines. Titration of a mixture of the bis(bipyridine) and the tris(bipyridine) ligands with silver(I) hexafluorophosphate showed that helicates formed with strict self-recognition.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-Assembly, Crystal Structure, and Magnetic Properties of a Phenoxo-Bridged Tetranuclear CuII Complex of the [2 × 2] Grid Type (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1999 (1999), S. 517-522 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Self-assembly ; Tetranuclear CuII complex ; [2 × 2] grid-type complex ; Crystal structure ; Magnetic properties ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The ditopic ligand 3 has been synthesized. In its deprotonated form, it reacts with copper(II) ions to form a tetranuclear complex 1 of the [2 × 2] CuII4 grid type, the structure of which has been confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Magnetic studies of complex 1 indicate a very weak antiferromagnetic coupling between the phenoxo-bridged CuII ions.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Self-Assembly, Structure, and Physical Properties of Tetranuclear ZnII and CoII Complexes of [2 × 2] Grid-Type (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1999 (1999), S. 1421-1428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Grid complexes ; Self-assembly ; Co ; Zn ; Coordination chemistry ; Bis(tridentate) ligands ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The tretrametallic [2 × 2] grid-type complexes 1-4 are formed by self-assembly of the bis(tridentate) ligands 5 and 6 with ZnII and CoII cations. They have been characterized by spectroscopic studies in solution as well as by crystal structure determination. The substituents in the central pyrimidine ring play an important role in terms of geometry and physical properties of the complexes. They induce an orthogonal orientation of the ligand in the complexes which is critical for the formation of ordered monolayers and extended self-organized arrays of grids. The physical properties of the complexes such as metal-metal interaction and π-π* stacking between the ligands may be modulated by changing these substituents.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic Combinatorial Chemistry: Substrate H-Bonding Directed Assembly of Receptors Based on Bipyridine-Metal Complexes (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1999 (1999), S. 1415-1420 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Combinatorial chemistry ; Molecular recognition ; Functionalized bipyridine metal complexes ; Janus molecules ; Hydrogen bonding ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The functionalized ligands 1 and 2 bearing hydrogen-bonding recognition groups have been synthesized. Their assembly by metal ions such as CuI and PdII having different coordination geometries generates different receptor architectures for the binding of suitable substrates. Addition of the complementary bis(imide) Janus molecules (4-7) to [1a, 2a, CuTf] or to [1b, 2b, Pd(BF4)2] mixtures leads to a moderate selective increase of the fraction of the [(1a)2Cu]+ or [(1b)2Pd]2+ complex depending on the Janus substrate used. Largest enhancements are observed for those Janus substrates that may be expected to display highest geometrical complementarity with the two complexes. These results represent a process directed by target binding based on dynamic combinatorial chemistry.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absorption and Emission Properties of Di- and Trinuclear Ruthenium(II) Rack-Type Complexes (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1999 (1999), S. 1409-1414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Ruthenium complexes ; Luminescence ; Bridging ligands ; Terpyridine ligands ; Polynuclear metal complexes ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The absorption spectra and the luminescence properties of three dinuclear RuII complexes and one trinuclear RuII complex have been investigated. All the complexes have rack-type structures. The dinuclear complexes 1, 2, and 3 incorporate a bis-tridentate bridging ligand made up of a pyrimidine and four pyridine moieties, as well as two 2,2′:6′,2′-terpyridyl (tpy) ligands. The trinuclear complex 4 incorporates a tris-tridentate bridging ligand made up of two pyrimidine and five pyridine moieties, as well as three tpy ligands. The absorption spectra of the complexes show a large number of ligand-centered (LC) and metal-to-ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) bands. All the complexes exhibit emission from a triplet MLCT state, with maxima in the spectral range 840-950 nm (lifetimes between 40 and 80 ns) at 298 K in fluid solution, and in the spectral range 760-810 nm (lifetimes between 2 and 3 μs) at 77 K in rigid matrices. A fine tuning of the absorption and luminescence properties of complexes 1-3can be achieved by changing the substituents on the pyrimidine ring of the bridging ligand. Efficient energy transfer within the rack structure 4 occurs from the (upper-lying) central metal-based chromophore to the (lower-lying) peripheral ones.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular Recognition of Azobenzene Dicarboxylates by Acridine-Based Receptor Molecules; Crystal Structure of the Supramolecular Inclusion Complex of trans-3,3′-Azobenzene Dicarboxylate with a Cyclo-bis-intercaland Receptor (1999)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1999 (1999), S. 2479-2484 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-193X
    Keywords: Cyclo-bis-intercaland ; Acridine units ; cis/trans-Azobenzene dicarboxylic acids ; Inclusion compounds ; X-ray structure ; Molecular recognition ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The water soluble acyclic 1 and macrocyclic 2 receptor molecules, based on acridine units, form 1:1 complexes with the cis- or trans-2,2′ and 3,3′-azobenzene dicarboxylate substrates. The stability constants of these complexes, determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy, cover a wide range from 30 to 105M-1, thus displaying very pronounced structure selectivity with respect to both substitution pattern and cis, transconfiguration. The complexes of the cyclo-bis-intercaland receptor 2 are two or three orders of magnitude more stable than those of 1. The inclusion complex of cyclo-bis-intercaland 2 with trans-3,3′- azobenzene dicarboxylate has been isolated and its structure has been determined by X-ray crystallography using synchrotron radiation, confirming the intercalation of the substrate between the acridine residues in the species formed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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