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  • Elsevier  (28)
  • Springer  (27)
  • Springer Nature  (4)
  • 1995-1999  (59)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Herbivore-induced emissions of maize volatiles repel the corn leaf aphid, shape Rhopalosiphum maidis (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 87 (1998), S. 133-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Rhopalosiphum maidis ; Zea mays ; induced plant volatiles ; repellence ; (E)-β-farnesene ; alarm pheromone ; plant insect interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract When maize plants, Zea mays L., are mechanically damaged and the damaged sites are treated with caterpillar regurgitant, the plants will release a specific blend of volatiles. It is known that these volatiles can be attractive to natural enemies of herbivores. We hypothesise that the plant volatiles constitute part of the induced plant defence and that herbivores will be affected by the odours as well. In laboratory and semi-field studies this hypothesis was tested for the aphid Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) (Rhynchota, Sternorrhyncha, Aphididae). In a Y-tube olfactometer significantly more aphids chose the odour of healthy, undamaged maize seedlings when tested against clean air or plants treated with regurgitant. Clean air was chosen more often when tested next to the odour of treated plants. This apparently repellent effect of the odour of treated plants was significant for winged aphids, but not for the wingless aphids. In field experiments aphids were released in the centre of circles of eight potted maize plants. Four plants in each circle were damaged and treated with caterpillar regurgitant while the other plants were left unharmed. At different intervals after aphid release, the number of aphids was counted on each plant. Significantly fewer winged and wingless aphids were found back on treated plants than on healthy plants. We suggest that herbivores may be repelled by the odours because they could indicate that: 1) the plant has initiated the production of toxic compounds; 2) potential competitors are present on the plant; 3) the plant is attractive to parasitoids and predators. Aphids may be particularly sensitive to induced maize volatiles because one of the major compounds emitted by the plant is (E)-β-farnesene, which is a common alarm pheromone for aphids. Collections and analyses of the odours emitted by crushed R. maidis confirmed that it too emits (E)-β-farnesene when stressed. The results are discussed in context of plant defence strategies and their possible exploitation for the control of pest insects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003200108763
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of temperature on the life table of Hyperaspis notata (1997)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 84 (1997), S. 85-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Coccinellids ; Hyperaspis notata ; life table statistics ; insect development ; intrinsic rates of increase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The coccinellid Hyperaspis notata Mulsant was introduced into Africa for the biological control of the cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero. Two cohorts of strains, one originating from Southern Brazil and Paraguay feeding on P. manihoti, and one from Colombia feeding on Phenacoccus herreni Cox & Williams were studied at different temperatures between 15 and 34 °C and age-specific life tables were constructed. Although in the areas of origin the climatical conditions and the food sources are different, the survivorship and developmental times at the same temperature differed little among the two strains, the Colombian strain being slightly more tolerant to high temperatures. Jacknife estimates of the intrinsic rates of increase (rm) peaked very close to 30 °C for the two strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003026314120
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heritability of flight distance for Cydia pomonella (1997)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 85 (1997), S. 169-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Cydia pomonella ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; flight distance ; dispersal ; flight mill ; heritability ; colonisation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is considered to be rather sedentary, but some individuals undertake flights of several kilometres in the field. This paper investigates the genetic influence on this variability. The flight capacity was measured in the laboratory by a flight mill and its heritability was estimated for two different strains. The laboratory strain was kept for more than 45 generations and the field strain from Embrach (northern Switzerland) was recently collected in the field. The multiple-trait-restricted-maximum-likelihood method was used for the estimation of genetic variances and covariances. A mixed full-sib/half-sib design was applied for the field strain and a full-sib design for the laboratory strain. The heritability of total distance was 0.57 for the field strain and 0.37 for the laboratory strain (both sexes). In addition, a heritability of 0.38 for total distance was estimated by parent-offspring regression for the laboratory strain. All three values were significantly different from zero P〈0.05 and show that there is a significant additive genetic influence on flight capacity. The genetic correlations between total distance and other flight traits (total duration, flight velocity, longest flight) were between 0.84 and 1.00 for both strains and suggest that these traits actually belong to a single one. High genetic correlations were also found between total distance and the morphological traits body weight and wing length for the field strain, whereas a negative correlation was found between total flight distance and body weight for the laboratory strain. This difference between the two strains was interpreted as a possible trade-off between flight capacity and fecundity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003195424159
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Instar-dependent hemocyte changes in shape Pieris brassicae after parasitization by shape Cotesia glomerata (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 88 (1998), S. 49-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Pieris brassicae ; Cotesia glomerata ; parasitoid ; hemocytes ; inhibition of encapsulation ; development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cotesia glomerata L. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) is a parasitoid of early instar larvae of Pieris brassicae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Late instars of P. brassicae can more often overcome parasitization by hemocytic encapsulation of C. glomerata eggs. Short-term hemocyte responses to parasitization were examined in third and fourth instar larvae of P. brassicae. Total and differential hemocyte counts did not differ between parasitized and unparasitized host larvae. A rapid, but temporary decrease of total hemocyte as well as plasmatocyte numbers was observed immediately after oviposition. Numbers of hemocytes adhering to tissues were shown to be the same in untreated, wounded and parasitized P. brassicae larvae by tracing hemocytes with monoclonal antibodies as markers. The in vitro spreading ability of hemocytes from unparasitized third and fourth instar larvae was lower than that of the last instar's; parasitization, however, had no influence on hemocyte spreading. We therefore suggest that the higher parasitization success of C. glomerata in earlier instars of P. brassicae is mainly due to the low spreading ability of the hemocytes. Abbreviations: ACS – anticoagulant saline; BSA – bovine serum albumin; DABCO – 1,4-diazabicyclo-[2,2,2]-octane; DHC – differential hemocyte count; FITC – fluorescein isothiocyanate; GR – granular cells; LPS – lipopolysaccharide; mAb – monoclonal antibody; OE – oenocytoids; PL – plasmatocytes; PRO – prohemocytes; PS – Pieris saline; PVP – polyvinylpyrrolidone; TBS – tris-buffered saline; THC – total hemocyte count.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003256105692
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flight behavior of pre- and postdiapause apple blossom weevils in relation to ambient temperature (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 88 (1998), S. 97-99 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Anthonomus pomorum ; temperature ; diapause ; flight behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003269621622
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sexual dimorphism in the olfactory orientation of adult Cydia pomonella in response to α-farnesene (1999)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 92 (1999), S. 63-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Cydia pomonella ; α-farnesene ; host plant finding ; sexual dimorphism ; mating status ; dose-response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The role of host plant-derived volatile substances on the behaviour of adult codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) is poorly understood. We tested the response of females and males to a range of α-farnesene dosages. Natural α-farnesene from apples contains the E,E and Z,E isomers in varying proportions. No difference in the response of C. pomonella to preparations containing two different proportions of the E,E and Z,E isomers was noted (77:20.7 or 1.2:84.7% E,E and Z,E isomers respectively), indicating a similar bioactivity of E,E and Z,E α-farnesene on codling moth. A marked sexual dimorphism was found to increasing dosages of α-farnesene. Females were attracted to low dosages (starting from 63.4 ng) and repelled by high dosages (ending at 12 688 ng). The dose response over this concentration range was linear with a negative slope. Both mated and virgin females responded similarly in kind but differently in degree, both attraction and repellency being more pronounced in mated females. Males were neither attracted nor repelled over a large dose range (63.4 to 12 688 ng) except the highest rate which was attractive. This indicates a stronger dependency of females on plant-derived volatiles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003756428631
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spring colonisation of orchards by Anthonomus pomorum from adjacent forest borders (1999)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 93 (1999), S. 131-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: dispersal ; mark-release-recapture ; Anthonomus pomorum ; apple blossom weevil ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; apple orchard
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The early-season dispersal of the overwintered apple blossom weevil, Anthonomus pomorum (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is a crucial stage in the colonisation of dwarf apple orchards adjacent to forests. We have conducted release-recapture studies with 1700 to 4000 marked weevils at two orchard sites in Switzerland over 2 years to characterise the spatial and temporal pattern of the dispersal process. The dispersal and colonisation of orchards in spring by overwintered weevils is dependent upon the prevailing temperature. An orientated dispersal from the forest border to the centre of the orchard was observed consistently, irrespective of the angle of the apple tree rows with respect to the forest border or of climatic conditions. The average dispersal distance of the weevils was 19 m. Approximately one third of the weevil population remained on the first tree encountered, the remainder of the population moved over short distances mainly along the tree rows. This dispersal pattern led to a strong ‘edge effect’ with higher numbers of weevils occurring at the edges adjoining the forests as compared to the centre of orchards. The relevance of these findings to population dynamics and management of the pest is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003844902445
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spring behavioral patterns of the apple blossom weevil (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 79 (1996), S. 9-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Anthonomus pomorum ; temperature ; diel cycle ; Coleoptera ; Curculionidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Individual pairs of overwintered adult apple blossom weevils, Anthonomus pomorum (L.), confined with apple twigs under different ambient temperatures in the laboratory and on apple trees in the field, were observed through day and night for their spring activities. Flight behavior in relation to ambient temperature was also investigated under laboratory conditions using flight stands. Both sexes displayed predominantly nocturnal behavior patterns in both the laboratory and the field. Feeding, crawling, and mating activities increased following sunset in the field or onset of scotophase in the laboratory while resting occurred most frequently during daylight hours. Results of the laboratory experiments showed that temperature affected significantly the activity patterns. The diel pattern of activities became less distinctive at higher temperatures (above 15°C), and total activities in crawling, feeding, and mating were suppressed significantly at lower temperatures (below 5°C). Over 97% of the test weevils initiated take-off response from flight stands at 20°C within the 30 min trial period; however, flight initiation rarely occurred at temperatures 12°C or below. Overall, results of the laboratory and field experiments indicate that A. pomorum is a remarkably cold-adapted insect with ability to crawl, feed, and mate at a few degrees above freezing, a physiological attribute necessary for the exploitation of early stages of apple bud development in the cold early spring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00333816
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inductive countersupport (1995)
    Springer
    Journal for general philosophy of science 26 (1995), S. 187-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8587
    Keywords: Popper-Miller-anti-induction proof ; inductive countersupport ; inductive support ; Popper's laws of excess ; deductive independence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Philosophy , Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Summary The basic idea by means of which Popper and Miller proved the non-existence of inductive probabilistic support in 1983/1985/1987, is used to prove that inductive probabilistic countersupport does exist. So it seems that after falsification has won over verification on the deductive side of science, countersupport wins over support on the inductive side.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01130934
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of a Homologous Series of Linear Alcohol Ethoxylate Surfactants on Fathead Minnow Early Life Stages (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 37 (1999), S. 536-541 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Effects of a homologous series of three primarily linear alcohol ethoxylate surfactants were studied in laboratory flow-through 28-day early-life-stage tests with fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas Rafinesque). Surfactants were a C9–11, C12–13, and C14–15 with an average of 6, 6.5, and 7 ethylene oxide units per mole of alcohol, respectively. Average measured surfactant recoveries were 103%, 81%, and 79% of nominal concentrations for the C9–11 EO 6, C12–13 EO 6.5, and C14–15 EO 7 studies, respectively. Embryo survival at 48 h was not adversely affected at any of the concentrations tested. Impaired hatching and deformed fry were observed only in the C12–13 EO 6.5 study. The 28-day LC50 values were 4.87, 2.39, and 1.02 mg/L for the C9–11 EO 6, C12–13 EO 6.5, and C14–15 EO 7 surfactants, respectively. The corresponding NOECs for survival were 1.01, 1.76, and 0.74 mg/L. Posthatch fry growth was more sensitive than survival for the C12–13 EO 6.5 and C14–15 EO 7 surfactants. Survival of posthatch fry decreased with increasing surfactant alkyl chain length. Twenty-eight-day laboratory data were compared to 96-h laboratory, 10-day laboratory and 30-day stream mesocosm data for fathead minnow previously determined for these surfactants. Survival endpoints from the different exposures were comparable and only varied within a factor of two. Similarity of results suggests that it is possible to effectively use 96-h, 10-day, or 28-day laboratory data to predict environmental effects concentrations of these surfactants for fish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900549
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