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  • Springer  (16)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (2)
  • American Physical Society (APS)
  • National Academy of Sciences
  • 1995-1999  (18)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Heisenberg Microscope for Atoms (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 755 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb38964.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic footprint of the ToxR-binding site in the promoter for cholera toxin (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 20 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The transmembrane DNA-binding protein, ToxR, of Vibrio cholerae is a global transcriptional regulator of virulence gene expression. ToxR has been shown to interact with promoter regions upstream of both the ctxAB operon encoding cholera toxin, and the regulatory gene toxT. Deletion analysis has shown that a repeated sequence, TTTTGAT, is required for ToxR binding and activation of the ctxAB promoter. However, this sequence is not found upstream of the toxT promoter. Genetic selections using P22 challenge phages were used to define sites within the promoter for ctxAB which are critical for ToxR-DNA interactions. Single-base-pair changes and deletion mutations that impair ToxR binding cluster within two regions: -57 to -69 within two of three tandem TTTTGAT sequences; and from -39 to -47, between the repeat sequences; and the -35 region of the promoter. ToxR does not bind to a synthetic target that has three tandem repeats which lack a flanking upstream and downstream sequence. These results suggest that the ToxR-binding site lies immediately upstream of the -35 position of the ctx promoter, and that the affinity of ToxR binding to this site is influenced by the repeat sequences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02502.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rapid communicationPattern generation with cesium atomic beams at nanometer scales (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 649-652 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS:07.77.Gx; 42.82.Cr
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We have demonstrated that a cesium atomic beam can be used to pattern a gold surface using a self assembling monolayer (SAM) as a resist. A 12.5 $\mu$ m period mesh was used as a proximity mask for the atomic beam. The cesium atoms locally change the wetability of the SAM, which allows a wet etching reagent to remove the underlying gold in the exposed regions. An edge resolution of better than 100 nm was obtained. The experiment suggests that this method can either be used as a sensitive position detector with nanometer resolution in atom optics, or for nanostructuring in a resist technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01831007
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-resolved detection of atoms diffracted from a standing light wave (1995)
    Springer
    Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 229-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 03.75.B ; 03.75.D ; 42.50.V
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present a time-resolved experimental observation of the diffraction of metastable helium atoms from a nearly resonant standing light wave. The application of a time-resolved detection technique and a pulsed source allows to resolve high diffraction orders, which are populated in the atom-light interaction. Furthermore, the rms momentum transfer from the light field on the atom as a function of the interaction time is investigated. Future applications of this technique may be the detailed investigation of the motion of atoms in standing light waves and the detection of correlations between spontaneously emitted photons and atoms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01135866
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nanolithography with metastabile helium (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 203-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 41.80.-y
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have used a self-assembling monolayer of dodecanethiole molecules as the resist for a lithography technique based on a beam of metastable helium atoms. Doses as low as 3 metastable helium atoms per 10 molecules are enough to write patterns into this resist. An edge resolution of 30 nanometers is demonstrated. The writing mechanism is based on the damage of the resist due to Penning ionization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01095274
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hexagonal nanostructures generated by light masks for neutral atoms (1997)
    Springer
    Applied physics 65 (1997), S. 755-759 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 42.82.Cr; 07.77.Gx
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: 52 Cr, different patterns can be generated. Possible applications using the inherent properties of atom lithography, e.g. the fabrication of photonic bandgap material, are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003400050342
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A matter-wave interferometer based on the dc-Stark effect (1999)
    Springer
    Applied physics 69 (1999), S. 269-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 05.30.Jp; 32.80.Pj; 64.60.-i
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We present a new separated beam atom interferometer in which the recombination of the atomic wave packet is due to the dc-Stark interaction of an induced atomic dipole with a cylindrically symmetric electric field of a charged wire. The fringe period shows a weak power-law dependence on the de Broglie wavelength and the polarizability of the particles. We present a semiclassical theoretical model for this interferometer which resembles the measured performance of the interferometer without free parameters. A discussion of possible applications of this interferometer for atoms and molecules is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003400050807
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pattern generation with cesium atomic beams at nanometer scales (1996)
    Springer
    Applied physics 63 (1996), S. 649-652 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.77.Gx ; 42.82.Cr
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We have demonstrated that a cesium atomic beam can be used to pattern a gold surface using a self assembling monolayer (SAM) as a resist. A 12.5 μm period mesh was used as a proximity mask for the atomic beam. The cesium atoms locally change the wetability of the SAM, which allows a wet etching reagent to remove the underlying gold in the exposed regions. An edge resolution of better than 100 nm was obtained. The experiment suggests that this method can either be used as a sensitive position detector with nanometer resolution in atom optics, or for nanostructuring in a resist technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01831007
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Allelic diversity at the Mhc-DQA locus in cotton rats (Sigmodon hispidus) and a comparison of DQA sequences within the family Muridae (Mammalia: Rodentia) (1999)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 49 (1999), S. 886-893 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Key words Major histocompatibility complex ; DQA ; Sigmodon hispidus ; Muridae ; Allelic diversity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The cotton rat (Sigmodon hispidus) is a common murid rodent of the southern United States, Mexico, and Central America. Using single-stranded conformation polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing techniques, 11 DQA exon 2 alleles were detected among 180 S. hispidus from Caddo County, Oklahoma, USA. The alleles represent a single locus exhibiting a high level of polymorphism. Nucleotide and amino acid distance values among DQA alleles of S. hispidus were higher than those within Mus musculus and species of Rattus. Although the distribution of polymorphic amino acid residues among alleles of S. hispidus was similiar to that of Mus and Rattus, some residues of the α-helix region were more variable in S. hispidus. Comparisons of nonsynonymous and synonymous substitutions indicated a trend toward higher numbers of nonsynonymous substitutions; however, this difference was not significant statistically among S. hispidus alleles. To examine evolution of DQA alleleswithin Muridae, we performed a phylogenetic analysis that included DQA alleles from S. hispidus, Peromyscus leucopus, M. musculus, R. norvegicus, and six Australian species of Rattus. Results depicted monophyly for each genus, and this concordance between species and gene trees represents a lack of evidence for trans-species persistence of alleles among these genera.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510050569
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatially Dependent Kinetics of Electrons and Excited Atoms in the Column Plasma of a He–Xe dc Discharge (1999)
    Springer
    Plasma chemistry and plasma processing 19 (1999), S. 255-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8986
    Keywords: Space-dependent Boltzmann equation ; electron velocity distribution function ; positive column ; dc glow discharge
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The radially varying kinetics of electrons and excited atoms in the cylindrical axially homogeneous positive column of a dc glow discharge in a gas mixture of helium and 2% xenon was studied. The experimental investigations comprise the radially resolved measurements of the isotropic part of the electron velocity distribution function (EVDF) using a single-probe technique and of the densities of atoms in the lower excited states by using a laser diode absorption method. The theoretical investigations are based on the solution of the space-dependent kinetic equation for the EVDF and the balance equations of excited gas atoms. Besides a strict solution, various simplified treatments of the electron kinetics as the conventional homogeneous approach and the nonlocal approach have been applied. The electron kinetic behavior in the helium–xenon column plasma changes remarkably with increasing helium gas pressure from a distinctly nonlocal behavior at a low pressure of 100 Pa to a nearly local behavior at a medium pressure of 600 Pa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1021647810108
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