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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1997-06-01
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1997-05-01
    Print ISSN: 1050-2947
    Electronic ISSN: 1094-1622
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 45 (1995), S. 239-244 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: cellulase ; newsprint ; deinking sludge ; surfactant ; hydrolysis ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Disposal of sludge from deinking mills represents a significant proportion of operating costs. Bioconversion of the cellulosic fraction of deinking sludge (DIS) to ethanol greatly reduces disposal costs while producing an environmentally friendly fuel. In this study, the cellulosic fraction of newsprint and deinking sludge was hydrolysed to produce fermentable sugars. For newsprint, a particle size of 1 to 1.5 mm provided optimal reaction rates in batch reactors over practical hydrolysis times, and reducing sugar concentrations as high as 35 g/L could be achieved using a fed-batch reactor configuration. For both newsprint and DIS, the hydrolysis rate increased nonlinearly with enzyme loading. Tween-80 only marginally improved sugar production but was able to release sugars from cellulosic substrates in the absence of lytic enzymes, in an amount proportional to the surfactant concentration and the substrate particle size. DIS was relatively recalcitrant to enzymatic hydrolysis, possibly due in part to inhibition by hydrophobic constituents. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 49 (1996), S. 504-511 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: cellulose ; cellulase ; simultaneous saccharification and extractive fermentation ; ethanol ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Alcohol fermentation has traditionally been carried out in aqueous environments because of the ready solubility of reactant (sugar) and product (ethanol). However, extraction of the product ethanol into a nonmiscible phase can result in kinetic benefits due to reduced inhibition of the fermentation reactions. In this study, we report the development of a novel simultaneous saccharification and extractive fermentation (SSEF) process. Ethanol productivity was increased by up to 65% over conventional (nonextractive) fed-batch simultaneous saccharification systems when calculated on the basis of aqueous phase volume. The amount of water required for SSEF reactions was dramatically reduced from that required for conventional SSF. In batch SSEF reactors with 2.5% aqueous phase, 50% conversion of 25% (aqueous phase concentration) Solka Floc could be achieved in 48 h using 2 FPU/g cellulase. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 53 (1997), S. 443-452 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: fermentation ; database mining ; pattern recognition ; dbminer© ; decision trees ; wavelets ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A large volume of data is routinely collected during the course of typical fermentation and other processes. Such data provide the required basis for process documentation and occasionally are also used for process analysis and improvement. The information density of these data is often low, and automatic condensing, analysis, and interpretation (“database mining”) are highly desirable. In this article we present a methodology whereby process variables are processed to create a database of derivative process quantities representative of the global patterns, intermediate trends, and local characteristics of the process. A powerful search algorithm subsequently attempts to extract the specific process variables and their particular attributes that uniquely characterize a class of process outcomes such as high- or low-yield fermentations.The basic components of our pattern recognition methodology are described along with applications to the analysis of two sets of data from industrial fermentations. Results indicate that truly discriminating variables do exist in typical fermentation data and they can be useful in identifying the causes or symptoms of different process outcomes. The methodology has been implemented in a user-friendly software, named db-miner, which facilitates the application of the methodology for efficient and speedy analysis of fermentation process data. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 53: 443-452, 1997.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Ishikawa cells ; endometrium ; biotin ; multinucleated cells ; predomes ; domes ; pinopods ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Human Ishikawa endometrial cells form domes when confluent monolayers are stimulated with fresh fetal bovine serum. Extensive structural and biochemical changes have been detected during the approximately 30 h differentiation period. The earliest detectable change involves the formation of multinucleated structures and the appearance of “granules” that stain for biotin within those structures. Nuclei become associated with each other and are ultimately enclosed within a biotin-containing membrane. Aggregated membrane-sheathed nuclei and the cells containing them begin to elevate from the dish as biotin staining becomes apparent in apical membranes. The elevated structures are called predomes and consist of one or more very large cells containing the sheathed nuclei. Apical membranes of these unusual cells extend far out into the medium in structures that resemble endometrial pinopods. A lumen under the elevated cells fills with transcytosed fluid. As differentiation proceeds, highly concentrated chromatin material that was flattened against apical and lateral membranes of the predome cells begins to disperse. Small mononuclear cells evolve from larger predome cells. Apical membranes of predome and dome cells continue to stain for biotin. Gel electrophoresis of SDS-solubilized biotin-containing membranes, followed by Western blot analysis using avidin-linked peroxidase, resulted in three stained bands with molecular weights similar to those of the mitochondrial carboxylases: propionyl carboxylase, methylmalonyl carboxylase, and pyruvate carboxylase. J. Cell. Biochem. 71:400-415, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Numerical Linear Algebra with Applications 3 (1996), S. 275-300 
    ISSN: 1070-5325
    Keywords: sparse QR factorization ; multifrontal method ; parallelism ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: We describe the design and implementation of a parallel QR decomposition algorithm for a large sparse matrix A. The algorithm is based on the multifrontal approach and makes use of Householder transformations. The tasks are distributed among processors according to an assembly tree which is built from the symbolic factorization of the matrix ATA.We first address uniprocessor issues and then discuss the multiprocessor implementation of the method. We consider the parallelization of both the factorization phase and the solve phase. We use relaxation of the sparsity structure of both the original matrix and the frontal matrices to improve the performance. We show that, in this case, the use of Level 3 BLAS can lead to very significant gains in performance. We use the eight processor Alliant˜FX/80 at CERFACS to illustrate our discussion.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 42 (1998), S. 127-143 
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: unsymmetric sparse matrices ; frontal solver ; direct methods ; finite elements ; BLAS ; computational kernels ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: We consider the implementation of a frontal code for the solution of large sparse unsymmetric linear systems on a high-performance computer where data must be in the cache before arithmetic operations can be performed on it. In particular, we show how we can modify the frontal solution algorithm to enhance the proportion of arithmetic operations performed using Level 3 BLAS thus enabling better reuse of data in the cache. We illustrate the effects of this on Silicon Graphics Power Challenge machines using problems which arise in real engineering and industrial applications. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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