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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic variation detected by DNA fingerprinting with a rice minisatellite probe in Oryza sativa L. (1995)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 91 (1995), S. 481-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Rice ; Oryza sativa ; DNA fingerprinting ; Minisatellites
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A rice minisatellite probe detecting DNA fingerprints was used to assess genetic variation in cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.). Fifty-seven cultivars of rice, including 40 closely related cultivars released in the US, were studied. Rice DNA fingerprinting revealed high levels of polymorphism among distantly related cultivars. The variability of fingerprinting pattern was reduced in the closely related cultivars. A genetic similarity index (S) was computed based on shared fragments between each pair of cultivars, and genetic distance (D) was used to construct the dendrograms depicting genetic relationships among rice cultivars. Cluster analysis of genetic distance tended to group rice cultivars into different units corresponding with their varietal types and breeding pedigrees. However, by comparison with the coefficients of parentage, the criterion of relatedness based on DNA fingerprints appeared to overestimate the genetic relationships between some of the closely related US cultivars. Although this may reduce the power of fingerprints for genetic analysis, we were able to demonstrate that DNA fingerprinting with minisatellite sequences is simpler and more sensitive than most other types of marker systems in detecting genetic variation in rice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00222977
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecularmarker diversity and hybrid sterility in indica-japonica rice crosses (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 112-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Diallel cross ; Hybrid rice ; Oryza sativa ; Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) ; Simple sequence repeat (SSR)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The partial sterility of hybrids between the indica and japonica rice subspecies of Asian cultivated rice is a serious constraint for utilizing inter-subspecific heterosis in hybrid rice breeding. In this study, we have investigated the relationship between molecular-marker polymorphism and indica-japonica hybrid fertility using a diallel set involving 20 rice accessions including 9 indica and 11 japonica varieties. Spikelet fertility of the resulting 190 F1s and their parents was examined in a replicated field trial. Intra-subspecific hybrids showed much higher spikelet fertility than inter-subspecific hybrids except in crosses involving wide-compatibility varieties. The parents were surveyed for DNA polymorphism using 96 RFLP and ten SSR markers, which revealed extensive genetic differentiation between indica and japonica varieties. A large number of markers detected highly significant effects on hybrid fertility. The chromosomal locations for many of the positive markers coincided well with previously identified loci for hybrid sterility. The correlation between hybrid fertility and parental distance was low in both intra- and inter-subspecific crosses. The results suggest that the genetic basis of indica-japonica hybrid sterility is complex. It is the qualitative, rather than the quantitative, difference between the parents that determines the fertility of hybrids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050538
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PCR primed with minisatellite core sequences yields DNA fingerprinting probes in wheat (1997)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 95 (1997), S. 276-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words PCR ; Minisatellite ; DNA fingerprinting ; Wheat ; Triticale
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Four minisatellite core sequences were used as primers in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, known as the directed amplification of minisatellite-region DNA (DAMD), to detect polymorphisms in three pairs of hexaploid/tetraploid wheat cultivars. In each pair, the tetraploid cultivar (genomic formula AABB) was extracted from its corresponding hexaploid (genomic formula AABBDD) parent. Reproducible profiles of the amplified products revealed characteristic bands that were present only in the hexaploid wheats but not in their extracted tetraploids. Some polymorphisms were observed among the hexaploid cultivars. Twenty-three DAMD-PCR amplified fragments were isolated and screened as molecular probes on the genomic DNA of wild wheat species, hexaploid wheat and triticale cultivars. Subsequently, 8 of the fragments were cloned and sequenced. The DAMD-PCR clones revealed various degrees of polymorphism among different wild and cultivated wheats. Two clones yielded individual-specific DNA fingerprinting patterns which could be used for species differentiation and cultivar identification. The results demonstrated the use of DAMD-PCR as a tool for the isolation of informative molecular probes for DNA fingerprinting in wheat cultivars and species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050560
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Confuciusornis sanctus Compared to Archaeopteryx lithographica (1998)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 85 (1998), S. 286-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001140050501
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stratigraphy of the Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary strata in the Tethyan Himalayas of Tibet (Tingri area, China) (1996)
    Springer
    Geologische Rundschau 85 (1996), S. 723-754 
    Details
    ISSN: 0016-7835
    Keywords: Key words Biostratigraphy ; Lower Tertiary ; Indian shelf ; Upper Cretaceous ; Foraminifers ; Lithostratigraphy ; Passive continental margin ; Tethys Himalaya ; Tibet
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  The 1500-m-thick marine strata of the Tethys Himalaya of the Zhepure Mountain (Tingri, Tibet) comprise the Upper Albian to Eocene and represent the sedimentary development of the passive northern continental margin of the Indian plate. Investigations of foraminifera have led to a detailed biozonation which is compared with the west Tethyan record. Five stratigraphic units can be distinguished: The Gamba group (Upper Albian – Lower Santonian) represents the development from a basin and slope to an outer-shelf environment. In the following Zhepure Shanbei formation (Lower Santonian – Middle Maastrichtian), outer-shelf deposits continue. Pebbles in the top layers point to beginning redeposition on a continental slope. Intensified redeposition continues within the Zhepure Shanpo formation (Middle Maastrichtian – Lower Paleocene). The series is capped by sandstones of the Jidula formation (Danian) deposited from a seaward prograding delta plain. The overall succession of these units represents a sea-level high at the Cenomanian/Turonian boundary followed, from the Turonian to Danian, by an overall shallowing-upward megasequence. This is followed by a final transgression – regression cycle during the Paleocene and Eocene, documented in the Zhepure Shan formation (?Upper Danian – Lutetian) and by Upper Eocene continental deposits. The section represents the narrowing and closure of the Tethys as a result of the convergence between northward-drifting India and Eurasia. The plate collision started in the Lower Maastrichtian and caused rapid changes in sedimentation patterns affected by tectonic subsidence and uplift. Stronger subsidence and deposition took place from the Middle Maastrichtian to the Lower Paleocene. The final closure of remnant Tethys in the Tingri area took place in the Lutetian.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005310050108
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A complex glutathione transferase gene family in the housefly Musca domestica (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 256 (1997), S. 187-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Housefly ; Glutathione S-transferase ; Gene fusion ; Multigene family ; Organophosphate Insecticide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In most metazoans, the glutathione S-transferases (GST) are encoded by gene families, and are used to detoxify xenobiotics. We describe the structure of genomic loci coding for the GSTs in the housefly that have been implicated, by both genetic and biochemical means, in mediating insecticide resistance. In earlier work, we showed that one of the theta-class enzymes, MdGST-3, is overproduced in resistant flies and degrades certain insecticides. We used a fragment from a cDNA clone of MdGST-3 as a probe to screen a housefly genomic DNA bank in phage λ. This probe detected multiple gst loci. Genes for GSTs were found in five different, nonoverlapping λ clones, three of which carry multiple, closely linked gsts. Multiple genes for both MdGST-3 and MdGST-4 were found; some of which have introns in their 5′ untranslated regions. In adults, the only MdGST-3 enzymes that are expressed are encoded by the intron-free genes. A new theta-class GST (called MdGST-5) was also discovered. Fusion genes comprising 5′ MdGST-3 sequences and either MdGST-4 or MdGST-5 sequences in their 3′ halves were encountered at three separate loci. The genes described here are found in both the ancestral sensitive strain and the insecticide-resistant strains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380050560
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrodeposition of copper on thermally oxidized 316 L stainless steel substrates (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 28 (1998), S. 461-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: copper deposition ; electrocrystallization ; thermally treated stainless steel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The effect of thermal oxidation of 316 L stainless steel cathode blanks used in copper electrodeposition was studied. Current and potential step experiments were performed to evaluate electrochemical changes caused by the oxidation treatments. SEM and AES were used to characterize the stainless steel substrates and the deposited copper films. Particular emphasis was given to the initial stages of copper nucleation and growth. The copper electrocrystallization process was strongly influenced by the temperature employed in oxidizing the stainless steel. Dense, uniform and fine copper nuclei were obtained on the stainless steel substrate oxidized in air at 200°C and 300°C for 3h. The copper nucleation density and uniformity decreased considerably on substrates treated at 500°C and 600°C. Attempts were made to identify changes in the mechanism of copper nucleation on the various oxidized stainless steel substrates using models developed by Thirsk and Harrison.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003209009910
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiway Decision Graphs for Automated Hardware Verification (1997)
    Springer
    Formal methods in system design 10 (1997), S. 7-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8102
    Keywords: multiway decision graphs ; binary decision diagrams ; automated hardware verification ; state machine verification ; reachability analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Traditional ROBDD-based methods of automated verification suffer from the drawback that they require a binary representation of the circuit. To overcome this limitation we propose a broader class of decision graphs, called Multiway Decision Graphs (MDGs), of which ROBDDs are a special case. With MDGs, a data value is represented by a single variable of abstract type, rather than by 32 or 64 boolean variables, and a data operation is represented by an uninterpreted function symbol. MDGs are thus much more compact than ROBDDs, and this greatly increases the range of circuits that can be verified. We give algorithms for MDG manipulation, and for implicit state enumeration using MDGs. We have implemented an MDG package and provide experimental results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008663530211
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production and properties of a cellobiose-oxidizing enzyme from a newly isolatedcellulolytic bacterium Cytophaga sp. LX-7 (1997)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 13 (1997), S. 683-688 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: C ellobiose-oxidizing enzyme ; Cytophaga sp ; optimization ; production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract A cell-bound cellobiose-oxidizing enzyme was produced by cellulolytic Cytophaga sp. LX-7. It was found that both the cellulosic substrates and the soluble carbohydrate substrates tested promoted the production of the cellobiose-oxidizing enzyme, and the highest specific activities were obtained with cellulose powder MN300, carboxy- methylcellulose CM22, maltose and cellobiose. Among the nitrogen sources examined, peptone gave the best cellobiose-oxidizing enzyme production, whereas inorganic nitrogen sources gave very poor growth. The medium buffered with Tris/HCl, pH 7.1, yielded the highest levels of cellobiose-oxidizing enzyme activity and the temperature optimum for crude enzyme activity was 40°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018527106547
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analysis of hybrid sterility in rice using a diallel cross of 21 parents involving indica, japonica and wide compatibility varieties (1996)
    Springer
    Euphytica 90 (1996), S. 275-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Oryza sativa ; inter-varietal cross ; spikelet fertility ; genetic basis ; rice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary There is much interest in the inter-varietal fertility of Asian cultivated rice. In this study, we analyzed the fertility of hybrids in a diallel set of 210 crosses involving 21 parents representing a broad range of the cultivated rice germplasm including landraces, primitive cultivars, modern elite cultivars and parents of hybrid rice. The materials were also carefully selected with respect to indica-japonica classification including typical indica/japonica, more or less intermediate and wide compatibility varieties. The level of hybrid fertility varied widely among the crosses from almost completely sterile to fully fertile. In general, hybrid fertility of intra-subspecific crosses, i.e., indica by indica (I×I) and japonica by japonica (J×J), is much higher than inter-subspecific crosses (I×J or J×I). The fertility varied widely in hybrids involving wide compatibility varieties and also in inter-subspecific crosses not involving wide compatibility varieties. An analysis of variance showed that both the main effects of indica and japonica parents and the interaction between the parents are highly significant in determining hybrid fertility. We speculate that, in addition to wide compatibility, the overall genetic difference between the indica and japonica parents, that may involve a series of minor mutations, play an important role in determining the hybrid fertility. There are also genes of sizable effect that influence fertility in hybrids resulting from specific combinations of the parents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00027476
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