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  • Engineering General  (57)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (56)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (113)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • Springer Nature
  • 1995-1999  (113)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unified and mixed formulation of the 4-node quadrilateral elements by assumed strain method: Application to thermomechanical problems (1995)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 685-716 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: hourglass and locking control ; large strains ; thermomechanical coupling ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper, a class of ‘assumed strain’ mixed finite element methods based on the Hu-Washizu variational principle is presented. Special care is taken to avoid hourglass modes and shear locking as well as volumetric locking. An unified framework for the 4-node quadrilateral solid and thermal as well as thermomechanical coupling elements with uniform reduced integration (URI) and selective numerical integration (SI) schemes is developed. The approach is simply implemented by a small change of the standard technique and is applicable to arbitrary non-linear constitutive laws including isotropic and anisotropic material behaviours. The implementation of the proposed SI elements is straightforward, while the development of the proposed URI elements requires ‘anti-hourglass stresses’ which are evaluated by classical constitutive equations. Several numerical examples are given to demonstrate the performance of the suggested formulation, including static/dynamic mechanical problems, heat conduction and thermomechanical problems.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620380411
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transmission EELS of oxide superconductors with a cold field emission TEM (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 30 (1995), S. 208-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Superconductors ; Electron energy loss spectrometry ; Transmission electron microscope ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Electron energy loss spectrometry (EELS) with a cold field emission gun (cFEG) transmission electron microscope (TEM) is implemented to analyze the evolution of the electronic structure and dielectric function of oxide superconductors. The O-K core loss spectra of p-type doped oxide superconductors are analyzed in terms of holes formation on oxygen sites, while low loss spectra are analyzed for free carrier plasmas, other spectral excitations, and their crystallographic confinement.It is illustrated that the transmission EELS with a cFEG TEM very much complement soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy and optical spectroscopy, with the added advantages of high spatial resolution (∼1-100 nm), and is compatible with other analytical, diffraction, and imaging techniques, which are readily available in a cFEG TEM. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070300303
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of rabbit sperm acrosomal enzymes by gossypol (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 40 (1995), S. 228-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Gossypol ; Sperm ; Acrosomal enzymes ; Rabbit ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effect of gossypol on the activities of 10 acrosomal enzymes of the rabbit sperm was evaluated. Acrosin, Azocoll proteinase, neuraminidase, and arylsulfatase were significantly inhibited or completely inactivated by 12-76 μM gossypol. Hyaluronidase, β-glucuronidase, and acid phosphatase were inhibited only at a higher concentration of gossypol (380 μM). Phospholipase C, alkaline phosphatase, and β-N-Acetyl glucosaminidase were not inhibited even at 380 μM gossypol. Gossypol was found to be a noncompetitive inhibitor of arylsulfatase with a Ki of 120 μM. The inhibition was reversible and dose-dependent. As the acrosomal enzymes were more sensitive to the inhibition by gossypol compared to sperm enzymes involved in glycolysis or energy production, these assays may serve as a more reliable indicator for monitoring the occurence of gossypol-induced sterility. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080400212
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NUMERICAL ALGORITHMS FOR SOLUTIONS OF LARGE EIGENVALUE PROBLEMS IN PIEZOELECTRIC RESONATORS (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 39 (1996), S. 909-922 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: piezoelectric resonators ; numerical algorithms ; largescale eigenvalue problems ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Two algorithms for eigenvalue problems in piezoelectric finite element analyses are introduced. The first algorithm involves the use of Lanczos method with a new matrix storage scheme, while the second algorithm uses a Rayleigh quotient iteration scheme. In both solution methods, schemes are implemented to reduce storage requirements and solution time. Both solution methods also seek to preserve the sparsity structure of the stiffness matrix to realize major savings in memory.In the Lanczos method with the new storage scheme, the bandwidth of the stiffness matrix is optimized by mixing the electrical degree of freedom with the mechanical degrees of freedom. The unique structural pattern of the consistent mass matrix is exploited to reduce storage requirements. These major reductions in memory requirements for both the stiffness and mass matrices also provided large savings in computational time. In the Rayleigh quotient iteration method, an algorithm for generating good initial eigenpairs is employed to improve its overall convergence rate, and its convergence stability in the regions of closely spaced eigenvalues and repeated eigenvalues. The initial eigenvectors are obtained by interpolation from a coarse mesh. In order for this multi-mesh iterative method to be effective, an eigenvector of interest in the fine mesh must resemble an eigenvector in the coarse mesh. Hence, the method is effective for finding the set of eigenpairs in the low-frequency range, while the Lanczos method with a mixed electromechanical matrix can be used for any frequency range. Results of example problems are presented to show the savings in solution time and storage requirements of the proposed algorithms when compared with the existing algorithms in the literature.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A SIMPLE AND EFFICIENT MIXED FINITE ELEMENT FOR AXISYMMETRIC SHELL ANALYSIS (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 39 (1996), S. 1903-1914 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: axisymmetric shell ; mixed finite element ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: An efficient, perhaps simplest, three-noded mixed finite element is proposed for axisymmetric shell analysis. The key feature in the present formulation is to start with a better variational principle in which the independent unknowns are only the quantities that can be prescribed at the shell edges. If the consistency for field approximations is satisfied, no other numerical consideration is necessary in the present element. Several examples confirm the satisfactory numerical behaviour of the present mixed element.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SOLID ELEMENTS WITH ROTATIONAL DOFs BY EXPLICIT HYBRID STABILIZATION (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 39 (1996), S. 2987-3005 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: rotation ; finite element ; hexahedral ; hybrid/mixed ; stabilization ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Two brick elements equipped with Allman's rotation are presented. Strain energy of both elements is sub-integrated by the second order quadrature which gives rise to the hourglass mechanisms. Inasmuch as Allman's rotation is employed, the elements are also plagued by the equal-rotation mechanisms. Variational functional containing independently assumed stress, displacement and rotation is employed to formulate the stabilization devices for the elements. Computational cost of the elements is reduced by incorporating the explicit hybrid stabilization technique. Popular numerical benchmarks are studied and the present elements are found to be competitive to other state-of-the-art elements.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pulsed magnetic field from video display terminals enhances teratogenic effects of cytosine arabinoside in mice (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 16 (1995), S. 70-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: video display terminals ; embryogenesis ; teratology ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Eighty-nine Swiss Webster mice were randomly divided into four groups: a control group, a pulsed magnetic field (PMF) group, a cytosine arabinoside (ara-C, a teratogen) group, and, a combined PMF + ara-C group. Mice in the PMF and PMF + ara-C groups were irradiated with a PMF (a sawtooth waveform with 52 μs rise time, 12 μs decay time, and 15.6 kHz frequency) at a peak magnetic flux density of 40 μT for 4 hours daily on days 6-17 of gestation. The mice in the ara-C and the PMF + ara-C groups were injected intraperitoneally on day 9 of gestation with 10 mg/kg of ara-C. The incidence of resorption and dead fetuses was not affected by PMF but was increased by ara-C injection. The malformation incidence of cleft palate (CP) and/or cleft lip (CL) was significantly higher in all three of the treated groups than in the control group (P 〈 0.05). If, however, statistical analyses had been done on litters rather than on individual fetuses, they would show that the incidence of CP and/or CL in the PMF group is not significantly greater than that in the control group. A significantly higher incidence of CP and/or CL was found in the PMF + ara-C group (49%) than the ara-C alone group (26.1%). These data suggest that PMF might enhance the development of ara-C-induced CP and/or CL. The incidence of minor variations in skeletal development, including reduction of skeletal calcification and loss of skeleton, was not statistically significant in the PMF group. However, it was higher in the two ara-C-treated groups, and there was no significant difference between the ara-C alone group and the ara-C + PMF group. From these results it is concluded that the very weak embryotoxic effects of PMF exposure may be revealed and enhanced in combination with a teratogenic agent. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250160113
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extrusion of rotating microtubules on the dynein-track from a microtubule-dynein γ-complex (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 30 (1995), S. 17-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: rotation ; twisting ; microtubule-dynein complex ; 22S dynein ; dynein-track ; ATP ; sliding ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Applying a new in vitro motility assay system for microtubules and 22S dynein, we recently reported on an ATP-induced extrusion of microtubules from microtubule-dynein α- and β-complexes [Mimori and Miki-Noumura, 1994:Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 27:180-191]. In the present study, we prepared a γ-complex by copolymerizing porcine brain tubulin and Tetrahymena ciliary 22S dynein, and examined the ATP-induced microtubule movement from the γ-complex. The extrusion process appeared quite similar to that of the β-complex. The sliding velocity was 18.39 ± 2.20 m̈m/sec, which was a value comparable to that of trypsin-digested flagellar axonemes [Yano and Miki-Noumura, 1980:J. Cell Sci. 44:169-186]. Higher velocity may be due to a densely arranged dynein-track with the same polarity, which was detached from the γ-complex and absorbed in rows on a glass surface of the slide. Sometimes a free-floating microtubule in the perfusion chamber was observed riding and sliding on the dynein-track remaining on the slide after extrusion.Unexpectedly, we found that when the front part of the microtubule was fixed to a glass surface, a continuous sliding microtubule at the rear part on the dyneintrack often transformed into a left-handed helix, and subsequently a twisted helix with several turns. The helix formation may be due to some rigidity in the microtubule and a right-handed torque component in the sliding force of 22S dynein. The addition of ATP may release some distortion accumulated in the complex structure during copolymerization of tubulin and 22S dynein, inducing reverse rotation of the microtubule. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970300104
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solution of the differential Riccati equation using the transmission line modelling (TLM) technique (1995)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 11 (1995), S. 25-32 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: Riccati equation ; transmission line modelling ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this communication, the application of the transmission line modelling (TLM) technique to the solution of the differential Riccati equation is described. A comparison is made between the TLM, fourth-order Runge-Kutta and the first-order Gear methods, for the case where one is applying the Kalman filter to the estimation of a voltage in a passive analogue circuit. In the particular example studied, the state equation is second-order. It is found that, when the system is underdamped, the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method has the best performance, followed by the TLM method. When the system is overdamped and stiff, the TLM method yields results that are closest to the analytical solution. Finally, a discussion is presented of the effects of errors in the TLM solution of the Riccati equation on the accuracy of the solution to the continuous Kalman filter estimation equation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1640110105
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vibration of continuous beams using modified beam vibration functions (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1996), S. 107-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: beam ; vibration ; trial functions ; Ritz method ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Free vibration of beams with intermediate point supports is studied by the classical Ritz method within the context of Euler beam theory. For the Ritz method, the displacement of a beam is approximated by a set of admissible trial functions which must satisfy the kinematic conditions at the ends and intermediate supports of the beam. To this end, a polynomial is superimposed on the conventional single-span beam vibration functions to form continuous-span or modified beam vibration functions. These modified beam functions are taken as the admissible trial functions for subsequent formulation. Stiffness and mass matrices are formulated using the conventional procedure and the resulting linear eigen-equation can be solved easily. A number of numerical examples are given to demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the present method.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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