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  • Engineering General  (57)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (56)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (113)
  • American Institute of Physics
  • Springer Nature
  • 1995-1999  (113)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solution of edge crack problem by using a novel weight function formulation (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1996), S. 497-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: weight function approach ; edge crack problem ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A fundamental field for the edge crack problem is suggested, and the field is composed of the singular displacement field and the complementary regular field. The boundary displacement of the fundamental field plays the role of the weight function in the edge crack problem. After multiplying the boundary traction in the physical problem with the weight function and performing integration along the boundary, the stress intensity factor at the crack tip is obtainable. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the use of the suggested weight function approach.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Penalty-equilibrating approach and an innovative formulation of 4-noded hybrid stress elements (1996)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 12 (1996), S. 707-717 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: hybrid element ; shear locking ; penalty-equilibrating approach ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The paper presents a penalty-equilibrating approach which is used to enforce the equilibrium constraints to individual hybrid elements so as to optimize the element performance. The approach has been applied successfully to improve the 4-noded hybrid stress membrane element (P-S) by Pian and Sumihara. It turns out that some defects of the P-S element, e.g. the shear locking phenomenon and the inability to pass the MacNeal's bending test, can be overcome and the element performance is significantly improved, without having to add any extra variables to the P-S element or to modify its stress fields.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elimination of spurious pressure and kinematic modes in biquadratic nine-node plane element (1995)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 38 (1995), S. 3911-3932 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: spurious mechanism ; spurious pressure ; hybrid element ; stabilization ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In two-dimensional penalty finite element analysis of incompressible materials, Q9/3P, the 9-node quadrilateral with three assumed quasi-pressure modes, is the most popular element not bothered by spurious pressure. In constructing the penalty matrix of Q9/3P, it is necessary to form a 3×18 matrix and a 3×3 symmetric matrix. The inverse of the symmetric matrix is then post- and pre-multiplied by the 3×18 matrix and its transpose, respectively. By employing a rank subtraction technique, a new and more efficient implementation scheme is devised for the penalty matrix. Same as the conventional Q9 element, when Q9/3P is fully integrated, it becomes expensive and too stiff. On the other hand, there are two spurious kinematic modes should the element be sub-integrated. In the proposed Q9/3P element, the two mechanisms will be annihilated by judiciously chosen higher-order assumed stress modes in conjunction with a modified Hellinger-Reissner functional. It will be demonstrated that the element is of good accuracy and high efficiency.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620382302
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FORMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL VERIFICATION OF A PNEUMATIC FINITE ELEMENT (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 39 (1996), S. 1097-1114 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: finite elements ; pneumatics ; air springs ; containers ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Many engineering structures completely surround and enclose gas filled volumes. The enclosed gas adds additional stiffness to the surrounding structure. This paper shows how to account for this effect by means of an augmented virtual work principle. The additional term augmenting the virtual work equilibrium statement for the structure is the virtual boundary work done by the pressure of the enclosed gas. The augmented equations are discretized using standard finite element methods, and the additional terms are discussed. The resulting ‘pneumatic’ finite element is shown to be analogous to regular structural finite elements. To assess the accuracy and efficiency and also to illustrate the applicability of the present formulation, a series of four examples was selected. In two of the examples, the behaviour of the end cap of a partially filled plastic food product container is studied. The numerical results using the pneumatic element compare well with an alternative Rayleigh-Ritz solution of the end cap behaviour. The other two examples represent the behaviour of a double bellows air spring shock absorber under static isothermal and dynamic adiabatic conditions. For the static isothermal case, an experimental study was performed with results in good agreement with the pneumatic element solutions. For the dynamic adiabatic loading case, the dynamic stiffness of the air spring was predicted using the pneumatic element. The numerical results agree with experimental data published in an air spring application guide. The examples illustrate that the pneumatic element formulation can be applied to the large deflection analysis of structures that enclose gas filled volumes.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HIGH-PERFORMANCE PCG SOLVERS FOR FEM STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 39 (1996), S. 1313-1340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: iterative methods for linear systems ; preconditioning ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: The preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm is a well-known and powerful method used to solve large sparse symmetric positive definite linear systems. Such systems are generated by the finite element discretization in structural analysis but users of finite elements in this context generally still rely on direct methods. It is our purpose in the present work to highlight the improvement brought forward by some new preconditioning techniques and show that the preconditioned conjugate gradient method performs better than efficient direct methods.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    HIGH-ORDER ELEMENT FOR PREBUCKLING AND BUCKLING ANALYSIS OF LAMINATED PLANE FRAMES (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 39 (1996), S. 2155-2168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: buckling ; composite laminated structures ; high-order element ; locking ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A new high-order element for prebuckling and buckling of any laminated plane frame is developed. The kinematic approach involves a variety of high-order models with different powers of the thickness co-ordinate, and the derived stiffness matrix is based on a special power series, without a numerical process. It yields an exact formulation for high-order (first) models and improved formulations for higher-order (second and third) ones. A parametric study of the ‘locking’ phenomenon and the shear deformation effects was carried out for isotropic and laminated structures. It was found that the first-order model with an appropriate shear correction factor yielded results close to its higher-order counterparts.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ELASTOHYDRODYNAMIC LUBRICATION ANALYSIS OF LAYERED LINE CONTACT BY THE BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 39 (1996), S. 2531-2554 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: boundary element method ; elastohydrodynamic lubrication ; layered contact ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a numerical routine to compute the contact characteristics of elastomer layered cylinders lubricated by isoviscous liquids. The indentation of the elastic layer is calculated from boundary integral equations which are solved by linear and quadratic boundary element methods for a finite plane model and a circular representation of the junction. The hydrodynamic equation is also transformed into a boundary integral equation and solved by Simpson's rule. Some factors which possibly affect numerical accuracy are examined. Examples for finite plane and circular layer are analysed with reference to parameters for printing press roller contact, in which results are obtained for the indentation, film thickness and liquid pressure, as well as internal stresses through the simultaneous solution of the elasticity and hydrodynamic equations. The results show that high precision is easily achieved and the method is efficient for such layered problems.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE COMPUTATION OF WAVELET-GALERKIN APPROXIMATION ON A BOUNDED INTERVAL (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 39 (1996), S. 2921-2944 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: wavelet orthogonal bases ; wavelet-Galerkin method ; Burgers' equation ; numerical method ; approximation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper describes exact evaluations of various finite integrals whose integrands involve products of Daubechies' compactly supported wavelets and their derivatives and/or integrals. These finite integrals play an essential role in the wavelet-Galerkin approximation of differential or integral equations on a bounded interval.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
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    FREQUENCY-INDEPENDENT INFINITE ELEMENTS FOR ANALYSING SEMI-INFINITE PROBLEMS (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 39 (1996), S. 3553-3569 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: finite/infinite element method ; infinite element ; semi-infinite problem ; soil-structure interaction ; wave propagation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Two drawbacks exist with the infinite elements used for simulating the unbounded domains of semi-infinite problems. The first is the lack of an adequate measure for calculating the decay parameter. The second is the frequency-dependent characteristic of the finite/infinite element mesh used for deriving the impedance matrices. Based on the properties of wave propagation, a scheme is proposed in this paper for evaluating the decay parameter. In addition, it is shown that by the method of dynamic condensation, the far-field impedance matrices for waves of lower frequencies can be obtained repetitively from the one for waves of the highest frequency, using exactly the same finite/infinite element mesh. Such an approach ensures that accuracy of the same degree can be maintained for waves of all frequencies within the range of consideration. Effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated in the numerical examples through comparison with previous results.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening for ovarian cancer: What are the optimal surrogate endpoints for clinical trials? (1995)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 59 (1995), S. 227-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Color doppler imaging ; HER-2/neu oncogene ; ovarian cancer screening ; ultrasound ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The inability to identify relevant markers for presymptomatic screening in early stage or “preinvasive” ovarian cancer had plagued investigators and clinicians facing the problems of early detection. The characteristic late stage of disease at initial presentation has hindered our understanding of the biologic progression and stepwise molecular alterations that result in ovarian carcinoma. To date, most screening studies have focused on identifying early anatomic changes using ultrasound or fluctuations in serum biomarkers such as CA-125. These screening methodologies have proven inadequate in both sensitivity and specificity for early stage ovarian cancer detection.Molecular analysis of ovarian carcinomas has revealed alterations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes associated with these tumors. The HER-2/neu oncogene, a member of the epidermal growth factor family, is amplified or overexpressed in approximately 25-30% of ovarian carcinomas. Significant data substantiate an important role for HER-2/neu in the pathophysiology of ovarian cancer. While potentially an attractive surrogate endpoint biomarker (SEB), serum HER-2/neu levels have not proven to be a useful screening modality.In response to the urgent need for improved early detection for ovarian cancer, our current research efforts include differential hybridization studies between normal and malignant ovarian epithelium to define potentially unique ovarian cancer antigens which may ultimately have clinical utility; defining physical alterations that occur in malignant ovarian tissues using implanted telemetry systems; studies using positron emission tomography to detect changes in glucose metabolism between normal and malignant ovarian tissues; and screening studies using a 3-dimensional ultarsound unit to improve the accuracy of this technique in recognizing early neoplastic changes. By taking diverse approaches to tackle this problem, an improved understanding of ovarian carcinogenesis should translate into the identification of appropriate SEBs for early detection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240590931
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