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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solvent extraction and spectrophotometric including graphite furnace atomic absorption determination of molybdenum in the environment (1996)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 122 (1996), S. 259-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: molybdenum ; AAS ; solvent extraction of Mo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A selective and sensitive method for the extraction and microgram determination of molybdenum (VI) with hydroxamic acid as yellow molybdenum-hydroxamate complex from acidic medium is described. The molybdenum-PCPPSAHA complex has λmax 388 nm, molar absorptivity 5.0 × 103l mol−1 cm−1. The system obeys Beer's law in the range of 1–28 μg/ml of molybdenum(VI). Sandell's sensitivity is 0.0192 μg cm2 and stoichiometry of the complex is 1∶2, molybdenum: PCPPSAHA while mixed complex molybdenum-PCPPSAHA-morin has λmax 400 nm and molar absorptivity 5.9 × 103lmo1−1 cm−1 and stoichiometry of the complex is 1∶2∶1. The molybdenum is determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry after directly pipetted the extract into the furnace which increases the sensitivity 20 fold.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01245786
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Specific method for spectrophotometric determination of molybdenum in soil (1998)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 129 (1998), S. 265-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: molybdenum ; spectrophotometry ; solvent-extraction ; sodium borohydride ; thiocyanate ; surfactants ; soil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A new, simple and specific spectrophotometric method for the determination of Mo in the soil extracts is described. Mo(VI) is reduced to Mo(V) with sodium borohydride and allowed to react with SCN− ions in the presence of cationic and neutral surfactants e.g. CPC and TX-100 in the acidic aqueous solution. The molar absorptivity of the complex in both the aqueous, and toluene solutions is (2.30) × 104 1mol−1 cm−1 at absorption maximum, 460 nm. The extraction-procedure preconcentrated Mo at least 3-folds. the detection limit is 125ng Mo/g soil. The analytical variables of the method have been optimised and composition of the complex is proposed. None of the tested foreign ion interfered in the determination of Mo up to a large amount. An attempt for the removal of Fe-interference in the determination of Mo in soil extract has been described. The method has been found to be satisfactorily applicable for the determination of Mo in hot water leachates and acid digested soil solutions at lower ppm levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01244750
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field determination of molybdenum in soils (1997)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 357 (1997), S. 355-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A new procedure for the field characterization of the available amount of molybdenum in soil extract is described. It is based on the preconcentration of the Mo(V)-SCN– complex into toluene solution of N-octylacetamide (OAA) and subsequent heating of the extract for ≈ 10 min at 60° C over a water bath. The molar absorptivity of the complex is (3.50) × 104 1 mole–1 cm–1 at λmax 470 nm. The detection limit of the method is 4 ppb Mo. It provides a significantly increased tolerance limit for iron (up to 1000 ppm) and is applicable to the field characterization of Mo in soil extracts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050168
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of antimony in rain water at the nanogram level with surfactant and brilliant green (1998)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 360 (1998), S. 270-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A new, simple, selective and sensitive method for the spectrophotometric determination of antimony in rain water is described. It includes preconcentrating Sb with surfactants (i.e. cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) and Triton X-100 (TX-100)) into toluene and allowing the extract to react with a dye, i.e. brilliant green (BG). The value of apparent molar absorptivity is 5.55 × 105 L-mol–1· cm–1 at λmax = 620 nm; the detection limit is 3 ng/mL Sb in rain water at 3-fold preconcentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160050689
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow injection analysis of Zn and Co in beverages, biological, environmental and pharmaceutical samples (1998)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 362 (1998), S. 571-576 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A new, simple, rapid and selective flow injection analysis (FIA) method for the spectrophotometric quantification (speciation of inorganic and organic form) of Zn and Co with ammonium thiocyanate and malachite green (MG) in the presence of surfactants (CPC and TX-100) is described. The value of apparent molar absorptivity of the Zn- and Co- complexes are (1.23) × 104 and (8.67) × 103 L mol–1cm–1 at absorption maximum, 635 nm, respectively. The detection limit (amount causing a peak height 〉 3 s) is 15 ppb Zn and 20 ppb Co, whereas their optimum working ranges for the quantitative determinations are 0.05–2.0 ppm Zn and 0.07–2.5 ppm Co in the real samples. The sample thoughput of the method is 120 samples/h at the flow rate of 5.0 mL/min with rel. std. dev. of 〈 ± 1%. The method is free from interferences of almost all ions which are commonly associated with these metals in the complex materials. The composition of the complexes and their reaction mechanism involved are discussed. The effect of FIA and analytical variables for the determination of the metals are optimized. The method has been applied to the quantification of Zn and Co in beverages, biological, environmental, and pharmaceutical samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160051126
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectrophotometric determination of indiumin zinc effluent (1996)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 41 (1996), S. 247-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A new extraction-spectrophotometric method for the determination of indium at ppb level in zinc effluent is described. It is based on quantitative extraction (51.2–99.2%) of the tetrabromoindate complex with toluene solution of N,N′-diphenylbenzamidine and its nine analogous from sulphuric acid solutions, which allowed the extract to react with basic dye (i.e. brilliant green, malachite green, crystal violet) solution in sequence. Among the basic dyes tested, brilliant green gave the most sensitive colour reaction. The value of molar absorptivity of the amidine bromoindate extracts with brilliant green lie in the range of (0.53–1.03)×105 l mole-1 cm-1 at absorption maximum, 630–640. With the most sensitive compound, N-(2-methyl-phenyl)-N-phenylbenzamidine(APPBA), the detection limit of the method is 13 ppb. The method is free from interferences of almost all ions associated with indium. The method has been applied for the determination of indium to zinc-effluent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00419745
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Field determination of thallium in water (1995)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 351 (1995), S. 305-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A simple, selective, and sensitive field procedure for the spectrophotometric determination of thallium in water is described. The preconcentration is carried out by extracting the chlorothallate ion-pair complex of a cationic surfactant, i.e. CTAB or CPC, with toluene. The extract is reacted with a basic dye, i.e. brilliant green (BG). The molar absorptivity of the complexes is in the range of (1.63–1.70)×105 1 mole−1 cm−1 at the absorption maximum of 640 nm. The detection limit is 5 ng ml−1 Tl in water. None of the tested metal ions upto certain levels interfered with the determination. It is reproducibly applicable to the field analysis of Tl in water samples containing upto 20 ppb.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00321653
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of proportions of lithotypes using auxiliary information (1996)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 28 (1996), S. 765-781 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: auxiliary variable ; kriging, ore type ; proportions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The problem of estimating the proportion of lithological (ore) types in volumes of mineral deposits is considered when an auxiliary variable Z(z) is observed along with the lithology L(x) at x. The process {Z(x)} is assumed to be stationary and an assumption on the statistical relationship between {Z(x)} and {L(x)} processes is made. Consequently, the second-order stationarity of {L(x)} is not required. A method using the kriged distribution of the auxiliary variable is proposed. A case study illustrating the procedure is given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02066345
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fluoride Deposition in Central India (1999)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 55 (1999), S. 251-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Keywords: central India ; dust samples ; flow injection analysis ; fluoride deposition ; rain water ; Zr(IV)-SPADNS complex
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Fluoride is a volatile element emitted from natural and anthropogenic sources into the atmoshere and scavenged from the atmosphere by rain water. We collected 444 rain water and 36 dust samples on an event basis at 13 sites and on the bulk basis (monthly) at 3 sites, respectively, in central India (extending over 17°N to 24°N latitude and 80° 17′ to 84°11′E longitude). The level of F- in the atmospheric samples was determined by automating the conventional Zr(IV)-SPADNS [Sodium 2- (parasulfophenylazo)-1, 8-dihydroxy-3, 6-naphthalene disulfonate] method in the presence of surfactant, i.e. TX–100 [Triton x- 100]. The detection limit of the method is 10.0 ppb F- with a sample throughput of 70 samples/h. The F- deposited with rain water (in 13 sites) and with dust (three sites) were ranged between 54.8 to 483.0, and 105.0 to 503.3 kg/km2/year, respectively. The level of F- in atmospheric samples, seasonal and spatial variation in deposition and sources of F- are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005987106200
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phase transition related barrier height in Ga-Si Schottky diode (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 16 (1997), S. 1509-1511 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018571024237
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