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  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (23)
  • Oxford University Press  (22)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
  • 1995-1999  (45)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quality Control of Water-Treatment Chemicals (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 9 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Quality control measures for regionally purchased treatment chemicals in Severn Trent Water Ltd apply from the point of manufacture through to their arrival and acceptance on a water-treatment works. This approach involves a formalized examination of the control systems of treatment chemical suppliers and the introduction of standard documented acceptance procedures at each treatment works. These measures are intended to not only provide a high degree of reassurance to customers, but to ensure that staff of Severn Trent Water are purchasing and receiving cost-effective materials which are of an acceptable quality in terms of active constituents and background contaminants, before use in the treatment of water
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1995.tb01482.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct analysis of starved Aeromonas salmonicida (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Survival of Aeromonas salmonicida was monitored during prolonged incubation in either distilled water or lake water. Culturability was determined from colony forming units enumerated on tryptone soy agar, whilst flow cytometry was used for direct analysis of viable cells after staining with fluorescent dyes which differentially stained bacteria in relation to defined cellular properties. Over time, populations of culturable cells steadily declined and were not detected after 10 days incubation in distilled water or 33 days in lake water. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that cellular properties related to viability were lost shortly after culturable cells became undetectable in distilled water. In contrast, those incubated in lake water showed little change in these properties over a 57-day experimental period. The implications of these differences are discussed, and it is concluded that A. salmonicida is capable of remaining intact and active upon prolonged incubation in lake water, although this does not conclusively prove viability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2761.1996.d01-98.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Virulence gene deletion frequency is increased in Shigella flexneri following conjugation, transduction, and transformation (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 147 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Some commonly used methods for introducing DNA provoke spontaneous loss of expression of a virulence gene located on the high molecular mass plasmid in Shigella flexneri. The introduction of plasmid DNA by calcium chloride-mediated transformation in strains harbouring wild-type or mutated copies of regulatory genes resulted in the loss of expression of an mxiC-lacZ reporter gene at high frequency, approaching 100% in some cases. Lac− segregants arose whether or not the introduced plasmids harboured S. flexneri virulence gene sequences. Conjugation and generalised transduction with bacteriophage P1 were also found to provoke the appearance of Lac− mutants at high frequency. The Lac− mutants described in this report had deletions of the regulatory genes virF or virB, or more extensive deletions which included structural genes. The frequency of mutation was greatly reduced when electroporation was used to introduce DNA into the strains used in this study, suggesting that this is the best method to use when transforming them.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1997.tb10237.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two highly related regulatory proteins, Shigella flexneri VirF and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Rns, have common and distinct regulatory properties (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 162 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The Rns protein of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and the VirF protein of Shigella flexneri are members of the AraC family of transcription regulators. Rns is required for positive activation of the CS1 fimbrial genes, while VirF is a positive regulator of an invasion gene regulon. The amino acid sequences of the proteins are 36% identical, and both proteins activate transcription in response to increases in temperature. Here, we show that Rns is capable of complementing fully a null mutation in the S. flexneri virF gene. However, the VirF protein cannot replace Rns as an activator of CS1 gene expression in ETEC. This failure is not due to the absence from ETEC of a co-factor required by VirF since it also occurs when the CS1 system is moved into an S. flexneri genetic background. Nor is it a function of growth medium composition or a failure in virF gene expression. Instead, these findings point to important differences in the mechanisms by which these related transcription factors regulate gene expression in Gram-negative pathogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb13013.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DHEA Diminishes Fat Food Intake in Lean and Obese Zucker Rats (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 774 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb17400.x-i1
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Go with the flow – use of flow cytometry in environmental microbiology (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 24 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Microbiological activity in the natural world is of key importance in the integrated functioning of ecosystems, yet we remain largely ignorant of the role and relevance of the vast majority of microorganisms. This ignorance is largely due to widely acknowledged, but unresolved problems in methodologies. Application of flow cytometry to such studies has already revolutionised our understanding of marine photosynthetic planktonic microorganisms, revealed new levels of complexity in the behaviour of bacterial populations and produced a reliable screening protocol for eukaryotic water-borne pathogens. Advances in fluorescent probe technology now offer realistic approaches for direct cell identification, viability assessment and responses to environmental changes using basic, single light-source flow cytometers. Here we review current applications of flow cytometry in environmental microbiology and present a case for the adoption of the technique as a necessary and routine research instrument.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.1997.tb00426.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow cytometric detection of specific genes in genetically modified bacteria using in situ polymerase chain reaction (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 134 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Use of the polymerase chain reaction, coupled with flow cytometry, to detect a plasmid encoded xylE gene sequence in intact cells of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida was investigated. Optimal incorporation of fluorescently labelled dUTP into a full length PCR product required substitution at a level of 2:3 dUTP:dTTP. Formaldehyde fixed cells of both species were counted before and after thermal cycling. Sufficient numbers of cells remained intact for subsequent detection using microscopy and flow cytometry but light scatter properties were altered. Intact cell suspensions of both species containing plasmid pLV1013 were subjected to thermal cycling with fluorescent dUTP in the reaction mix. Subsequent analysis by flow cytometry allowed detection of a fluorescent PCR product associated with cells. Control samples (without the plasmid) showed only background fluorescence. This method demonstrates the potential for applying DNA amplification methods for sensitive detection of specific sequences localized inside intact bacterial cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07913.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of the suitability of bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid) trimethine oxonol, (diBA-C4(3) −), for the flow cytometric assessment of bacterial viability (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 130 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The usefulness of oxonol (bis-(1,3-dibutylbarbituric acid)trimethine oxonol) as a generally applicable indicator of bacterial viability was investigated using untreated and killed cultures of a variety of bacterial genera. Killing methods involved either heat or bactericidal antibiotics. For all strains tested, the fluorescent dye showed significantly more intense staining of killed than untreated cells. The sensitivity of Aeromonas salmonicida to gentamicin was assessed using oxonol. Although the bacterium was shown to be sensitive to the antibiotic, there was a delay between the time cells lost culturability, as judged by numbers of colony forming units, and that for which a dead cell population could be detected by flow cytometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07714.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retention of neutralising activity by recombinant anti-pneumolysin antibody fragments (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 22 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The variable domains of a neutralising (prevents erythrocyte lysis) anti-pneumolysin monoclonal antibody have been cloned and expressed as functional protein in Escherichia coli. Purification of the anti-pneumolysin single-chain antibody fragment, via antibody-affinity or metal-chelate affinity chromatography, resulted in product that was predominantly in a dimeric or monomeric form, respectively. The dimeric single-chain antibody fragment showed a higher sensitivity and affinity for immobilised antigen in both ELISA and BIAcore studies. The dimeric single-chain antibody fragment was as effective at protecting erythrocytes from lysis as the parent monoclonal. The monomeric, low affinity single-chain antibody fragment, showed reduced neutralising potency. As antibiotic resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains continue to show an increasing word-wide distribution, recombinant, neutralising antibody fragments, may provide an additional class of molecules useful in the treatment of toxaemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-695X.1998.tb01210.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differentiation between human and ovine isolates of Bordetellaparapertussis using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 135 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The genetic relatedness of 18 human and 29 ovine isolates of Bordetella parapertussis was examined by macrorestriction digestion of DNA with the rarely cutting enzyme XbaI and resolution by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. There was clear separation of human and ovine isolates and variation within host types. The human isolates were separated into three types as were the 24 Scottish ovine isolates. Species-specific bands were observed with the human isolates at 114, 134, 166, 213, 346 and 372 kb. No species-specific bands were found in the B. parapertussis ovine isolates. Isolates of B. parapertussis recovered from sheep in New Zealand gave a further two DNA banding patterns which were clearly different from the Scottish ovine and the human isolates. These results indicate that human and ovine isolates of B. parapertussis are genetically distinct and that variation exists within isolates from the same host species. Pulsed-field gel electrbphoresis therefore appears to be a powerful discriminatory tool for the classification of B. parapertussis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1996.tb07977.x
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