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  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (14)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (14)
  • American Chemical Society
  • 1995-1999  (14)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cultivation of hybridoma cells in an inclined bioreactor (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 45 (1995), S. 176-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: animal cell ; hybridoma cell ; shear ; cell damage ; bioreactor design ; inclination ; bubble column ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Murine hybridoma cells were grown in a bubble column that was inclined up to 45° from vertical. Inclining the column by a few degrees separated the rising bubbles against the upper surface, leaving the bulk of the liquid bubble free. The liquid was circulated well by the rising bubbles, but collection of cells by rising bubbles and exposure of cells to bursting bubbles were minimized. Maximum viable cell count and exponential growth of the cells were not affected by inclination, but an inclination of 30° gave an antibody titer of 42 mg/L, which more than doubled the yield of 17 mg/L in the vertical position. By comparison, the culture gave yields of 30 mg/L when grown in spinner flasks. The enhanced antibody production in the inclined bioreactor corresponded to a prolonged stationary phase of 45 h. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260450212
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell cycle and cell size dependence of susceptibility to hydrodynamic forces (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 46 (1995), S. 88-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: cell cycle ; hydrodynamic forces ; apoptosis ; cell culture ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Exposure of animal cells to intense hydrodynamic forces exerted in turbulent capillary flow, and by controiled agitation and aeration, resulted in preferential destruction of S and G2 cells and the extent of destruction of these cells was dependent upon the intensity of the action. The loss of these cells was possibly due to their larger size. However, the appearance of large numbers of membrane-bound vesicular structures similar to apoptotic bodies as well as cells with low DNA stainability (in a sub-G1 peak) suggested that the action of adverse hydrodynamic forces on these large cells may at least in part be to induce an apoptotic response. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260460112
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of soybean oil and ammonium sulfate additions to optimize secondary metabolite production (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 60 (1998), S. 580-588 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: soybean oil ; ammonium sulfate ; secondary metabolite production ; streptomyces ; lipase ; homologs ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A valine-overproducing mutant (MA7040, Streptomyces hygroscopicus) was found to produce 1.5 to 2.0 g/L of the immunoregulant, L-683,590, at the 0.6 m3 fermentation scale in a simple batch process using soybean oil and ammonium sulfate-based GYG5 medium. Levels of both lower (L-683,795) and higher (HH1 and HH2) undesirable homolog levels were controlled adequately. This batch process was utilized to produce broth economically at the 19 m3 fermentation scale. Material of acceptable purity was obtained without the multiple pure crystallizations previously required for an earlier culture, MA6678, requiring valine supplementation for impurity control.Investigations at the 0.6 m3 fermentation scale were conducted, varying agitation, pH, initial soybean oil/ammonium sulfate charges, and initial aeration rate to further improve growth and productivity. Mid-cycle ammonia levels and lipase activity appeared to have an important role. Using mid-cycle soybean oil additions, a titer of 2.3 g/L of L-683,590 was obtained, while titers reached 2.7 g/L using mid-cycle soybean oil and ammonium sulfate additions. Both higher and lower homolog levels remained acceptable during this fed-batch process. Optimal timing of mid-cycle oil and ammonium sulfate additions was considered a critical factor to further titer improvements. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 60: 580-588, 1998.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerized liposome as ligand carrier for affinity precipitation of proteins (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 47 (1995), S. 20-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: polymerized liposome ; ligand carrier ; affinity precipitation ; soybean trypsin inhibitor ; trypsin purification ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A polymerized liposome (PLS) was prepared using a synthesized phospholipid with a diacetylene moiety in the hydrophobic chain and an amino group in the hydrophilic head. The PLS was used as a novel ligand carrier for affinity precipitation of proteins because it showed a reversibly precipitable property on salt addition and removal. Soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI) was easily immobilized on the PLS by a one-step carbodiimide reaction. The PLS showed no nonspecific adsoprtion of proteins. It had a large ligand coupling capacity, and then a large adsorption capacity for trypsin after STI immobilization. The PLS with immpbilized STI was recycled three times for the purification of trypsin from a crude pancreatic extract. Although the degree of purification was compromised by the impurity of the STI employed, in each run the purification factor reached about 6 and more than 80% of trypsin activity was recovered. The results indicated that the PLS was a potential ligand carrier for affinity precipitation of proteins. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260470104
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modeling the enzymatic transformation of 3,5-dimethoxy,4-hydroxy cinnamic acid by polyphenoloxidase from the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 51 (1996), S. 249-259 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: sinapic acid ; polyphenoloxidase ; Trametes versicolor ; reaction mechanism ; mathematical model ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mechanism for transforming sinapic acid by a polyphenoloxidase from Trametes versicolor was investigated using changes in sinapic acid and oxygen concentrations during the reaction. The experiments were performed in a closed system without supplemental oxygen. The effects of temperature and initial oxygen concentration on the reaction rates were examined. To compare the obtained results with those from spectrophotometric studies, some runs were performed using an open system with supplemental oxygen. Sinapic acid transformation can be described by the Theorell-Chance Bi-Bi or Ordered Bi-Bi mechanisms. This reacting system consisted also of additional enzymatic reactions between the products of sinapic acid transformation and oxygen. A mathematical model was developed using four ordinary differential equations that represent the Theorell-Chance Bi-Bi mechanism with three alternate substrates. Model parameters (i.e., rate constants) were determined using the data collected at three different temperatures. On the basis of the transition state theory, relationships between these constants and temperature were established. It is shown that, in the open system, the observed change in the enzyme activity at higher temperatures was caused by two opposing phenomena: an Arrhenius effect which increased the rate, and a solubility effect which reduced the rate due to a lower oxygen concentration. This finding allows us to recommend better conditions for spectrophotometric methods, the assay most commonly used to evaluate this and similar enzymes. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-line monitoring and control of methanol concentration in shake-flask cultures of Pichia pastoris (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 56 (1997), S. 279-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: methanol sensor ; methanol monitoring and control ; methylotrophic yeast fermentation ; Pichia pastoris ; transferrin ; shake-flask cultures ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris can be used to express recombinant genes at high levels under the control of the methanol-inducible alcohol oxidase 1 (AOX1) promoter. Accurate regulation of the methanol concentration in P. pastoris cultures is necessary to maintain induction, while preventing accumulation of methanol to cytotoxic levels. We developed an inexpensive methanol sensor that uses a gas-permeable silicone rubber tube immersed in the culture medium and an organic solvent vapor detector. The sensor was used to monitor methanol concentration continuously throughout a fed-batch shake-flask culture of a P. pastoris clone producing the N-lobe of human transferrin. The sensor calibration was stable for the duration of the culture and the output signal accurately reflected the methanol concentration determined off-line by HPLC. A closed-loop control system utilizing this sensor was developed and used to maintain a 0.3% (v/v) methanol concentration in the culture. Use of this system resulted in a fivefold increase in volumetric protein productivity over levels obtained using the conventional fed-batch protocol. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 56: 279-286, 1997.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biosorption of uranium by Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain CSU: Characterization and comparison studies (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 51 (1996), S. 237-247 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: biosorption ; sorption ; uranium ; iron ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; bacteria ; remediation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain CSU, a nongenetically engineered bacterial strain known to bind dissolved hexavalent uranium (as UO22+ and/or its cationic hydroxo complexes), was characterized with respect to its sorptive activity (equilibrium and dynamics). Living, heat-killed, permeabilized, and unreconstituted lyophilized cells were all capable of binding uranium. The uranium biosorption equilibrium could be described by the Langmuir isotherm. The rate of uranium adsorption increased following permeabilization of the outer and/or cytoplasmic membrane by organic solvents such as acetone. P. aeruginosa CSU biomass was significantly more sorptive toward uranium than certain novel, patented biosorbents derived from algal or fungal biomass sources. P. aeruginosa CSU biomass was also competitive with commercial cation-exchange resins, particularly in the presence of dissolved transition metals. Uranium binding by P. aeruginosa CSU was clearly pH dependent. Uranium loading capacity increased with increasing pH under acidic conditions, presumably as a function of uranium speciation and due to the H+ competition at some binding sites. Nevertheless, preliminary evidence suggests that this microorganism is also capable of binding anionic hexavalent uranium complexes. Ferric iron was a strong inhibitor of uranium binding to P. aeruginosa CSU biomass, and the presence of uranium also decreased the Fe3+ loading when the biomass was not saturated with Fe3+, suggesting that Fe3+ and uranium may share the same binding sites on biomass. Although the equilibrium loading capacity of uranium was greater than that of Fe3+, this biomass showed preference of binding Fe3+ over uranium. Thus, a two-stage process in which iron and uranium are removed in consecutive steps was proposed for efficient use of the biomass as a biosorbent in uranium removal from mine wastewater, especially acidic leachates. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformation of 3,5-dimethoxy,4-hydroxy cinnamic acid by polyphenol oxidase from the fungus Trametes versicolor: Product elucidation studies (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 57 (1998), S. 694-703 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Trametes versicolor ; sinapic acid ; dehydrodisinapic acid dilactone ; polyphenol oxidase ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Sinapic acid (SA), 3,5-dimethoxy,4-hydroxy cinnamic acid, was incubated with a crude polyphenol oxidase from the fungus Trametes versicolor. Some products of this transformation were isolated and their structures identified using mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. It was found that the enzymatic oxidation of SA includes two distinct phases. In the initial phase SA is enzymatically transformed to r-1H-2c,6c-bis-(4′-hydroxy-3′,5′-dimethoxyphenyl)-3,7-dioxabicyclo-[3,3,0]-octane-4,8-dione, dehydrodisinapic acid dilactone. The mechanism of this reaction may involve coupling of two phenoxy radicals by the β-β mode and subsequent intramolecular nucleophilic attack. In the second phase dehydrodisinapic acid dilactone is transformed by polyphenol oxidase into several intermediate products, including 4-(4-(3,5-dimethoxy-4-oxo-2,5-cyclohexadienyliden)-1,4-dihydroxy-(E)-2-butenylidene)-2,6-dimethoxy-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-one. The final product of the overall transformation of SA is 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone. The obtained results were used to propose a part of the transformation pathway for the enzymatic oxidation of SA by polyphenol oxidase. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 57: 694-703, 1998
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The immunosuppressive mini-domain of human lactoferrin (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Peptide Science 1 (1995), S. 295-302 
    Details
    ISSN: 1075-2617
    Keywords: Lactoferrin ; peptide immunosuppressors ; thymopentin analogues ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: It has been found that the disulphide-bridged 231-245 pentadecapeptide loop of the lactoferrin (LF) N-lobe contains a region of immunosuppressive activity. The activity resides within a thymopentin-like sequence (Arg-Lys-Pro-Val-Asp) of the loop. Peptides related to the 575-589 loop of the LF C-lobe differ in their immunomodulatory activity from those related to the 231-245 loop. We ascribe this difference to the replacement of the Asp residue in the 231-245 loop by Thr in the 575-589 loop. Two other fragments of LF which were studied, 27-34 and 309-315, do not manifest any activy in the DTH test (cellular immune response), but, on testing in vivo, stimulate the humoral immune response. The 27-34 fragment is related to the bactericidal and immunostimulative region of LF identified by Bellamy et al. [1]. Our results show that the LF molecule contains, not only the known immunostimulating mini-domain, but also a region endowed with immunosuppressive activity.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/psc.310010504
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Escherichia coli proteome analysis using the gene-protein database (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 18 (1997), S. 1243-1251 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Escherichia coli ; Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The gene-protein database of Escherichia coli is a collection of data, largely generated from the separation of complex mixtures of cellular proteins on two-dimensional (2-D) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The database currently contains about 1600 protein spots. The data are comprised of both identification information for many of these proteins and data on how the level or synthesis rates of proteins vary under different growth conditions. Three projects are underway to further elucidate the E. coli proteome including a project to localize on 2-D gels all of the open reading framed encoded by the E. coli chromosome, a project to determine the condition(s) under which each open reading frame is expressed and a project to determine the abundance and location of each protein in the cell. Applications for proteome databases for cell modeling are discussed and examples of applications in therapeutic drug discovery are given.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150180805
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