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  • Articles  (19)
  • Springer  (17)
  • Nature Publishing Group  (2)
  • 1995-1999  (17)
  • 1930-1934  (2)
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  • Articles  (19)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Relationship Between Childhood Growth, Bone Mass, and Muscle Strength in Male and Female Adolescents (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 60 (1997), S. 405 -409 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone mineral density — Bone mineral content — Childhood growth — Dual X-ray absorptiometry — Muscle strength.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. In this population-based study, the relationship between childhood weight and height, and adolescent bone mass and muscle strength have been studied in 39 girls and 48 boys. Total body and femoral neck bone mass measurements (bone mineral content, BMC and bone mineral density, BMD) were made by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Quadriceps muscle strength was measured. Mean age at the time of measurement was 15.1 years for girls and boys. Results were individually linked to data on childhood (birth to 6 years of age) weight and height, taken from community health records. Childhood weight was found to be predictive of adolescent total body BMC (TBMC). However, this was not the case when correlating childhood weight and total body BMD (TBMD), suggesting that growth determines the size of the skeleton, whereas the density within that bone envelope is to a greater extent governed by other factors. Further, in a multiple regression model we found that the combined effect of childhood weight and height was significantly correlated with adolescent quadriceps muscle strength.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900253
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymorphisms of the Vitamin D Receptor, Infant Growth, and Adult Bone Mass (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 60 (1997), S. 233 -235 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone density — Vitamin D receptor — Polymorphism — Growth — Genetic.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Family and twin studies have demonstrated a strong genetic component to the development of peak bone mass. Early fetal and infant environment has also been shown to influence bone mass through an effect on skeletal size and mineral content. We report a retrospective study that has examined whether early infant growth is regulated by genetic factors shown to be associated with bone mass. We have determined the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene alleles for 66 women (mean age 65.5 years) on whom detailed birth records were available. There was a statistically significant trend (P= 0.04) for VDR genotype against weight at the age of 1 year, with the ``tt'' homozygote group having 7% higher weight. We conclude that early fetal or infant environment may interact with an individual's underlying genotype to program early skeletal growth, and that this may track through later life to influence adult characteristics. Further prospective studies are required, however, to fully clarify the precise environmental and genetic mechanisms underlying these findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900220
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Oldoway Human Skeleton (1932)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 129 (1932), S. 903-903 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] WE are glad to find from Dr. Leakey's letter in NATURE of May 14 that he is in agreement with us in regarding the Oldoway skeleton as an artificial burial, and regret that, in common with everyone else whom we have consulted in this matter, we interpreted his original letter in NATURE of Oct. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/129903a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Oldoway Human Skeleton (1932)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 129 (1932), S. 312-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A LETTER appeared in NATURE of Oct. 24, 1931, signed by Messrs. Leakey, Hopwood, and Reck, in which, among other conclusions, it is stated that “there is no possible doubt that the human skeleton came from Bed No. 2 and not from Bed No. 4”. This must be taken to mean that the skeleton is to be ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/129312b0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic transformation of the pathogenic fungus Wangiella dermatitidis (1995)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 44 (1995), S. 444-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Genetic transformation of Wangiella dermatitidis was studied using three plasmid vectors (pAN7-1, pWU44, and pKK5) and both electroporation and polyethyleneglycol-mediated methods. pAN7-1 contains the E. coli hygromycin B (HmB) phosphotransferase (hph) gene. Expression of the hph gene confers resistance to antibiotic HmB. Selection for resistance, indicative of transformation, resulted in 10–203 HmB-resistant colonies/μg pAN7-1 on medium containing 100 μg HmB/ml. Strains of W. dermatitidis used in this study have innate sensitivity to HmB at a critical inhibitory concentration of 20–40 μg/ml. Vectors pWU44 and pKK5 contain a URA5 gene from Podospora anserina. A ura5 auxotroph of W. dermatitidis was transformed to prototrophy with pWU44 or pKK5 by complementation. Transformation frequencies for these two plasmids were between 17–50 transformants/μg vector DNA. Southern blotting analysis and polymerase chain reaction detection of DNA from putative transformants confirmed transformation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00169942
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover and Bone Loss at the Lumbar Spine and Femoral Neck: The Taiji Study (1999)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 65 (1999), S. 198-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone metabolic markers — Predictor — Osteoporosis — Epidemiology — Bone mineral density.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The purpose of this study was to ascertain whether biochemical markers of bone turnover predict bone loss. The survey was carried out in Taiji, Wakayama Prefecture, Japan. From a list of inhabitants aged 40–79 years, 400 participants (50 men and 50 women in each of four age groups) were selected randomly. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured, and blood and urine samples of all participants were examined to obtain values for eight biochemical markers: alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone Gla protein (BGP), type I procollagen (carboxyterminal peptide of type I procollagen; PICP), cross-linked carboxyterminal telopeptide region of type I collagen (ICTP), and urinary excretion of calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), pyridinoline (Pyr), and deoxypyridinoline (D-Pyr). Each marker was evaluated as a predictor of the rate of bone change in lumbar spine and femoral neck BMD over a 3-year period. The value of Pyr was significantly related to the change of lumbar spine BMD in men (P= 0.009), and that of BGP was found to be significant in women (P= 0.045). By contrast, none of the bone markers significantly correlated with bone loss at the femoral neck. The coefficient of determination at the lumbar spine was 5% and 7% at the femoral neck only. We conclude that biochemical markers of bone turnover cannot predict bone loss rates in middle-aged or elderly Japanese men and women over a 3-year period with sufficient accuracy for use in clinical decision making.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900682
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative Toxicity of Chlordane, Chlorpyrifos, and Aldicarb to Four Aquatic Testing Organisms (1998)
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 34 (1998), S. 152-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Laboratory toxicity data contrasting responses of aquatic organisms to insecticides are important for focusing on sensitive species (steepest exposure-response slope) exposed to aqueous concentrations of these insecticides in field studies. These data also allow prediction of expected responses of aquatic species to a range of insecticide concentrations in situ. Aqueous 48-h toxicity tests were performed to contrast responses of Daphnia magna Straus, Hyalella azteca Saussure, Chironomus tentans Fabricius, and Pimephales promelas Rafinesque to acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting insecticides: chlorpyrifos, aldicarb, and chlordane. As expected, invertebrates tested (H. azteca, C. tentans, and D. magna) were ≥ 200 times more sensitive than the vertebrate P. promelas to chlorpyrifos exposures. H. azteca was approximately 3.5 times more sensitive to chlorpyrifos (453% mortality/μg/L) than D. magna (128% mortality/μg/L). For both aldicarb and chlordane, C. tentans was the most sensitive species tested (2.44 and 2.54% mortality/μg/L, respectively). Differences in chlordane potency for test species varied only by a factor of approximately 2–3 (0.88% mortality/μg/L for H. azteca to 2.54% mortality/μg/L for C. tentans). Although point estimates of population responses such as LC50s, NOECs, and LOECs are of some utility for predicting effects of pesticides in aquatic systems, exposure-response slopes are also useful for extrapolation of laboratory data to diverse field situations, especially where sediment sorption may regulate insecticide exposure or bioavailability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002449900299
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyfluthrin persistence in soil as affected by moisture, organic matter, and redox potential (1995)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 55 (1995), S. 142-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00212401
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of the index of biotic integrity to assess physical habitat degradation in warmwater streams (1995)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 312 (1995), S. 191-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: index of biotic integrity ; stream ; fish ; erosion ; sediment ; physical habitat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Indices of biotic integrity (1131) were computed for two annual fish collections from 27 locations along the bluffline bordering the Mississippi River alluvial plain in northwestern Mississippi. Study sites exhibited varying degrees of physical habitat degradation due to accelerated channel erosion. Objectives of index application were to quantify existing environmental quality and to test the IBI as a tool for relating fish population characteristics to physical degradation. Physical habitat data were collected concurrently with fish at all sites, and physical habitat descriptors were compared with the IBI scores and component metrics. Three to 23 fish species were captured from each site, and species richness explained 64–70% of the variance in IBI scores. Fish collections were dominated by insectivores tolerant of habitat and water quality degradation. Suckers and piscivores were relatively uncommon. The IBI scores were generally not reflective of physical habitat conditions. Variation in IBI scores was indicative of only the grossest differences in physical habitat quality. Weak relationships between physical habitat quality and IBI scores may have been due to large temporal variations in biotic integrity typical of degraded habitats. Alternatively, water quality degradation, which we did not measure, may have confounded relationships between physical habitat and fish metrics. Regional application of the IBI as a habitat assessment tool in landscapes with widespread physical degradation must overcome lack of suitable reference sites, large temporal variation in IBI scores, and small numbers of fish per collection, leading to lower confidence levels for IBI scores. The scarcity of lightly impacted sites may hinder detection of biotic integrity response along gradients of physical habitat quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00015512
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physics-based generation of gamma-ray response functions for CdZnTe detectors (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 233 (1998), S. 257-264 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A physics-based approach to gamma-ray response-function generation is presented in which the response of CdZnTe detectors is modeled from first principles. Numerical modeling is used to generate response functions needed for spectrum analysis for general detector configurations (e.g., electrode design, detector materials and geometry, and operating conditions). With numerical modeling, requirements for calibration and characterization are significantly reduced. Elements of the physics-based model, including gamma-ray transport, charge carrier drift and diffusion, and circuit response, are presented. Calculated and experimental gamma-ray spectra are compared for a coplanar-grid CdZnTe detector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02389681
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