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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Release of bromide following rewetting of a naturally drained acid gully mire (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 12 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Currently there is growing interest in the restoration of drained peatlands in Britain. In order to investigate some of the effects of changes in land management practices on the biogeochemistry of peatlands, a field experiment was designed to manipulate the hydrological conditions in a naturally drained acid gully mire in Mid-Wales. We report preliminary results of the effects of experimentally rewetting the mire on the hydrochemistry of bromide in the peat-water. Results show that rewetting had a dramatic effect on the concentrations of bromide, which increased substantially. Peak values approached 1 mg/dm3 in some samples following rewetting, compared with typical values 〈 0.05 mg/dm3 under the drained conditions. Bromide was positively and significantly correlated with Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) in the peat-water, which suggests that Br- is derived from breakdown of organic matter in the reducing conditions following rewetting. The bromide mobilized by rewetting may be leached out of the system and/or re-assimilated by the wetland vegetation. Further monitoring is needed to determine whether the observed hydrochemical response of bromide to rewetting of the mire has any longer-term effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1996.tb00960.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temporal trends in bromide release following rewetting of a naturally drained gully mire (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 14 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Recently, there has been interest in the occurrence of bromide (Br-) in natural waters since it has been demonstrated that Br-, in association with humic substances in raw waters, is readily incorporated into haloacetic acids in the form of organically bound bromine (Br) during water chlorination. We report results of the effects of experimentally rewetting a naturally drained gully mire on the hydrochemistry of Br-, iron (Fe) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in the peat water. Results obtained over a three year period showed that rewetting substantially increased the concentrations of these solutes in the pore water, with peak values of 1 mg dm-3 (Br-), 〉 60 mg dm-3 (Fe) and 〉 300 mg dm-3 (DOC) detected in some samples after rewetting, compared with typical values 〈 0.05 mg dm-3 (Br-), 〈 1 mg dm-3 (Fe) and 〈 15 mg dm-3 (DOC) under the drained conditions. Bromide, Fe and DOC release were highly seasonal, with the largest concentrations observed in late-summer to autumn. However, whereas seasonal peak concentrations of Fe and DOC have since remained at these higher levels, seasonal peak concentrations of Br- were progressively attenuated over time, suggesting the latter phenomenon is a flush effect, with no longer-term consequences for water quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.1998.tb00161.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using Thermal-Infrared Imagery to Delineate Ground-Water Discharge (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 34 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: On March 8 and 9, 1992, a thermal-infrared-multispectral scanner (TIMS) was flown over two military ordnance disposal facilities at the Edgewood Area of Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. The data, collected by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, in cooperation with the U.S. Army and the U.S. Geological Survey, were used to locate ground-water discharge zones in surface water. The images from the flight show areas where ground-water discharge is concentrated, as well as areas of diffuse discharge. Concentrated discharge is predominant in isolated or nearly isolated ponds and creeks in the study area. Diffuse discharge is found near parts of the shoreline where the study area meets the surrounding estuaries of the Chesapeake Bay and the Gunpowder River. The average temperature for surface water, measured directly in the field, and the average temperature, calculated from atmospherically corrected TIMS images, was 10.6° C (Celsius) at the first of two sites.Potentiometric surface maps of both field sites show discharge toward the nontidal marshes, the estuaries which surround the field sites, and creeks which drain into the estuaries. The average measured temperature of ground water at both sites was 10.7° C. The calculated temperature from the TIMS imagery at both sites where ground-water discharge is concentrated within a surface-water body is 10.4° C. In the estuaries which surround the field sites, field measurements of temperature were made resulting in an average temperature of 9.0° C. The average calculated TIMS temperature from the estuaries was 9.3° C. Along the shoreline at the first site and within 40 to 80 meters of the western and southern shores of the second site, water was 1° to 2° C warmer than water more than 80 meters away. This pattern of warmer water grading to cooler water in an offshore direction could result from diffuse ground-water discharge. Tonal differences in the TIMS imagery could indicate changes in surface-water temperatures. These tonal differences can be interpreted to delineate the location and extent of ground-water discharge to bodies of surface water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1996.tb02024.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MODELING A CONCRETE BLOCK IRRIGATION DIVERSION SYSTEM (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Water Resources Association 34 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1752-1688
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geography
    Notes: : Concrete block irrigation diversion systems have been proposed as alternatives to permanent dams of concrete or rock or temporary gravel berms. Permanent dams can cause stream channel instability, bank erosion, sediment pollution, ice flow blockage, and safety problems for recreational floating craft. Temporary berms can require substantial streambed disturbance and can promote sediment pollution, stream bank instability, and bank erosion. A design procedure was developed based on a model of the hydraulic performance of concrete block diversion systems. The procedure was used to model a site on the Gallatin River in Montana. The method relies on HEC-RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Center -River Analysis System) software combined with analytical techniques in an iterative scheme. The hydraulic performance of different diversion configurations (the existing heavy-rock diversion system, concrete blocks oriented parallel to flow, and concrete blocks oriented diagonally) was assessed using the model under a range of flow rates. The minimum diversion dimensions (length, number, and size of blocks) that maintained block stability while diverting the requisite flow were determined for each model run. At the Gallatin River site, the block system oriented parallel to flow required less diversion material than the diagonal orientation. The recommended diversion length was 51.8 m (170 ft). Trapezoidal blocks with a top width of 20.3 cm (8 in), a height of 45.7 cm (18 in), and side slopes of 2 vertical to 1 horizontal were specified. This configuration minimizes the total block mass, diverts the required flow, and has a factor of safety of 2.0 against block displacement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1998.tb04163.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investing in Eastern Europe: Two case histories (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Business strategy review 7 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8616
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This feature is in three parts: the first two are case histories of the contrasting experiences of two Western companies which expanded abroad for the first time in the mid-1990s, into different countries in Eastern Europe. One is so far successful, the other not. The third section draws out the implications of these experiences: although still quite risky, investment in Central and Eastern Europe can already be made to pay by firms that enter as part of a well-conceived and financed global strategy. Particular benefits are lower labour costs and access to untapped markets.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8616.1996.tb00112.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Hepatitis Nucleocapsid as a Vaccine Carrier Moiety (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 754 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb44451.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aphototropic mutants of the moss Ceratodon purpureus with spectrally normal and with spectrally dysfunctional phytochrome (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Following UV mutagenesis of protonemal tissue of the moss Ceratodon purpureus we have isolated different aphototropic mutant lines that can be divided into two distinct classes. One class, represented by the line ptr1, shows characteristic features of phytochrome chromophore deficiency. ptrl shows negligible photoreversibility (〈5% of wild type), whereas immunoblots show normal apoprotein levels. The aphototropic phenotype could be partially restored with biliverdin, a precursor of the phytochrome chromophore. It was found that, whereas in wild type formation of Pfr leads to suppression of gravitropism, there is no such suppression ptrl. In addition, ptr1 shows lower chlorophyll levels than the wild type. These findings indicate that, as expected for a chromophore-deficient mutant, multiple phytochrome effects are lost. The other class of mutants, represented by the line ptr103, shows more specific effects. In this mutant, only phototropism is affected. Suppression of gravitropism, the content of chlorophyll and photoreversibility of phytochrome were similar to those of the wild type.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00389.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of cold-inducible genes and frost hardiness in the crown meristem of young barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Igri) plants grown in different environments (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The purpose of this work was to examine environmental control of expression, at the mRNA level, of cold-inducible genes and to test the relationship of the expression of the genes to cold acclimation. Barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Igri) at the three- to four-leaf stage were (a) grown in different temperature environments between 20/15°C and +4/-4°C or (b) transferred between 20/15°C and 6/2°C or (c) grown under drought or nutrient stress conditions. Frost hardiness (using a regrowth method) and mRNA levels for three cold-induced genes, blt4-9, blt14 and blt101, from meristematic crown tissue (vegetative shoot meristem plus subtending stem and associated root initials) were measured. Hardiness and levels of blt4-9, blt14 and blt101 mRNAs increased with lower growth temperatures, below a maximum inductive temperature. Prior temperature environment and plant age affected the rate of change in mRNA levels of these genes in response to a change of temperature environment. Hardiness was strongly correlated with mRNA levels of these genes in plants grown in different temperature environments. This correlation did not extend to plants exposed to drought or nutrient stresses. Implications are drawn for plant responses to a warmer climate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1996.tb00250.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein exporter function and in vitro ATPase activity are correlated in ABC-domain mutants of HlyB (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 16 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The Escherichia coli toxin exporter HlyB comprises an integral membrane domain fused to a cytoplasmic domain of the ATP-binding casette (ABC) super-family, and it directs translocation of the 110kDa haemolysin protein out of the bacterial cell without using an N-terminal secretion signal peptide. We have exploited the ability to purify the soluble HlyB ABC domain as a fusion with glutathione S-transferase to obtain a direct correlation of the in vivo export of protein by HlyB with the degree of ATP binding and hydrolysis measured in vitro. Mutations in residues that are invariant or highly conserved in the ATP-binding fold and glycine-rich linker peptide of prokaryotic and eukaryotic ABC transporters caused a complete less of both HlyB exporter function and ATPase activity in proteins still able to bind ATP effectively and undergo ATP-induced conformational change. Mutation of less-conserved residues caused reduced export and ATP hydrolysis, but not ATP binding, whereas substitutions of poorly conserved residues did not impair activity either in vivo or in vitro. The data show that protein export by HlyB has an absolute requirement for the hydrolysis of ATP bound by its cytoplasmic domain and indicate that comparable mutations that disable other prokaryotic and eukaryotic ABC transporters also cause a specific loss of enzymatic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1995.tb02394.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Independent interaction of the acyltransferase HlyC with two maturation domains of the Escherichia coli toxin HlyA (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 20 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The apparently unique fatty acylation mechanism that underlies activation (maturation) of Escherichia coli haemolysin and related toxins is further clarified by investigation of the interaction of protoxin with the specific acyltransferase HlyC. Using deleted protoxin variants and protoxin peptides as substrates in an in vitro maturation reaction dependent upon HlyC and acyl-acyl carrier protein, two independent HlyC recognition domains were identified on the 1024-residue protoxin, proA, and they were shown to span the two target lysine residues K564 (KI) and K690 (KII) that are fatty acylated. Each domain required 15–30 amino acids for basal recognition and 50–80 amino acids for wild-type acylation. The two domains (FAI and FAII) competed with each other in cis and in trans for HlyC. The affinity of FAI for HlyC is approximately four times greater than that of FAII resulting in an overall 80% acylation at KI and 20% acylation at KII in both whole toxin and peptide derivatives. No other proA sequences were required for toxin maturation, and excess Ca2+ prevented acylation of both lysines. The lack of primary sequence identity between FAI and FAll domains in proA and among corresponding sites on related protoxins currently precludes an explanation of the basis of HlyC recognition by proA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1996.tb02519.x
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