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  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (579)
  • 1995-1999  (567)
  • 1940-1944  (12)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cancer Dose-Response Modeling of Epidemiological Data on Worker Exposures to Aldrin and Dieldrin (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Risk analysis 19 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: The paper applies classical statistical principles to yield new tools for risk assessment and makes new use of epidemiological data for human riskassessment. An extensive clinical and epidemiological study of workers engaged in the manufacturing and formulation of aldrin and dieldrin provides occupational hygiene and biological monitoring data on individual exposures over the years of employment and provides unusually accurate measures of individual lifetime average daily doses. In the cancer dose-response modeling, each worker is treated as a separate experimental unit with his own unique dose. Maximum likelihood estimates of added cancer risk are calculated for multistage, multistage-Weibull, and proportional hazards models. Distributional characterizations of added cancer risk are based on bootstrap and relative likelihood techniques. The cancer mortality data on these male workerssuggest that low-dose exposures to aldrin and dieldrin do not significantlyincrease human cancer risk and may even decrease the human hazard rate for all types of cancer combined at low doses (e.g., 1μg/kg/day). The apparent hormetic effect in the best fitting dose-response models for this data set is statistically significant. The decrease in cancer risk at low doses ofaldrin and dleldrin is in sharp contrast to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's upper bound on cancer potency based on mouse liver tumors. The EPA's upper bound implies that lifetime average daily doses of 0.0000625 and 0.00625 pμg/kg body weight/day would correspond to increased cancer risks of 0.000001 and O.OOO1, respectively. However, the best estimate from the Pernis epidemiological data is that there is no increase in cancer risk in these workers at these doses or even at doses as large as 2 μg/kg/day.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1999.tb01131.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combining Probability Distributions From Experts in Risk Analysis (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Risk analysis 19 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: This paper concerns the combination of experts' probability distributions in risk analysis, discussing a variety of combination methods and attempting to highlight the important conceptual and practical issues to be considered in designing a combination process in practice. The role of experts is important because their judgments can provide valuable information, particularly in view of the limited availability of “hard data” regarding many important uncertainties in risk analysis. Because uncertainties are represented in terms of probability distributions in probabilistic risk analysis (PRA), we consider expert information in terms of probability distributions. The motivation for the use of multiple experts is simply the desire to obtain as much information as possible. Combining experts' probability distributions summarizes the accumulated information for risk analysts and decision-makers. Procedures for combining probability distributions are often compartmentalized as mathematical aggregation methods or behavioral approaches, and we discuss both categories. However, an overall aggregation process could involve both mathematical and behavioral aspects, and no single process is best in all circumstances. An understanding of the pros and cons of different methods and the key issues to consider is valuable in the design of acombination process for a specific PRA. The output, a ”combined probabilitydistribution,” can ideally be viewed as representing a summary of the current state of expert opinion regarding the uncertainty of interest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1999.tb00399.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Success Factors in Strategic Supplier Alliances: The Buying Company Perspective (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Decision sciences 29 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-5915
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: The emerging area of supply chain alliances has received considerable attention in the academic and managerial press, yet there are many unanswered questions regarding the dynamics of such relationships. A number of such fundamental issues drive this research initiative, including how alliances are developed, their key success factors, and the specific benefits to be achieved. The study begins by establishing a definition of strategic supplier alliances, based on a comparison of both theoretical and managerial descriptions. The critical antecedents associated with the success of strategic supplier alliances are next developed, and the magnitude of the effect of these factors on partnership success is assessed. The analysis employs both qualitative and quantitative data, collected through an electronic network of over 200 companies, as part of an ongoing benchmarking initiative in supply chain management.From the perspective of the buying company in the alliance, the following attributes of supplier alliances were found to be significantly related to partnership success: trust and coordination, interdependence, information quality and participation, information sharing, joint problem solving, avoiding the use of severe conflict resolution tactics, and the existence of a formal supplier/commodity alliance selection process. Resource commitment and smoothing over problems were found to be poor predictors of alliance success. The implications of these results for managerial decision making in supplier alliance development are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5915.1998.tb01354.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developing a Role for Genetics within a Cancer Program (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 768 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb12135.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    S-Nitrosylation of m2 Muscarinic Receptor Thiols Disrupts Receptor-G-Protein Coupling (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 757 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb17477.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of Neuropeptide Receptors (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 757 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb17497.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    T-Cell Repertoires in Health and Disease (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 756 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb44481.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An Investigation of Saturation-Capillary Pressure Relations in Two- and Three-Fluid Systems for Several NAPLS in Different Porous Media (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 33 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Lack of constitutive data has impeded efforts to model the subsurface transport of organic-liquid contaminants. To help fill this need, functional relationships between fluid saturations and capillary pressures were obtained using a unique fluid-retention cell. The functional relationships between water saturations and NAPL-water capillary pressures, and between total-liquid saturations and air-NAPL capillary presures in two- and three-fluid phase systems were measured directly during monotonic drainage of a fine quartz sand and a nonswelling loam soil. Additionally, measurements were made between water saturations and air-water capillary pressures for an air-water fluid system in both porous media. The NAPLs investigated were Soltrol 170®, toluene, and trichloroethylene (TCE). Following the measurements, the two- and three-fluid retention relations were compared to test the validity of extending two-phase saturation-pressure (S-P) relations to three-fluid systems. Good agreement was observed between the two- and three-fluid data for Soltrol 170®, toluene, and TCE in both porous media. An S-P scaling format for two- and three-phase systems was also evaluated. Results indicate that a single multiphase retention function is suitable for describing two- and three-phase S-P relations in similar porous media; however, it is unclear whether the scaling factors can be predicted a priori from ratios of interfacial tensions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1995.tb00312.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Core-Based Investigation of NMR Logging as a Tool for Characterization of Shallow Unconsolidated Aquifers (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 37 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: Uncompacted vadose zone sand aquifers, with their highly interconnected pores and tendency to contain iron-rich cements and clay skins, are not necessarily susceptible to characterization by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) wireline logging. A necessary condition for valid application of this technology to such aquifers is that the NMR signal may be quantitatively related to pore size. To test the hypothesis that this is the case, pore image and NMR data were acquired from cores collected from three sand units beneath the Savannah River Site in South Carolina. Statistical unmixing of pore image and transverse relaxation time (T2) data allowed the pore space to be subdivided into image-based pore types and NMR endmembers, respectively. The image-based pore classification bears a systematic relationship to hydraulic conductivity, and is thus shown to be petrophysically relevant. However, the image-based and NMR components cannot be correlated with one another in terms of either volumetric abundance or size characteristics. The hypothesis was therefore rejected. The lack of correlation is attributed to either, or both, of two effects: coupling of NMR response from spatially associated pores of different pore types, and variation in pore wall relaxivity resulting from the heterogeneous distribution of pore lining iron-stained clay skins. These results do not condemn the use of NMR logging in consolidated aquifers in which neither of these effects occurs, but further research is needed to establish whether there are any conditions under which unconsolidated aquifers may be validly characterized using this technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1999.tb00957.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Capture Zone Geometry in a Fractured Carbonate Aquifer (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 35 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: This study examined a fractured carbonate aquifer that has a transition from porous media type (continuum) flow near the bedrock surface to discrete fracture (non continuum) flow at depth. Three depth zones were delineated using a borehole flowmeter, borehole video logs, and pumping tests. The upper zone is fractured to the degree where it behaves hydraulically as a continuum, the middle zone is less fractured and behaves as a discretely fractured aquifer, and the lower zone is least fractured, has no measurable fracture interconnection, and behaves as an aquitard. These zones were not related to lithologic boundaries, showing that monitoring well design based solely on lithology may be inappropriate in some fractured systems.The geometries of capture zones in this aquifer were determined by combining the field observations with numerical modeling. The capture zone geometries are very complex, containing thin a really extensive features around fractures in the middle zone which extend over an area 17.5 times greater than the capture area in the upper continuum zone. A capture zone computed with lumped aquifer parameters leads to inaccurate conceptualization of capture zone geometry at this site.The presence of open core hole monitoring wells affected the flow regime under both ambient and pumping conditions. The wells act as short circuits between otherwise isolated fractures and fracture zones. By connecting the continuum to the non continuum flow regime with the wells, ambient flow in the non continuum regime was increased by a factor of 20. Under pumping conditions, the presence of the monitoring wells alters the capture zone of the pumping well. Discrete fractures provide a connection between the pumping and observation wells at depth that causes separate cones of depression to be formed around observation wells in the upper aquifer, and thus, the capture zone in the near-surface aquifer may include multiple, isolated areas around monitoring wells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00176.x
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