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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 37 (1995), S. 105-122 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Host defense peptides are widely distributed in nature, being found in species from bacteria to humans. The structures of these peptides from insects, horseshoe crabs, frogs, and mammals are known to have the common features of a net cationic charge due to the presence of multiple Arg and Lys residues and in most cases the ability to form amphipathic structures. These properties are important for the mechanism of action that is thougln to be a nonreceptor-mediated interaction with the anionic phospholipids of the target cell followed by incorporation into the membrane and disruption of the membrane structure. Host defense peptides have been shown to have broad spectrum antimicrobial activity, able to kill most strains of bacteria as well as some fungi, protozoa, and in addition, many types of tumor cells. Specificity for pathogenic cells over host cells is thought to be due to the composition of the cell membranes, with an increased proportion of anionic phospholipids making the pathogen more susceptible and the presence of cholesterol making the host membranes more resistant. Structure-activity relationship studies have been performed on insect cecropins and apidaecins. horseshoe crab tachyplesins and polyphemusins. and the frog magainins. CPFs (caerulein precursor fragments) and PGLa. In general, changes that increased the basicity and stabilized the amphipathic structure have increased the antimicrobial activity: however, as the peptides become more hydrophobic the degree of specificity decreases. One magainin-2 analogue. MSI-78. has been developed by Magainin Pharmaceuticals as a topical antiinefective and is presently in clinical trials for the treatment of infected diabetic foot ulcers. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 16 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 30 (1995), S. 778-780 
    ISSN: 1076-5174
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1076-5174
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The non-ester silicon-containing pyrethroid SSI-116 and its carbon analogue (ethofenprox, MTI-500) were investigated using a tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer incorporating a hexapole collision cell under positive-ion electron impact ionization conditions. Conventional mass spectrometry using the first quadrupole analyser only and tandem mass spectrometry on selected precursor ions and product ions, and also constant neutral loss scan experiments, were used. Accurate mass measurements on key ions were made using a high-resolution double-focusing mass spectrometer. Based on the experimental observations, mechanisms have been proposed to explain the major fragmentation pathways of SSI-116 and ethofenprox. The novel expulsion of silaethene, CH2=SiH2, as a neutral species from the silicon-containing insecticide and the formation of an ion at m/z 135, isomeric with the fragment ion, [C9H11O]+, observed in the spectrum of its carbon analogue, have also been rationalized. Minor fragmentation pathways, found only in the silicon-containing analogue, are also discussed.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 23 (1995), S. 851-857 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Because the chemical states of the elements in SrTiO3 thin film on Si are reduced by argon ion beam bombardment, it was impossible to sputter depth profile the chemical states of SrTiO3 thin film by argon ion beams. In this paper, it is reported that the undistorted chemical states of Ti and Si at the SrTiO3/Si interface can be determined with oxygen ion beams at the appropriate 70° angle of incidence, with which either metallic Ti is not oxidized or Ti in SrTiO3 is not reduced. Under the sputter depth profiling conditions, the chemical state of Ti at the SrTiO3/Si interface could be successfully characterized and the effects of post-annealing at high temperature on the chemical state of Ti were studied. A significant number of Ti atoms in the metallic state were observed at the SrTiO3/Si interface without any post-annealing but all of them were oxidized to the Ti4+ chemical state after 2 h post-annealing at the temperatures above 600°C under oxygen flow. The dielectric properties of SrTiO3 thin films on Si were well correlated to the oxidation state of Ti and the broadening of the interface SiO2 layer induced by post-annealing at high temperature.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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