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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (1,424)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (134)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1,558)
  • Elsevier
  • Oxford University Press
  • 1995-1999  (1,489)
  • 1945-1949  (69)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (1,558)
  • Elsevier
  • Oxford University Press
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chelating resins. III. Synthesis, characterization, and capacity studies of formaldehyde-condensed phenolic schiff bases derived from 1,2-diamines and hydroxy benzaldehydes (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 62 (1996), S. 1437-1444 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Schiff bases of hydroxy benzaldehydes with aliphatic and aromatic 1,2-diamines were re-sinified in HCHO in alkaline media. These resins were found to form complexes readily with Cu(II), Co(II), and Ni(II). The materials were characterized by infrared, 1H-NMR, UV-visible (UV-vis) spectral studies, and thermogravimetric analyses. The phenolic oxygen and the azomethene nitrogen were the ligating sites, one or more lattice positions in polychelates being occupied by water molecules. 1H-NMR provided evidence for bridging methylene and terminal methylol groups. The UV-vis spectra showed weak absorptions in the d - d transition range. Capacity studies of the resins indicated metal loading up to 70% at room temperature in an appropriate pH of the salt solutions. The effects of contact time, particle size of the sorbents, resin quantity, and pH on the adsorption characteristics were studied. In the pH range 3-8, the resins derived from the structurally rigid Schiff bases exhibited higher capacity for the metal ions than the resins derived from structurally flexible Schiff bases. Kinetic parameters computed from the thermogravimetric data indicated the resins to be more stable than the corresponding polychelates. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study of a zinc chloride in poly(ethylene glycol) layer on an aluminium oxide surface by inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (1995)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 23 (1995), S. 565-569 
    Details
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy is used to compare the adsorption onto aluminium oxide of poly(ethylene glycol) of relative molar mass 400 (PEG400) with poly(ethylene glycol) that has been coordinated with zinc chloride. This work carried out on a low-molecular-weight analogue of a polymer electrolyte reveals that the steric hinderance brought about by the coordination of zinc chloride with poly(ethylene glycol) changes the mechanism by which the polymer bonds to an aluminium oxide surface. The zinc bonds both to atmospheric water and to the ether oxygens in the polymer, which restricts the conformational freedom of the polymer. This restriction causes the attachment of the polymer to the aluminium oxide substrate to be primarily by hydrogen bonding, which reveals itself through the appearance of an extra peak in the inelastic electron tunneling spectrum at ∼440 meV. The implication is that when monolayer coatings of PEG400/ZnCl2 are adsorbed on aluminium oxide, the coordination of the zinc with the polymer imposes a structure upon the latter.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.740230717
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of elastomeric liners on high-pressure liquid propellant combustion oscillationsThis work is supported by the Department of Defense Office of Munitions and the Department of Energy through a Memorandum of Understanding. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 20 (1995), S. 311-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 0721-3115
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Liquid propellants are currently being investigated as an alternative to solid propellants in advanced gun designs. The use of liquids may provide advantages in the areas of safety, cost and performance. One area of concern in liquid propellant gun designs is the presence of large pressure oscillations: oscillations of ± 50% of the baseline pressure have been observed. These oscillations may result in a degradation of performance and reliability. The source of pressure oscillations and possible mitigation schemes are being studied in the Sandia Liquid Propellant Injector/Combustor. In this research device, the effect of acoustic liners on pressure oscillations in a high-pressure (128 MPa) liquid propellant spray combustor is studied for a hydroxylammonium nitrate-based propellant. In this study we investigated the effects of orientation and coverage fraction of elastomer liners on pressure oscillation reduction. Results for a range of elastomer/steel liner combinations are presented. along with an acoustic model and a correlation the data. The results indicate that: (1) linears can reduce oscillations by approximately three order of magnitude,(2) the reduction in pressure oscillation is independent of the placement of liners relative to the propellant flow, and (3) the magnitude of the oscillations can be correlated with the acoustic properties of the wall material.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19950200606
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Friedel-crafts polyketones: Synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial properties (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 241 (1996), S. 31-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Durch Friedel-Crafts-Reaktion von 2-Chloranisol mit Chloracetylchlorid und 1,2-Dichlorethan oder Dichlormethan mit wasserfreiem Aluminiumchlorid als Katalysator und Kohlenstoffdisulfid als Lösungsmittel wurden unter verschiedenen experimentellen Bedingungen sieben Polyketone hergestellt. Diese wurden mittels IR-Spektroskopie, Dampfdruckosmometrie, Thermogravimetrie und Differentialkalorimetrie charakterisiert; der Chlorgehalt wurde nach Carius bestimmt. Die Polyketone wurden hinsichtlich ihrer antimikrobiellen Eigenschaften gegen ausgewählte Mikroorganismen untersucht. Die Ergebnisse weisen darauf hin, daß einige dieser Harze gute antimikrobielle Eigenschaften gegenüber den untersuchten Mikroorganismen aufweisen und möglicherweise als Biozide kommerziell eingesetzt werden können.
    Notes: A series of seven polyketones was prepared by Friedel-Crafts reaction using 2-chloroanisole, choroacetyl chloride, 1,2-dichloroethane and dichloromethane with anhydrous aluminium chloride as catalyst and carbon disulfide as a solvent under different experimental conditions. The polyketones thus obtained were characterized by determination of the chlorine content (Carius method), IR spectroscopy, vapour-pressure osmometry, thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. All these polyketones were tested for their antimicrobial properties against selected microorganisms. The results indicate that some of these resins show fair to good antimicrobial properties towards tested microorganisms and may be used as commercial biocides.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1996.052410103
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological changes in annealed ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) gel-filmsPart of this paper was presented in the International Symposium on Polymer Alloys and Composites held in Hong Kong in December, 1992. (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 33 (1995), S. 739-744 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: morphology ; annealing ; UHMWPE gel-film, IR spectral difference ; x-ray diffraction ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: X-ray diffraction of the UHMWPE gel-films has shown that high heating rate annealing of the films causes deformation of the crystallites. The apparent crystal sizes change with the annealing temperature (Ta). With Ta below 110°C, the dimensions of the crystallites in c-axis (Lc) increase associated with the decreasing in a-axis (La) and b-axis (Lb), but the changes are small because of the higher energy barrier. When Ta is raised to 138°C, Lc is nearly doubled its value at 60°C whereas Lb increases and La remains unchanged. IR spectral subtraction was applied to reveal the morphological changes of the gel-films upon annealing. It has been found that bands of the same type of conformation have different sensitivities subject to the thermal treatment at different annealing temperatures. The results can be understood by assuming the changing process being completed through chain segments sliding along the (020) sectors. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1995.090330501
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer modeling of the formation of radical pairs in amorphous high density polyethylene (HDPE) (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 34 (1996), S. 901-908 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: hydrogen atom ejection ; radical-pair formation ; computer modelling of in ; n-hydrocarbons and high density polyethylene (HDPE) ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Hydrogen atom ejection and subsequent radical pair formation have been modeled in a simple atomistic study employing a BIOSYM amorphous polyethylene macrocell. Mean radical pair distances have been obtained for various maximum hydrogen displacement vibrational cone angles (φ) in the model. φ angles extrapolated from these data, which correspond to experimentally determined mean radical pair distances of Dubinskii et al. (ca. 5.6 Å) and Iwasaki et al. (ca. 5.75 Å), are found to be close to φ angles calculated from hydrogen atom ejection theory. The Dubinskii et al. mean is thought to be the best determination, because the associated model φ angle (ca. φ = 15°) is the closest to φ* angles calculated for excited states of methane. The simple computer model thus supports the mechanism of radical pair formation in solid n-hydrocarbons and polyethylenes. In corroborating the theory for radical pair formation, the theory for polyene crosslinking termination reactions in amorphous polyethylenes irradiated in the presence of acetylene is also supported, because the mechanism requires the prior formation of radical pairs that are separated by distances of the order of those found by Dubinskii et al. The model is transferable to the study of radical-pair reactions in solid n-hydrocarbons irrespective of branching and density variations. A distribution function of radical pair distances from this model, which corresponds to the Dubinskii et al. experimentally determined mean distance, is given for amorphous HDPE. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transmission electron microscopy of 3F/PMDA-polypropylene oxide triblock copolymer based nanofoams (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 35 (1997), S. 1067-1076 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: transmission electron microscopy ; block copolymer ; polyimide ; nanofoam ; porous films ; polymer foam ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Transmission electron microscopy was performed on a polymeric nanofoam material, derived from a triblock copolymer composed of a fluorinated polyimide center block, 3F/PMDA (derived from pyromelletic dianhydride (PMDA) and 1,1-bis(4-aminophenyl)-1-phenyl-2,2,2-trifluoroethane (3F)) and polypropylene oxide (PO) end blocks. The cast and imidized polymer exhibits a microphase-separated morphology consisting of PO microdomains within a polyimide matrix. The final nanofoam material is obtained by decomposing PO microdomains into low molecular weight products, which diffuse out of the polyimide matrix leaving nanometer length scale voids. Ruthenium tetroxide staining prior to microscopy was used to enhance the contrast between the 3F/PMDA matrix and the PO microdomains or voids, which permitted a more detailed view of the microstructure of both the foamed and unfoamed materials. From the power spectra of the micrographs, spatial correlation between the PO microdomains in the unfoamed material and between the voids in the foam were found. An interdomain separation distance of ca. 37 nm was observed. Analysis of the image yielded an average area of 411 nm2 for the PO domains. The analysis indicated that the PO domains were oblong, having average major and minor dimensions of 35 and 12.5 nm, respectively. An autocorrelation of the image showed that the domain center of masses were positioned 41 nm apart, in close agreement with the domain spacing (ca. 37 nm) found as described above. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 1067-1076, 1997
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nano-structured, semicrystalline polymer foams (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 34 (1996), S. 3063-3072 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: nano-structured foams ; semicrystalline polymers ; small-angle scattering ; platelet model ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Semicrystalline polymers gelled from thermally quenched semidilute solutions can, in some cases, be supercritically dried to produce nano-structured foams of exceedingly high specific surface area. This article investigates the nano-morphology of these semicrystalline foams. The common morphological feature that these systems display in small-angle scattering can be described by uncorrelated lamellar platelets. The morphological details, which can be obtained using microscopy and small-angle scattering, indicate that these low-density systems occupy a morphological niche between polymeric crystallites from dilute solutions, and spherulitic crystals derived from concentrated solutions and melts. Because these crystalline morphologies occur in concentration ranges between dilute and concentrated, they may offer simple insight into the mechanisms available for distortion of ideal, dilute-solution-derived crystallites as polymer concentration is increased. Several mechanisms for the observed distortions are proposed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of crack tip shielding mechanisms in fatigue of hybrid epoxy composites containing rubber and solid glass spheres (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58 (1995), S. 449-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The fatigue crack propagation (FCP) resistance of epoxy-based composites containing various concentrations of solid glass spheres (SGS) and/or reactive liquid rubber (CTBN) was examined. The FCP results show that the simultaneous use of rubber and solid glass spheres (hybrid composites) results in synergistic improvement in FCP resistance of composites through the entire crack growth regime. The nature of synergistic interactions was elucidated by careful examination of the fatigue fracture surfaces and the subfatigue fracture surfaces of fatigue samples. It was shown that when rubber particles cavitate in the vicinity of the glass spheres, regardless of the nature of the interface, glass particle debonding from the matrix is suppressed due to a change in the crack tip localized stress state. This, in turn, results in improved pinning/bridging efficiency of the glass spheres. Furthermore, it was shown that crack tip plastic zone-rubber particle interactions induce a transition in FCP behavior of rubber-modified epoxies. Consequently, crack tip shielding mechanisms become active when the size of the plastic zone at the crack tip becomes large compared to the size of the rubber particles. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070580223
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance of small diameter synthetic vascular prostheses with confluent autologous endothelial cell linings (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 30 (1996), S. 221-229 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Autologous grafts are superior to their synthetic counterparts for grafting arteries smaller than 6-mm diameter both in terms of acute thrombogenicity and chronic intimal hyperplasia. Endothelial cell (EC) coating of the blood contacting surface may reduce thrombogenicity of synthetic small diameter vascular prostheses. In this study, the survival of EC monolayers on synthetic 4-mm diameter arterial prostheses over short-term implantations (≤6 weeks) was examined. Graft types examined were expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) and microporous polyurethane (PU). Lumenal coverage with ECs was achieved by culturing ovine ECs on prostheses treated by either physical adsorption or covalent binding of ovine fibronectin (Fn). An ovine carotid interposition model was used to examine the performance of EC coated ePTFE and microporous PU over implantation periods of 1, 3, and 6 weeks. Outcomes assessed at the end of each experiment were graft patency, area covered by ECs, and thrombus free surface area (TFSA). Fn concentration, cell density at the time of coating and prostacyclin production in vitro were similar for both graft types. Occlusion occurred more frequently in unseeded grafts compared with EC coated grafts over 3 and 6 week implantation periods; however, the difference was not significant (p = 0.099). In prostheses precoated with ECs, approximately 40-60% of the surface area remained covered with endothelial-like cells following the first postoperative week. Recovery of EC layers occurred rapidly thereafter with 80-90% coverage at 3 weeks. TFSA remained low in comparison to EC cover in these prostheses until between 3 and 6 weeks postoperatively, suggesting a lag phase in recovery of EC function of seeded cells. In contrast, EC cover of unseeded prostheses only achieved 10-30% at 3 weeks, primarily by pannus EC ingrowth from the adjacent artery. TFSA of unseeded grafts increased in direct proportion to EC cover over time suggesting that there was no lag phase in function of these ingrowing cells. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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