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  • Chemistry  (7)
  • Synechocystis  (4)
  • 1995-1999  (8)
  • 1945-1949  (1)
  • 1870-1879  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of salt-regulated genes in the genome of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 by subtractive RNA hybridization (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 172 (1999), S. 377-386 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Chaperone ; Cyanobacteria ; groEL ; isiA ; RNA helicase ; Salt stress ; Subtractive RNA ¶hybridization ; Synechocystis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract To identify genes transcribed preferentially under salt stress, a subtractive RNA hybridization procedure was applied to the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. The screening of a genomic library led to the identification of several RNA species that were more abundant in salt-stressed cells than in control cells. Salt-dependent transcription of the identified genes was verified in Northern blot experiments. In addition to the previously characterized genes cpn60 (encoding GroEL; a molecular chaperone) and isiA (encoding a chlorophyll-binding protein), genes encoding a protein of unknown function (slr0082) and a putative RNA helicase (slr0083) were identified as salt-regulated genes in Synechocystis. Genes slr0082 and slr0083, located at sites adjacent to each other on the Synechocystis chromosome, were transcribed from separate promoters and showed the most significant induction 1–3 h after salt shock. The salt-regulated promoters of these two genes were mapped. Genes cpn60, slr0082, and slr0083 were also found to be induced by a cold shock. The possible role of the identified gene products for salt adaptation of Synechocystis is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050774
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glucosylglycerol-phosphate synthase: target for ion-mediated regulation of osmolyte synthesis in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 171 (1999), S. 101-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Cyanobacteria ; Glucosylglycerol-phosphate ; synthase/phosphatase ; Ions ; Osmolytes ; Salt activation ; Synechocystis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The response of cyanobacteria to a changing osmotic environment includes the accumulation of organic osmolytes such as glucosylglycerol. The activation of the enzymes involved in glucosylglycerol synthesis [glucosylglycerol-phosphate synthase (GGPS) and glucosylglycerol-phosphate phosphatase (GGPP)] in Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 by various salts and salt concentrations was investigated in vitro. GGPS seemed to be the target for salt-mediated regulation of glucosylglycerol synthesis in vitro. GGPS activation was dependent on the concentration of NaCl, and a sigmoidal plot was obtained. Sensitivity to NaCl was markedly enhanced by low Mg+2 concentrations (optimal at 4 mM), but Mg2+ was not absolutely necessary for the Na+ stimulation. As in the case of NaCl, other salts (including MgCl2) stimulated GGPS. The relative order of GGPS activation in the presence of chloride by the cations at constant ionic strength was Li+ 〉 Na+ 〉 K+, Mg2+ Mn2+. No absolute dependence on ionic strength was observed in Mg2+/Na+-exchange experiments. The degree of activation by ions at various concentrations was positively related to the increasing destabilizing properties of the cations according to the Hofmeister rule, where chaotropic cations are most efficient. Cations were responsible for activation since chaotropic anions counteracted the activating effect of cations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050684
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of a glucosylglycerol-phosphate-accumulating, salt-sensitive mutant of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 (1996)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 166 (1996), S. 83-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Cyanobacteria ; Glucosylglycerol-phosphate ; Osmoprotective compounds ; Random ; cartridge mutagenesis ; Salt adaptation ; StpA protein ; Synechocystis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Salt-sensitive mutants of Synechocystis were obtained by random cartridge mutagenesis, and one mutant (mutant 4) was characterized in detail. The salt tolerance of mutant 4 was reduced to about 20% of that of the wild-type. This was caused by a defect in the biosynthetic pathway of the osmoprotective compound glucosylglycerol (GG). Salt-treated cells of mutant 4 accumulated the intermediate glucosylglycerol-phosphate (GG-P). Only low levels of phosphate-free GG were detected. The phosphorylated form of GG was not osmoprotective and seemed to be toxic. In vitro enzyme assays revealed that GG-P-phosphatase activity was completely absent in mutant 4, while GG-P-synthase remained unchanged. The integration site of the aphII cartridge in mutant 4 and the corresponding wild-type region was cloned and sequenced. Mutant 4 was complemented to salt resistance after transformation by the cloned wild-type region. The integration of the cartridge led to a deletion of about 1.1 kb of the chromosomal DNA. This affected two of the identified putative protein coding regions, orfII and stpA. The ORFII protein shows a high degree of similarity to the receiver domain of response regulator proteins. Related sequences were not found for StpA. We assume that in mutant 4, regulatory genes necessary for the process of salt adaptation in Synechocystis are impaired.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050360
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isolation of salt-induced periplasmic proteins from Synechocystis sp. strain PCC 6803 (1999)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 171 (1999), S. 214-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Cyanobacteria ; Periplasmic proteins ; Salt ; adaptation ; Synechocystis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Periplasmic proteins were obtained from control cells and salt-adapted cells of the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 using the method of cold osmotic shock. Two of these proteins (PP 1, apparent mol. mass 27.6 kDa, and PP 3, apparent mol. mass 39.9 kDa) were accumulated in high amounts in the periplasm of salt-adapted cells, while the major periplasmic protein (PP 2, apparent mol. mass 36.0 kDa) was accumulated independently from salt. After isolation from gels and partial sequencing, the proteins could be assigned to proteins deduced from the complete genome sequence of Synechocystis. Neither salt-induced periplasmic proteins (PP 1, Slr0924 and PP 3, Slr1485) exhibited sequence similarity to proteins of known function from databases. The major protein (PP 2-Slr0513) showed significant sequence similarities to iron-binding proteins. All proteins included typical leader sequences at their N-terminus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050702
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Untersuchungen zur Initiierung interkristalliner Schwingungsrisse in interstitiell freien (IF-) Stählen (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik 28 (1997), S. 287-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0933-5137
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Investigations of initiation of intercrystalline fatigue cracks of interstitial free (IF-) steelsWhile investigation the fatigue strength of interstitial free steels, intercrystalline fatigue cracks have occurred as a damage which could reduce the application range of this material, being wellknown for its excellent depth drawing features. Through metallographic examination the known causes of the damage like formation of grain cover tertiary zementit of precipitations on the grain boundaries could be excluded. In this paper investigation results are represented which are received through high-resolution analyses techniques (TEM, AES).
    Notes: Bei Untersuchungen zur Ermüdungsfestigkeit interstitiell freier Stähle sind mit dem Auftreten interkristalliner Schwingungsrisse erstmals Schadensmechanismen aufgetreten, die den Einsatzbereich dieses für seine hervorragenden mechanischen Eigenschaften bekannten Werkstoffes erheblich begrenzen können. In metallographischen Untersuchungen konnten die für dieses Schadensbild bekannten Ursachen wie die Bildung von schalenförmigem Tertiärzementit oder die Schwächung der Korngrenzen durch Ausscheidungen ausgeschlossen werden. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden Untersuchungsergebnisse mit hochauflösenden elektronenoptischen Analyseverfahren (TEN, AES) vorgestellt.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mawe.19970280610
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vitamine D2. Etude de la purification et du dosage de la vitamine D2, dans les preparations pharmaceutiques et de quelques esters de calciférol (1946)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 29 (1946), S. 1366-1371 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Dans cette note, il nous a paru intéressant de préciser les caractères physiques du calciférol chimiquement pur qui doit être employé en thérapeutique pour les doses massives utilisées par les cliniciens dans les diverses formes de tuberculose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.19460290564
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and Structure of Mixed Ba12F19ClδBr5-δ Crystals (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 622 (1996), S. 1374-1380 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Mixed barium halides ; crystal growth ; X-ray diffraction ; Raman spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthese und Struktur von Ba12F19ClδBr5-δ-MischkristallenIn der Struktur Ba12F19Cl5 [hexagonale Raumgruppe P62m] kann Chlorid auf den Positionen Cl(1) und Cl(2) teilweise durch Bromidionen ersetzt werden. Einkristalle des Typs Ba12F19ClδBr5-δ mit einem Chlorid zu Bromid Verhältnis von maximal 2 : 3 wurden aus einer Schmelze von 75 mol% BaF2 und 25 mol% BaX2 (X = Cl, Br) erhalten. Die Kristallqualität nimmt mit zunehmendem Bromidgehalt ab. Strukturdaten von fünf ausgewählten Einkristallen mit unterschiedlichem Chlorid zu Bromid Verhältnis wurden mit Hilfe von Röntgen-Einkristallbeugungsmethoden bestimmt. Die verfeinerten Besetzungswerte der Halogene stimmen gut mit dem Cl zu Br Verhältnis der Schmelze überein. Die Gitterparameter und interatomaren Abstände ändern sich, wenn Cl- durch das größere Br- ersetzt wird. Die Verfeinerungen zeigen eine statistische Verteilung der Halogene auf beiden Gitterplätzen, wobei allerdings Cl- auf der Position Cl(1) bevorzugt durch Br- ersetzt wird.
    Notes: In the structure Ba12F19Cl5 [hexagonal space group P62m] the two chlorides on the sites Cl(1) and Cl(2) can partially be replaced by bromide ions. Single crystals of the type Ba12F19ClδBr5-δ with a chloride to bromide ratio up to 2 : 3 could be obtained by cooling a flux of 75 mol% BaF2 and 25 mol% BaX2 with X = Cl, Br. The crystal quality decreases with increasing bromide concentration. Structural parameters of five selected single crystals with different chloride/bromide ratio were studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction methods. The refined total Cl-/Br- population ratio in the crystals is close to the one of the flux. The lattice parameters and interatomic distances change in various ways, when the smaller chloride ion is replaced by the bigger bromide ion. The refinements show a statistical disorder on the halide sites with preferential bromide substitution on site Cl(1).
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19966220816
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and Structure of Ba6Mg7F26 (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 623 (1997), S. 573-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Barium magnesium fluorides ; X-ray crystallography, Raman spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthese und Struktur von Ba6Mg7F26Eine neue Verbindung des binären Phasendiagramms von BaF2 und MgF2 wurde synthetisiert. Nach Czrochalsky-Kristallzucht von BaMgF4 wurden nadelförmige Kristalle an der Oberfläche der verbleibenden Schmelze gefunden. Ba6Mg7F26 kristallisiert in der orthorhombischen Raumgruppe Immm mit den Gitterparametern von a = 585.35(4), b = 1214.95(7) und c = 1511.09(9) pm.Die Struktur wird aufgebaut von perowskit- und rutilähnlichen Bausteinen. Alle Mg2+ haben eine oktaedrische Umgebung von F mit minimalen (maximalen) Bindungslängen von 192,1(2) (227.4(3)) pm.Ba1 und Ba2 haben verschiedene Koordinationspolyeder mit den Koordinationszahlen (CN) von 12 + 1 und 12. Die verschiedenen Anionen haben CN von 6, 4 bzw. 3 zu den benachbarten Metallatomen.Vorläufige Raman Messungen zeigen deutliche Unterschiede zwischen den Spektren von BaMgF4 und Ba6Mg7F26.
    Notes: A new compound in the binary phase diagram of BaF2 and MgF2 was synthesized. After Czrochalsky growth of BaMgF4, needle shaped crystals were found on the surface of the cooled residual mass. The compound Ba6Mg7F26 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Immm with lattice parameters of a = 585.35(4), b = 1214.95(7), and c = 1511.09(9) pm.The global structure can be described as build up of perovskite like blocks and rutile related parts. Magnesium ions have an octahedral fluoride environment with minimum (maximum) bond distances of 192.1(2) (227.4(3)) pm.Two different barium environments with coordination number (C.N.) of 12 + 1 (Ba1) and 12 (Ba2) were found. The different fluoride ions can have C.N. of 6, 4 or 3 with the nearest metal atoms.Preliminary Raman spectra show significant differences between BaMgF4 and Ba6Mg7F26.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19976230189
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and Structure of Ba12F19Cl5 (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 622 (1996), S. 343-347 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Barium halides ; X-ray crystallography ; optical studies ; Raman spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthese und Struktur von Ba12F19Cl5Eine neue Verbindung zur Ergänzung des binären Phasendiagramms von BaF2 und BaCl2 wurde synthetisiert. Aus einer Schmelze von BaFCl und BaF2 1 : 1 wurden Einkristalle von Ba12F19Cl5 erhalten. Die Verbindung kristallisiert bei Raumtemperatur in der nichtzentrosymmetrischen hexagonalen Raumgruppe P62m mit a = b = 1 408,48(14) und c = 427,33(5) pm.Für Barium wurden drei unterschiedliche Umgebungen mit der Koordinationszahl neun gefunden. Die Abstände Barium - Fluor variieren von 250,59(6) (verglichen mit anderen Ba—F Abständen ein sehr kurzer Abstand) bis 302,7(1) pm, während die Abstände Barium - Chlor von 331,55(3) bis 336,19(15) pm betragen. Die Strukturdaten werden durch Ramanmessungen ergänzt.
    Notes: A new member belonging to the binary phase diagram of BaF2 and BaCl2 was synthesized. The single domain crystals of Ba12F19Cl5 can be prepared from a nonstoichiometric flux with molar ratio of 1 : 1 between BaFCl and BaF2. The compound crystallizes at room temperature in the non-centrosymmetric hexagonal space group P62m with a = b = 1408.48(14) and c = 427.33(5) pm.Three different barium environements with coordination number of nine are found. The barium fluorine distances vary between 250.59(6) - a short distance compared to other Ba—F distances - and 302.7(1) pm and barium chlorine distances between 331.55(3) and 336.19(15) pm. This compound is further characterized using Raman spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19966220223
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bildung von Propionsäure aus Kohlenoxyd und Kalium- oder Natriumalkoholat (1871)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 4 (1871), S. 877-878 
    Details
    ISSN: 0365-9496
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.187100402113
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