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  • Articles  (16)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (12)
  • Coleoptera  (4)
  • 1995-1999  (16)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aggregation pheromone of coconut rhinoceros beetle,Oryctes rhinoceros (L.) (coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 21 (1995), S. 1549-1570 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Scarabaeidae ; Oryctes rhinoceros ; coconut rhinoceros beetle ; aggregation pheromone ; pheromone chirality ; ethyl 4-methyloctanoate ; ethyl 4-methylheptanoate ; 4-methyloctanoic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Male coconut rhinoceros beetles,Oryctes rhinoceros (L.), produce three sex-specific compounds, ethyl 4-methyloctanoate, ethyl 4-methylheptanoate, and 4-methyloctanoic acid, the first of which is an aggregation pheromone. Synthesis of these compounds involving conjugate addition of organocuprates to ethyl acrylate is reported. In field trapping experiments, (4S)-ethyl 4-methyloctanoate and the racemic mixture were equally attractive and 10 times more effective in attracting beetles than ethyl chrysanthemumate, a previously recommended attractant. Ethyl 4-methylheptanoate was as attractive as ethyl chrysanthemumate and more attractive than 4-methyloctanoic acid, but further studies are required before it can be classed as an aggregation pheromone. Compared to ethyl 4-methyloctanoate alone, combinations of the three male-produced compounds did not increase attraction, whereas addition of freshly rotting oil palm fruit bunches to pheromone-baited traps significantly enhanced attraction. With increasing dose, captures ofO. rhinoceros increased, but doses of 6, 9, and 18 mg/day were competitive with 30 mg/day lures. Newly designed vane traps were more effective in capturing beetles than were barrier or pitfall traps. Results of this study indicate that there is potential for using ethyl 4-methyloctanoate in operational programs to controlO. rhinoceros in oil palm plantations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02035152
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stereoselective synthesis of dominicalure 1 and 2: Components of aggregation pheromone from male lesser grain borerRhyzopertha dominica (F.) (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 22 (1996), S. 673-680 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pheromone ; Rhyzopertha dominica ; Coleoptera ; Bostrichidae ; dominicalure ; (S)-(+)-2-pentanol ; asymmetric reduction ; (E)-2-methyl-2-pentenoic acid ; (E)-2,4-dimethyl-2-pentenoic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Dominicalure 1 (9a) and dominicalure 2 (9b), were synthesized by esterification of α,β-unsaturated acids4a and4b with (S)-(+)-2-pentanol (8). The key step was the asymmetric reduction of 3-penten-2-one (5) to give the chiral intermediate6, which, upon diimide reduction, DNB derivatization, recrystallization, and hydrolysis, yielded8 in 63% ee. Acids4a and4b were prepared in a simple and efficient three-step synthesis with an overall yield of 54% and 62%, respectively, in stereoisomerically pure form.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02033577
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aggregation Pheromones and Host Kairomones of West Indian Sugarcane Weevil, Metamasius hemipterus sericeus (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 869-888 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Coleoptera ; Curculionidae ; Metamasius hemipterus sericeus ; aggregation pheromones ; pheromone chirality ; (4S, 5S)-4-methyl-5-nonanol ; 2-methyl-4-heptanol ; sugarcane ; ethyl acetate ; ethyl propionate ; ethyl butyrate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Coupled gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses and coupled GC-mass spectrometry (MS) of volatiles produced by male and female West Indian sugarcane weevils (WISW), Metamasius hemipterus sericeus (Oliv.), revealed eight male specific, EAD-active compounds: 3-pentanol (1), 2-methyl-4-heptanol (2), 2-methyl-4-octanol (3), 4-methyl-5-nonanol (4), and the corresponding ketones. In field experiments in Florida, alcohols 1–4 in combination with sugarcane were most attractive, whereas addition of the ketones or replacement of alcohols with ketones significantly reduced attraction. In Costa Rica field experiments testing alcohols 1–4 singly and in all binary, ternary, and quaternary combinations revealed 4 in combination with 2 was the major aggregation pheromone, equally attracting male and female WISW. Stereoisomeric 4 and (4S,5S)-4, the only isomer produced by WISW, were equally attractive. Addition of 4S-, 4R- or (±)-2 to (4S,5S)-4 significantly enhanced attraction. Sugarcane stalks in combination with 2 plus 4 (ratio of 1:8) were highly synergistic, whereas EAD-active sugarcane volatiles ethyl acetate, ethyl propionate, or ethyl butyrate only moderately increased attractiveness of the pheromone lure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006377.13235.4b
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spinal cord central canal of the German shepherd dog: Morphological, histological, and ultrastructural considerations (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 224 (1995), S. 205-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study deals with some macroscopical, microscopical, and ultrastructural aspects of the spinal cord central canal of the German shepherd dog. The caudal end of the spinal cord is constituted by the conus medullaris, which may extend to the first sacral vertebra, the terminal ventricle, and the filum terminale. The latter structure is considered as internum (second to third sacral vertebrae) or externum (fifth caudal vertebra), according to its relation to the dura mater. Occasionally, there is a second anchorage which is close to the level of the sixth caudal vertebra. The central canal is surrounded by a ciliated ependymal epithelium, which differs depending upon the levels. The most caudal part of the filum terminale bears a columnar ciliated ependymal epithelium surrounded by two layers of glia and pia mater, which separate the central canal from the subarachnoid space. Microfil injections show a communication between the cavity and the subarachnoid space, as the plastic is able to pass through the ependymal epithelium. At the level of the terminal ventricle there are real separations of the ependymal epithelium, which seem to connect the lumen of the spinal canal with the subarachnoid space. These structures probably constitute one of the drainage pathways of the cerebrospinal fluid. The diameter of the central canal is related to the age of the animal. However, even in very old animals the spinal cord central canal reaches the tip of the filum terminale and remains patent until death. At the ultrastructural level the ependymal cells present villi, located on cytoplasmic projections, cilia, dense mitochondria, and oval nuclei. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052240209
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal variation in ovarian histology of the viviparous lizard Sceloporus torquatus torquatus (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 226 (1995), S. 103-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Changes in ovarian histology during the reproductive cycle of the viviparous lizard Sceloporus torquatus torquatus are described. In general, the variation in follicular histology observed during the seasonal cycle is similar to that of other lizards. Sceloporus t. torquatus exhibits a cycle in which small, previtellogenic follicles exist in the ovary from December to August. Vitellogenesis occurs between September and November, followed by ovulation from late November to early December. Parturition occurs the following spring. After ovulation, the remaining follicular cells form the corpus luteum and luteolysis did not occur until April-May. Follicular atresia is commonly observed in previtellogenic follicles with polymorphic granulosa, but occurs less frequently in follicles during late vitellogenesis. There are two germinal beds in each ovary. The yolk nucleus is evident in young oocytes as is a vacuolated ooplasma prior to vitellogenesis. Extensive polymorphism is observed in yolk platelets. Mast cells and secretory cells are observed in the thecal layer of the follicular wall as are melanocytes in the ovarian stroma. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1052260107
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Overexpression of an epitope- tagged β-tubulin in Chinese hamster ovary cells causes an increase in endogenous α-tubulin synthesis (1995)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 31 (1995), S. 259-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: microtubules ; transfection ; hemagglutinin antigen ; autoregulation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A Chinese hamster β-tubulin cDNA, engineered to express a 9 amino acid epitope from the influenza hemagglutinin antigen (HA), was transfected into Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The recombinant protein (HAβ1-tubulin) appeared to behave normally by the following criteria: immunofluorescence indicated that HAβ1-tubulin incorporated into all classes of interphase and spindle microtubules as well as microtubule organizing centers. The sensitivity of the cells expressing HAβ1-tubulin to Colcemid and taxol was unchanged. A 210 kD microtubule associated protein (MAP) remained associated with microtubules that incorporate HAβ1-tubulin. The synthesis of both endogenous β-tubulin and HAβ1-tubulin was repressed by colchicine. The HAβ1-tubulin incorporated into microtubules to the same extent as the endogenous β-tubulin, and the overall extent of microtubule assembly in transfected cells was unchanged. Finally, trasfected cells had normal growth rates and morphologies. When effects on endogenous tubulin production were measured, it was found that expression of the HAβ1-tubulin reduced the synthesis of endogenous wild-type β-tubulin but increased the synthesis of α-tubulin. At steady state, a small increase in total tubulin consistent with the increased synthesis of α-tubulin was found. The results indicate that expression of excess exogenous β-tubulin perturbs the synthesis of endogenous α-tubulin in a manner that is not easily explained by current models of tubulin regulation. The changes in tubulin synthesis along with degradation of excess tubulin subunits may reflect mechanisms that exist to ensure coordinate levels of α- and β-tubulin for assembly. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970310403
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antifeedant and toxic effects of sesquiterpenes fromSenecio palmensis to colorado potato beetle (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 21 (1995), S. 1255-1270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Senecio palmensis ; Asteraceae ; Leptinotarsa decemlineata ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; antifeedant ; toxic ; sesquiterpenes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A bioassay-guided fractionation of the aerial parts ofSenecio palmensis resulted in the isolation of two sesquiterpenes, 2,10-bisaboladien-1-one and 11β-acetoxy-5-angeloyloxy-silphinen-3-one. The bisabolene and the silphinene represented 0.012% and 0.024% of the plant dry weight, respectively. Both compounds showed antifeedant activity againstLeptinotarsa decemlineata larvae and adults in short-term choice and no-choice bioassays. Both compounds were also tested against different species of phytopathogenic fungi. The beetles were more sensitive to these compounds in choice than in no-choice assays, with a gradient of increasing sensitivity from second instars to adults. Bisabolene was 45 times less active as an antifeedant than juglone, which was tested as a positive control. The silphinen was more active than the bisabolene, with a range of activity similar to juglone. Furthermore, exposure of fourth instars to these compounds over a 24-hr period resulted in reduced feeding and growth rates. To distinguish between antifeedant and toxic effects, growth efficiencies were calculated as the slope of the regression of relative growth rate on relative consumption rate. The comparison of these results with those of antifeedant simulation and contact toxicity bioassays indicates that feeding inhibition is the primary mode of action of the bisabolene, while the silphinene shows both antifeedant and toxic effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02027560
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Order-disorder in T, T′, and T* phase: Superconductors and related materials (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 30 (1995), S. 193-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Superconductivity ; n-type superconductors ; Nonstoichiometry ; Superconducting oxides ; T, T′ ; T* structures ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: After reviewing microstructural studies on superconducting materials showing T, T′, and T* structural types, results are presented on the microstructure of some n-type superconductors and related materials prepared with accurate control of the oxygen stoichiometry. Electron microscopy is used to describe the ordering of interstitial oxygen defects in T-type La2NiO4+δ leading to the formation of the n = 2 term of a homologous series with the general formula La8nNi4nO16n+1. Structural transitions and superstructure formation in the Pr2-x-yCexSryCuO4-δ system are reported, where T, T′:;, and T* phases are isolated as a function of both Ce and Sr content. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070300302
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of amino acid-induced changes in ion fluxes in the regulation of hepatic protein synthesis (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 163 (1995), S. 277-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Alanine is a powerful stimulator of hepatic protein synthesis whose mechanism of action has not yet been ascertained. The present work aimed to elucidate whether rate changes in ion fluxes accompanying the transport of this amino acid could play a role in the stimulation of protein synthesis. In perfused livers, the utilization of alanine produced a net uptake of K+ of 1.5 μMol/min/liver, a progressively increasing efflux of Ca2+ to reach a maximum of 0.9 μMol/min/liver, and alkalization of the extracellular medium. Inhibition of Na+/K+ exchange by ouabain reversed only the uptake of K+, indicating that this is the main way for the efflux of Na+ cotransported with alanine. In isolated hepatocytes, the uptake of alanine increased the intracellular content of K+ and the cell volume. The following observations suggest that these changes, and not an increased intracellular concentration of Na+, are associated with the stimulation of protein synthesis: 1) Ouabain inhibited the alanine stimulation of L-[3H]-valine incorporation into protein without altering the basal rate of protein labeling; 2) ouabain had no effects on alanine uptake indicating that Na+ influx is not involved in the alanine stimulation of protein synthesis; 3) disruption of Na+ gradient across the plasma membrane by specific ionophores, monensin and gramicidin D, inhibited both basal and alanine-stimulated protein synthesis, but substitution of extracellular Na+ by K+ did not prevent the stimulatory action of alanine. The observation that hypotonic buffer enhanced protein synthesis to the same degree than alanine in liver cells indicates that alanine-induced cell swelling could be sufficient to stimulate protein synthesis. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041630208
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA Sequence Analysis of a 23 002 bp DNA Fragment of the Right Arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Chromosome VII (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 357-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; yeast genome ; genome sequencing ; chromosome VII ; QCR9 ; UBR1 ; TYS1 ; TFG1 ; HGH1 ; BUB1 ; tRNALeu3 ; tRNATrp ; tRNALys1 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We report the sequence of a 23 002 bp fragment located on the right arm of Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VII. Analysis of this region revealed 14 complete open reading frames (ORFs) with more than 300 base pairs. Six of them correspond to previously known genes. G7164 is the QCR9 gene coding for subunit 9 of the cytochrome c reductase; G7168 is UBR1, encoding an ubiquitin protein ligase; G7522 is the TYS1 gene, which encodes for the tyrosyl tRNA synthetase; G7526 is TFG1, the gene coding for the RNA polymerase transcription initiation factor TFIIF (factor G); G7538 is the gene HGH1 which encodes a protein related to the mammalian HMG1 and HMG2 proteins. G7542 is the BUB1 gene which encodes a ser/thr protein kinase involved in spindle assembly during the cell cycle. One of the ORFs, G7553, shares significant homologies with the gene UTR2 from S. cerevisiae. None of the seven remaining ORFs shows similarity to any of the sequences within the public databases. Three ORFs are internal ORFs of the above-described known genes, and two small ORFs are completely contained in larger ORFs on the complementary strand, and therefore probably do not correspond to real genes. This region also contains three genes specifying tRNAs for Leu, Lys and Trp, and several LTR elements. The sequence described in this paper has been deposited in the EMBL data library under the Accession Number X99074. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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