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  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (6)
  • Lanthanides  (5)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (11)
  • 1995-1999  (10)
  • 1950-1954  (1)
  • 1925-1929
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (11)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 223 (1995), S. 269-287 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The prenatal development of epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis was studied in embryos of different ago of two delphinid species (Stenella attenuata, Delphinus delphis), using light and transmission electron microscopical methods. The delphinid embryo is covered by a multilayered tissue formed by four different epidermal generations (periderm, stratum intermedium-I, str. intermedium-II, str. spinosum) produced by the str. basale. The first layer appears at about 40-50 mm of body length, the second type (s.i.-I) about 60-160 mm, and the third type (s.i.-II) is present at 160-500 mm. The first spinosal cells are produced at 225-260 mm body length; thenceforth, the epidermis increases continuously in thickness. Epidermal ridge formation begins about 400-mm body length. The development of the dermis is characterized by the early production of thin connective tissue fibers (40- 70-mm body length) and simultaneously the cutaneuous muscle matures in structure. Vascular development intensifies between embryos of 150-225 mm, and collagen production increases markedly in fetuses of 225-260-mm length. These events are paralledled by an increase in dermal thickness. The first elastic fibers can be recognized in the skin from the abdomen at about 600-mm body length. The development of the hypodermis is marked by very rapid and constantly progressing growth, beginning about 60-mm body length. The first typical fat cells appear in animals of 360-400 mm. Regional differences are obvious for all skin layers with regard to the flippers, where structural maturation proceeds more rapidly than in dorsal or abdominal regions. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 30 (1995), S. 67-72 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Nicotiana ; Hordeum ; microtubule ; cell differentiation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Changes in the tubulin-protein and -poly(A)+RNA contents were monitored by means of Western and Northern blot analyses, respectively, during growth and maturation of leaves of a dicotyledonous (tobacco) and monocotyledonous (barley) plant. It was recently argued from immunofluorescence and preliminary biochemical data that the density of microtubular networks and concomitantly the tubulin content are distinctly reduced after cessation of cell growth in leaves [Jung et al., 1993]. The results presented now confirm and extend this view. There appeared to be clear differences between the monocot and the dicot: (1) the loss of tubulin during leaf development was much slower in the dicot than in the monocot leaves (within months instead of days); (2) the degree of loss was more dramatic in the monocot leaf and only very low threshold levels of tubulin were retained in fully differentiated tissues; and (3) the loss of tubulin in the monocot leaf tissue appeared to be correlated with the decrease in the mRNA content, whereas the high level of tubulin-RNA in fully differentiated or even almost senescent dicot leaves indicated a gene expression control at the posttranscriptional level.The comparatively rapid and very distinct tubulin-protein and -RNA disappearance during development of the monocot leaf tissues confirm at the molecular level that differentiation proceeds much faster and is much more determinative in these leaves, as was postulated from histological and physiological data. The differences in the behaviour of the microtubular cytoskeleton perhaps even reflect the differences in the ability of the differentiated leaf cells to dedifferentiate, i.e., to establish new sets of microtubules and to reenter the mitotic cell cycle, e.g., during would response, tumour induction or in vitro culture. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: calbindin-D28k ; 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 ; messenger RNA ; organ culture ; polymerase chain reaction ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Organ culture of 19-day-old chick embryo duodena was utilized to evaluate the mechanism of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3)-dependent calbindin-D28k (CaBP) expression. Duodenal CaBP and 1,25(OH)2D3 receptor (VDR) expression were assessed by Western blot analysis, while CaBP and VDR mRNA levels were determined by Northen blot analysis. In untreated duodena, both VDR protein and mRNA were present, while CaBP protein and mRNA were undetectable. Treatment of cultured duodena with 25 nM 1,25(OH)2D3 resulted in detectable CaBP mRNA after 4 h which continued to increase during a 24 h time period. Under these conditions, localization of [3H-1β]1α,25(OH)2D3 in duodenal chromatin is rapid (≤ 30 min). Thus, the delayed accumulation of detectable CaBP mRNA cannot be explained by slow nuclear binding of 1,25(OH)2D3. The inclusion of 1.6 μM actinomycin D in the organ culture partially inhibited the 1,25(OH)2D3-regulated increase in CaBP mRNA, which implies that there is a transcriptional component involved in the increased CaBP mRNA levels. Similarly, quantitative polymerase chain reaction studies allowed the detection of CaBP pre-mRNA and mRNA sequences 1 h after hormone treatment, suggesting that CaBP gene transcription is initiated rapidly. Treatment of cultures with 36 μM cycloheximide 1 h prior to 1,25(OH)2D3 addition resulted in superinduction of VDR mRNA levels but sharply reduced CaBP steady-state mRNA levels. This dramatic reduction in CaBP mRNA reveals that 1,25(OH)2D3-mediated CaBP expression is dependent on ongoing protein synthesis. Thus, we propose that a labile auxiliary protein or other cofactor, which may or may not be 1,25(OH)2D3-dependent, is necessary for 1,25(OH)2D3-mediated CaBP gene transcription in chick duodena.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 32 (1995), S. 330-336 
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Scanning electron microscopy ; Teaching ; Computer ; Network ; Remote control ; Ethernet ; Internet ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: A laboratory designed for teaching the operation of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) has been developed. The laboratory makes use of a computer network to allow remote operation of the SEM. Movable teaching stations, consisting of a computer, TV monitor, and joystick control, enable students to view the image on the SEM screen, move the sample, control the basic operating parameters of the microscope, and acquire X-ray spectra. Images can also be stored on the computers for image analysis or incorporation into reports. The great advantage of the system is that it has been designed to be flexible enough to allow operation from any location that has access to the Internet. The system is relatively inexpensive and uses nonproprietary computer technology available at any computer store. While the laboratory has been designed for teaching, the concept of a multiuser SEM facility that is inexpensive and easy to install should have applications in both industrial and research settings. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0095-9898
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The expression of laminin, a major constituent of endometrial cell basement membranes, is increased during differentiation of human endometrial stromal cells (decidualization). To determine whether laminin plays a role in decidualization, we studied the effects of laminin substrate on the synthesis and release of prolactin (PRL) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), two major secretory proteins of decidualized stromal cells. Endometrial stromal cells were plated on laminin as well as several other extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins (types 1 and IV collagen or fibronectin) and on plastic, and cultured in media containing medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) and estradiol. Cells cultured on plastic or ECM proteins displayed similar morphological changes indicative of decidualization. However, the release of PRL and IGFBP-1 from cells cultured on plastic and ECM proteins (types 1 and IV collagen and fibronection) was approximately 2.1-fold and 2.8-fold greater respectively, than from cells cultured on laminin. The decrease in PRL and IGFBP-1 expression in cells cultured on laminin was not due to differences in initial cell attachment efficiency or final DNA content. In addition, laminin had no effect on the content of laminin protein or fibronectin mRNA levels, indicating that the effects of laminin on PRL and IGFBP-1 were specific. PGE2 stimulated the release of PRL and IGFBP-1 from cells cultured on laminin to levels comparable to those from cells cultured on plastic or other ECM proteins. This indicates that the decrease in PRL and IGFBP-1 release by laminin was not due to a generalized unresponsiveness. In contrast to the effects of laminin during decidualization, PRL expression was not altered by laminin in terminally differentiated decidual cells isolated at term. Our results support a role for laminin in selectively regulating PRL and IGFBP-1 gene expression during in vitro decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 623 (1997), S. 1493-1495 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Synthesis ; Crystal structure ; Crown ether ; Lanthanides ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: [La2I2(OH)2(dibenzo-18-crown-6)2]I(I3), a Cationic Dimeric in-cavity Complex with Iodide and Triiodide as AnionsSingle crystals of [La2I2(OH)2(dibenzo-18-crown-6)2]I(I3) are obtained from the reaction of LaI3 and dibenzo-18-crown-6 in acetonitrile. The crystal structure monoclinic, C2/m, Z = 4, T = 293 [100] K, a = 2179(3) [2162.3(3)], b = 1070.3(3) [1069.6(1)], c = 1118.2(3) [1110.6(1)] pm, β = 93.1(1) [92.83(1)]°, R1 = 0.0601 [0.0411], wR2 = 0.1449 [0.1014] contains hydroxide-bridged cationic dimers and iodide as well as triiodide as anions.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 622 (1996), S. 275-282 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Lanthanides ; nitride sulfide chlorides ; M6N3S4Cl ; preparation ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Nitride Sulfide Chlorides of the Lanthanides. II. The Composition M6N3S4Cl (M = La—Nd)The oxidation of the “light” lanthanides (M = La—Nd) with sulfur and NaN3 in the presence of the chlorides MCl3 yields chlorine-poor nitride sulfide chlorides with the composition M6N3S4Cl when appropriate molar ratios of the reactants are used. Additional NaCl as a flux secures complete and fast reactions (7 d) at 850°C in evacuated silica vessels as well as single-crystalline products (red-brown needles).The crystal structure was determined from X-ray single crystal data for the limiting representatives La6N3S4Cl (orthorhombic, Pnma (no. 62), Z = 4, a = 1159.7(4), b = 410.95(7), c = 2756.8(9)pm, R = 0.030, Rw = 0.027) and Nd6N3S4Cl (a = 1137.1(3), b = 399.34(6), c = 2687.6(9)pm, R = 0.034, Rw = 0.033). Guinier powder data revealed the cerium and praseodymium analogues to be isotypic.The crystal structure exhibits two different chains of connected [NM4] tetrahedra which are commensurate in translation. Six crystallographically different M3+ are present, two of them (M1 and M2) build up the chain ∞1[(N1)(M1)3/3k · (M2)1/1t]3+ together with (N1)3- by cis-edge connection of tetrahedra. The four remainders (M3—M6) arrange as pairs [N2M6] of edge-shared [NM4] tetrahedra with (N2)3- and (N3)3- which are further connected via four vertices to form the ∞1[(M5)2/2e(N-2){(M3)(1+1)/(1+1)(M4)(1+1)/(1+1))}e(N3)(M6)2∞2v]6+ double chain. Bundled along [010] like a closest packing of rods, both types of chains are held together by five crystallographically different but by X-ray diffraction indistinguishable anions S2- (S1—S4) and Cl- adjusting the charge balance in a molar ratio of 4:1.
    Notes: Die Oxidation der „leichten“ Lanthanide (M = La—Nd) mit Schwefel und NaN3 in Gegenwart der Chloride MCl3 liefert aus Gemengen mit entsprechenden molaren Verhältnissen der Edukte chlorarme Nitridsulfidchloride der Zusammensetzung M6N3S4Cl. Der Zusatz von NaCl als Flußmittel gewährleistet vollständige und schnelle Umsetzungen (7 d) bei 850°C in evakuierten Quarzglasampullen sowie einkristalline Produkte (rotbraune Nadeln).Die Kristallstruktur wurde anhand röntgenographischer Einkristalldaten für die Randvertreter La6N3S4Cl (orthorhombisch, Pnma (Nr. 62), Z = 4; a = 1159,7(4); b = 410,95(7); c = 2756,8(9) pm; R = 0,030; Rw = 0,02(7) und Nd6N3S4Cl (a = 1137,1(3); b = 399,34(6); c = 2687,6(9) pm; R = 0,034; Rw = 0,033) bestimmt. Guinier-Pulveraufnahmen wiesen zudem die Isotypie der Cer-und der Praseodym-Verbindung aus.In der Kristallstruktur liegen zwei unterschiedliche, translationskommensurable Stränge aus verknüpften Tetraedern [NM4] vor. Von den sechs kristallographisch unabhängigen M3+ bilden zwei (M1 und M2) mit (N1)3- durch cis-Kanten-verknüpfung der Tetraeder die Kette ∞1[(N1)(M1)3/3k(M2)1/1t]3+. Die übrigen vier (M3—M6) treten mit (N2)3- und (N3)3- zunächst zu Tetraederdoppeln [N2M6] aus zwei [NM4]-Einheiten mit gemeinsamer Kante zusammen. Diese Dimere sind zusätzlich über vier gemeinsame Ecken zur Doppelkette ∞1[(M5)2/2e · (N2){(M3)(1+1)/(1+1)(M4)(1+1)/(1+1)}k(N3)(M6)2/2e]6+ verbunden. Längs [010] nach Art einer dichtesten Stabpackung gebündelt, wird der Zusammenhalt der Stränge durch fünf kristallographisch unterschiedliche, röntgenographisch jedoch nicht unterscheidbare Anionen S2- (S1—S4) und Cl- besorgt, die im molaren Verhältnis von 4:1 auch den Ladungsausgleich regeln.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 622 (1996), S. 759-765 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Metallothermic Reduction ; Lanthanides ; Alkaline Earth Metals ; Crystal Structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Ternary Bromides and Iodides of Divalent Lanthanides and Their Alkaline-Earth Analoga of the Type AMX3 and AM2X5Metallothermic reduction of the tribromides and -iodides MX3 (M = Sm, Dy, Tm, Yb) with alkali metals as well as with indium and thallium (A = Cs, Rb, K, In, Tl) results in most cases in ternary compounds with the composition AMX3 and AM2X5, respectively. Analogous compounds with M = Ba, Sr, Ca were synthesized from the binary components. The AMX3 compounds crystallize with the following types of structure: the perovskite-type and its distorted variants, the NaNbO3-II- and the GdFeO3-type, the NH4CdCl3- and the stuffed PuBr3-type. These structure types differ by a gain of condensation of the [MX6] octahedra (three-dimensional connection via corners within the variants of the perovskite-type, double chains of edge- and face-connected octahedra within the NH4CdCl3-type, and layers of corner- and edge-connected octahedra within the stuffed PuBr3-type of structure). This comes along with a reduction of the coordination number of A+ from 12 (“ideal” perovskite) to 8 + 2 (GdFeO3-type), 9 (NH4CdCl3-type), and 8 (stuffed PuBr3-type). Thus, the A/[MX6] size ratio determines which AMX3 type of structure is adopted. If the M2+ ion is large enough, ternary compounds with the composition AM2X5 occur either in addition to the AMX3 compounds or exclusively. They crystallize with the TlPb2Cl5 type of structure (C.N.(M2+) = 7 and 8). All of the AMX3 and AM2X5 compounds are summarized in a structure field diagram.
    Notes: Die metallothermische Reduktion der Tribromide und -iodide MX3 (M = Sm, Dy, Tm, Yb) mit Alkalimetallen sowie mit Indium und Thallium (A = Cs, Rb, K, In, Tl) liefert überwiegend ternäre Verbindungen der Zusammensetzungen AMX3 bzw. AM2X5. Analoge Erdalkaliverbindungen (M = Ba, Sr, Ca) wurden aus den jeweiligen binären Komponenten dargestellt. Die Halogenide AMX3 kristallisieren im Perowskit-Typ und seinen Verzerrungsvarianten, dem NaNbO3-II-bzw. dem GdFeO3-Typ, sowie im NH4CdCl3- oder im aufgefüllten PuBr3-Typ. Diese Strukturtypen unterscheiden sich durch eine zunehmende Verknüpfung der [MX6]-Oktaeder (allseitige Eckenverknüpfung in den Perowskitvarianten, Doppelstränge aus kanten- und flächenverknüpften Oktaedern im NH4CdCl3-Typ und kanten- und eckenverknüpfte Oktaederschichten im aufgefüllten PuBr3-Typ). Sie geht mit einer Verkleinerung der Koordinationszahl des A+-Ions von 12 im idealen Perowskit über 8 + 2 (GdFeO3-Typ) und 9 (NH4CdCl3-Typ) auf 8 (aufgefüllter PuBr3-Typ) einher, so daß das A/[MX6]-Größenverhältnis ausschlaggebend dafür ist, welcher Strukturtyp für die Zusammensetzung AMX3 auftritt. Sind die M2+-Ionen groß genug, treten (zusätzlich oder ausschließlich) Verbindungen vom Typ AM2X5 auf, die im TlPb2Cl5-Typ kristallisieren (C.N.(M2+) = 7 und 8). Alle erhaltenen Verbindungen wurden in einem Strukturfelddiagramm zusammengefaßt.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 621 (1995), S. 1466-1470 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Synthesis ; Crystal structure ; Halides ; Clusters ; Lanthanides ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The First Bromide with Trigonal-Bipyramidal [M5(C2)] Clusters: [Pr5(C2)]Br9The bromide [Pr5(C2)]Br9 is obtained via metallothermic reduction of PrBr3 with rubidium in the presence of praseodymium and carbon in a sealed niobium container at 730°C as dark red single crystals. [Pr5(C2)]Br9 crystallizes in the monoclinic crystal system [P21/n; Z = 4; a = 1 006.9(1); b = 1 886.1(1); c = 1 045.9(1) pm; β = 108.130(1)°; Rint = 0.059; R1 = 0.038; wR2 = 0.077]. One edge in the base of the trigonal bipyramid in [Pr5(C2)]Br9 is usually long (440 pm). It is not brigded by a Bri ligand. In addition to the eight Bri, the cluster is coordinated by 12 terminal ligands (Bra). Except for the known Bra-a-a and Bri-a connections, Bri-a-a brigdes are observed for the first time for trigonal-bipyramidal clusters.
    Notes: Das Bromid [Pr5(C2)]Br9 erhält man durch metallothermische Reduktion von PrBr3 mit Rubidium in Gegenwart von Praseodym und Kohlenstoff in einer verschweißten Niobampulle bei 730°C in Form dunkelroter Kristalle. [Pr5(C2)]Br9 kristallisiert im monoklinen Kristallsystem [P21/n; Z = 4; a = 1 006,9(1); b = 1 886,1(1); c = 1 045,9(1) pm; β = 108,130(1)°; Rint = 0,059; R1 = 0,038; wR2 = 0,077]. Eine Kante in der Basis der trigonalen Bipyramide in [Pr5(C2)]Br9 ist mit 440 pm ungewöhnlich lang und wird nicht von einem Bri-Liganden überbrückt. Zusätzlich zu den acht Bri werden die Cluster von 12 terminalen Liganden koordiniert (Bra). Neben den bekannten Bra-a-a- und Bri-a-Brücken treten hier erstmals bei trigonal-bipyramidalen Clustern Bri-a-a-Brücken auf.
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