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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (213)
  • Engineering  (200)
  • 1995-1999  (294)
  • 1950-1954  (7)
  • 1930-1934  (69)
  • 1920-1924  (43)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NiH3IO6 · 6H2O  -  Kristallstruktur und Schwingungsspektren (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 622 (1996), S. 845-852 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Nickel orthoperiodate ; i.r., Raman spectra ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: NiH3IO6 · 6 H2O  -  Crystal Structures and Vibrational SpectraThe crystal structure of NiH3IO6 · 6 H2O has been determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction (Pc, Z = 2, a = 516.74(9), b = 981.5(2), c = 1052.5(2) pm, β = 116.496(8)°) on the basis of 4169 unique reflections (R = 1.96%). The structure is built up of distorted Ni(H2O)62+ and H3IO62- octahedra linked by hydrogen bonding. IR and Raman spectra of both the title compound and isostructural MgH3IO6 · 6 H2O as well as of deuterated specimens are given. There are up to 14 different OH(OD) modes in the spectra of isotopically dilute samples due to the 15 different hydrogen positions of the structure. The internal modes of the meridional H3IO62- ions (pseudo C2v symmetry) are discussed with respect to that double T-shaped entity, which gives rise to only two instead of 3I—O, I—O(H), and OH stretches in the IR and Raman spectra, i.e. the same as for facial (C3v) structured ions.
    Notes: Die Kristallstruktur (Pc, Z = 2) von NiH3IO6 · 6 H2O wurde mittels Röntgen-Einkristallmessungen auf der Basis von 4169 symmetrieunabhängigen Reflexen bestimmt (R = 1,96%). IR- und Raman-Spektren von NiH3IO6 · 6 H2O und der isotypen Verbindung MgH3IO6 · 6 H2O sowie von deuterierten Präparaten werden mitgeteilt. Die Spektren isotypenverdünnter Proben zeigen bis zu 14 OH(OD)-Streckschwingungen entsprechend den 15 verschiedenen Wasserstoff-Positionen der Struktur. Die meridionalen H3IO62--Ionen (Pseudosymmetrie C2v) besitzen wegen der T-förmigen Anordnung der je 3 IO-und IOH-Gruppen nur je 2 IO-, IO(H)- und OH-Streckschwingungen in den IR- und Raman-Spektren und können daher schwingungsspektroskopisch nicht von H3IO62--Ionen mit facialer Struktur (C3v) unterschieden werden.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19966220516
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ON THE SIGN OF THE DETERMINANT OF THE STRUCTURAL STIFFNESS MATRIX FOR DETERMINATION OF LOADING INCREMENT IN ARC-LENGTH ALGORITHMS (1997)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering 13 (1997), S. 47-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1069-8299
    Keywords: nonlinear structural analysis ; arc-length algorithm ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In this paper, we have proved in theory that the sign of the current stiffness matrix provides a correct indicator for determining the sign of the loading parameter in the arc-length algorithm before the first bifurcation point is encountered, but may not be the case thereafter. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transmission-line equivalent curcuit model of minority carrier transient current in quasi-neutral silicon layers including effects (1995)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal of Numerical Modelling: Electronic Networks, Devices and Fields 8 (1995), S. 341-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3370
    Keywords: Engineering ; Electrical and Electronics Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A novel transmission-line model for the minority carrier transport through quasi-neutral arbitrarily doped layers is proposed. Based on detailed drift-diffusion equations, the novel TLEC includes the inductance that represents the influence of the relaxation-time term. Coupled with a object-orientated hybrid circuit simulator, the novel transmission-line model is implemented for the transient analysis of minority carrier transport. A substantial longer storage time of the minority carrier transient current at the collector end of ultra-narrow base is predicted owing to inclusion of the relaxation-time term.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jnm.1660080504
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite element solution of the equations governing the flow of electrolyte in charged microporous membranes (1995)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 20 (1995), S. 1163-1178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0271-2091
    Keywords: electrolyte flow ; finite element method ; non-linear ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Electrical double-layer effects are unimportant in flows through porous media except when the Debye length k-1 is comparable in magnitude with the pore radius a. Under these conditions the equations governing the flow of electrolyte are those of Stokes, Nernst-Planck and Poisson. These equations are non-linear and require numerical solution. The finite element method provides a useful basis for solution and various algorithms are investigated. The numerical stability and errors of each scheme are analysed together with the development of an appropriate finite element mesh. The electro-osmotic flow of a typical electrolyte (barium chloride) through a uniformly charged cylindrical membrane pore is investigated and the ion fluxes are post-computed from the numerical solutions. The ion flux is shown to be strongly dependent on both zeta potential and pore radius, ka, indicating the effects of overlapping electrical double layers.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1650201005
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AN ADAPTIVE AGGLOMERATION METHOD FOR ADDITIVE CORRECTION MULTIGRID (1997)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 40 (1997), S. 887-903 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: multigrid ; adaptive agglomeration ; additive correction ; anisotropic grids ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: In the computational simulation of fluid flow and scalar transport, multigrid iterative solution techniques often fail or stall when the discrete linearized equations have strongly anisotropic coefficients. In the present work, an adaptive agglomeration algorithm for forming coarse grids is presented that allows multigrid techniques to work efficiently for equation sets with anisotropic coefficients. The adaptive agglomeration is defined by two rules and several guidelines that follow from a physical interpretation of the performance of iterative solvers like Gauss-Seidel. The effectiveness of the adaptive agglomeration algorithm is demonstrated for a wide range of test cases. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CONSISTENT LINEARIZATION FOR THE EXACT STRESS UPDATE OF PRANDTL-REUSS NON-HARDENING ELASTOPLASTIC MODELS (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 39 (1996), S. 1219-1235 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: plasticity ; numerical integration algorithms ; consistent linearization ; finite elements ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper presents a consistent algorithm, which combines the advantages of the exact time integration of Prandtl-Reuss elastoplastic models and the quadratic asymptotic convergence of Newton-Raphson iteration strategies. The consistent modulus is evaluated by a full linearization of the exact stress update procedure. Numerical tests for a thin wall tube subjected to combined loads of tension and torsion are performed to illustrate the accuracy and efficiency of the consistently linearized exact stress update algorithm described in the paper. For comparison purpose numerical results of the radial return method are also given.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT OPTIMIZATION ALGORITHMS FOR STRUCTURAL DESIGN APPLICATIONS (1996)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 39 (1996), S. 1761-1774 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: optimization ; algorithms ; structural ; design ; comparative ; evaluation ; Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: Non-linear programming algorithms play an important role in structural design optimization. Fortunately, several algorithms with computer codes are available. At NASA Lewis Research Centre, a project was initiated to assess the performance of eight different optimizers through the development of a computer code CometBoards. This paper summarizes the conclusions of that research. CometBoards was employed to solve sets of small, medium and large structural problems, using the eight different optimizers on a Cray-YMP8E/8128 computer. The reliability and efficiency of the optimizers were determined from the performance of these problems. For small problems, the performance of most of the optimizers could be considered adequate. For large problems, however, three optimizers (two sequential quadratic programming routines, DNCONG of IMSL and SQP of IDESIGN, along with Sequential Unconstrained Minimizations Technique SUMT) outperformed others. At optimum, most optimizers captured an identical number of active displacement and frequency constraints but the number of active stress constraints differed among the optimizers. This discrepancy can be attributed to singularity conditions in the optimization and the alleviation of this discrepancy can improve the efficiency of optimizers.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A multi-grid enhanced GMRES algorithm for elasto-plastic problems (1998)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 42 (1998), S. 1441-1462 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: GMRES ; Galerkin multi-grid ; variable preconditioning scheme ; conjugate gradient method ; large-scale elasto-plastic problem ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: A combination of both GMRES and multi-grid (MG) methods is presented in this paper for solving large-scale two- and three-dimensional elasto-plastic problems, in which each MG iteration cycle serves as the preconditioning step for the GMRES procedure. A particular multi-grid approach, termed the Galerkin multi-grid scheme, is considered and the main effort is devoted to the implementation aspects of the proposed algorithm. Numerical examples, characterised by large-scale (up to 82145 DOF), strong non-linearity (nearly plastic limit state, necking and localization) and severe ill-conditioned states (presence of loading limit points), and also involving symmetric and unsymmetric as well as SPD and indefinite system matrices, are provided. The numerical results illustrate that the proposed method exhibits a remarkable performance in terms of efficiency and robustness in all circumstances. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The boundary element solution of the Laplace and biharmonic equations subjected to noisy boundary data (1998)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 43 (1998), S. 479-492 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: boundary element method (BEM) ; singular value decomposition (SVD) ; L-curve method ; Engineering ; Numerical Methods and Modeling
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This study investigates the numerical solution of the Laplace and biharmonic equations subjected to noisy boundary data. Since both equations are linear, they are numerically discretized using the Boundary Element Method (BEM), which does not use any solution domain discretization, to reduce the problem to solving a system of linear algebraic equations for the unspecified boundary values. It is shown that when noisy, lower-order derivatives are prescribed on the boundary, then a direct approach, e.g. Gaussian elimination, for solving the resulting discretized system of linear equations produces an unstable, i.e. unbounded and highly oscillatory, numerical solution for the unspecified higher-order boundary derivatives data. In order to overcome this difficulty, and produce a stable solution of the resulting system of linear equations, the singular value decomposition approach (SVD), truncated at an optimal level given by the L-curve method, is employed. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthese und Strukturbestimmung von (tBuP)4Sn(CH3)2 und (CH3)2Sn[(tBu)P—P(tBu)]2Sn(CH3)2 (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 621 (1995), S. 1358-1364 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Phosphorus tin heterocycles ; syntheses ; crystal structure ; NMR ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Structure Analysis of (tBuP)4Sn(CH3)2 and (CH3)2Sn[(tBu)P—P(tBu)]2Sn(CH3)2The diphosphides K2[(tBu)P—(tBuP)2—P(tBu)] 7 or K2[(tBu)P—P(tBu)] 8 react with (CH3)2SnCl2 in a molar ratio of 1 : 1 to form the binary 5-membered ring system P4Sn 4 a and the 6-membered ring system Sn(P2)2Sn 5 a respectively. When (CH3)2SnCl2, however, is treated with 8 in a molar ratio of 2 : 1 the 4-membered ring system P3Sn 2 a is formed which includes the fragmentation of the intermediate K2[(CH3)2Sn ((tBu)P—P(tBu))2] 9. 4 a and 5 a could be obtained in a pure form and characterized NMR spectroscopically and by X-ray structure analyses; 2 a was identified only NMR spectroscopically.
    Notes: Die Diphosphide K2[(tBu)P—(tBuP)2—P(tBu)] 7 bzw. K2[(tBu)P—P(tBu)] 8 reagieren mit (CH3)2SnCl2 im Molverhältnis 1 : 1 zu dem binären Fünfringsystem P4Sn 4 a bzw. dem Sechsringsystem Sn(P2)2Sn 5 a. Wird jedoch (CH3)2SnCl2 mit zwei Äquivalenten 8 umgesetzt, so erhält man nach einer Fragmentierung des Intermediats K2[(CH3)2Sn ((tBu)P—P(tBu))2] 9 das binäre Vierringsystem P3Sn 2 a. 4 a und 5 a konnten in reiner Form isoliert, NMR-spektroskopisch und durch Röntgenstrukturanalysen charakterisiert werden; 2 a konnte bisher nur NMR-spektroskopisch identifiziert werden.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19956210814
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