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  • Articles  (77)
  • 1995-1999  (75)
  • 1955-1959  (2)
  • Physics  (77)
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  • Articles  (77)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical Studies on the Identity SN2' Reactions (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 99 (1995), S. 13103-13108 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100035a010
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Molecular Weight and Block Length Ratio on the Rheological Behavior of Low Molecular Weight Polystyrene-block-polyisoprene Copolymers in the Disordered State (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 28 (1995), S. 5886-5896 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00121a027
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Volume Fraction on the Order-Disorder Transition in Low Molecular Weight Polystyrene-block-Polyisoprene Copolymers. 1. Order-Disorder Transition Temperature Determined by Rheological Measurements (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 28 (1995), S. 5043-5062 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00118a038
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reconstruction of Extensive Long-Bone Defects in Sheep Using Porous Hydroxyapatite Sponges (1999)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 64 (1999), S. 83-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Hydroxyapatite — Ceramics — Bone reconstruction — Bone repair — Biomaterials — Orthopedic surgery.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The capacity of hydroxyapatite (HA) implants to support large defect repair in weight-bearing long bones of large size animals was investigated. Diaphyseal resections 3.5 cm of the tibia were performed in five adult sheep. They were substituted with HA macroporous ceramic cylinders anatomically shaped, and an external fixator was assembled. The sheep were sacrificed at 20, 40, 60, 120, and 270 days after surgery, respectively. Histology and micro X-ray study of resected implants and adjacent tissues showed proper integration of ceramic with newly formed periosteal bone as early as 20 days after surgery. In one sheep, the external fixator was removed 5 months after surgery. The animal gained the ability to walk with no functional impairment until it was sacrificed 4 months later. At this time, extensive integration of ceramic with bone was detected radiographically and confirmed by a morphological study of the resected sample. Our data indicate that large defects in a weight-bearing long bone can be repaired to the extent necessary for full functional recovery in large animals. These data set the stage for further intervention on material properties as well as for preliminary attempts to use ceramic prostheses for reconstruction of large bone defects in humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900583
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pure nuclear resonant scattering of synchrotron radiation by a multilayer structure: Theoretical analysis for 169Tm (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of experimental and theoretical physics 87 (1998), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1090-6509
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The possibility of observing pure nuclear resonant scattering of synchrotron radiation by a multilayer structure containing the 169Tm isotope is analyzed theoretically. The main problem is the need to suppress the enormous background of radiation scattered by electrons. Two methods for the destructive interference of a synchrotron radiation beam in reflection at grazing incidence by a layered system containing Tm nuclei in one of the layers are considered, and their efficiency as applied to the conditions of third-generation synchrotron radiation sources, such as in the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), is calculated. An electron scattering suppression efficiency parameter is formulated as the ratio of the integrated nuclear scattering intensity (with a time delay) to the total prompt electron scattering intensity in assigned ranges of angles and energies. In the first method thin films of a special type on a substrate, viz., GIAR films, are used. In the second method a new effect, which is termed the Bragg antipeak effect and involves the destructive interference of a wave that is Bragg-diffracted in a multilayer superlattice and a wave reflected on the upper boundary of the sample, is employed. The physical properties of the Bragg antipeak effect are considered, and it is found that its efficiency is sufficient for practical use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.558623
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Involvement of Insulin-Like Growth Factor I in Development of Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament of the Spine (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 62 (1998), S. 158-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Ossification — Posterior longitudinal ligament — Insulin-like growth factor I — Ligament cell — Immunohistochemistry — Osteogenesis.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. In order to investigate the pathogenesis of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the spine, we examined the distribution of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) in the posterior longitudinal ligaments of OPLL patients, and analyzed the effects of IGF-I on the cultured spinal ligament cells. For that purpose we established eight varieties of OPLL and non-OPLL cell lines obtained from spinal ligaments of corresponding patients, respectively. In contrast to non-OPLL cases, all the OPLL cases were histologically shown to contain round-shaped cartilage-like cells in the transitional region from preossifying to ossifying ligaments, and these cells were strongly stained with an antibody for IGF-I. In the vicinity of preossifying cartilaginous tissues, ligament cells also had a rod-like appearance and were positive for IGF-I immunohistochemically. The effects of IGF-I on cultured spinal ligament cells were assayed by alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, DNA synthesis, and the amounts of collagen produced. The number of OPLL cell lines that increased AP activity, responding to IGF-I irrespective of 1,25(OH)2D3, was significantly larger than that of non-OPLL cell lines, although IGF-I stimulated DNA and procollagen type I carboxyl-terminal peptide synthesis in most of both OPLL and non-OPLL cell lines. These data demonstrate the dominant expression of IGF-I in the posterior longitudinal ligaments of OPLL patients, and suggest that IGF-I preferentially induces osteogenic differentiation in OPLL cells rather than in non-OPLL cells. IGF-I, therefore, may be involved in the local ossification process of spinal ligaments observed in OPLL patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900410
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Stimulates Differentiation of Cultured Spinal Ligament Cells from Patients with Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 60 (1997), S. 291 -296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Ossification — Posterior longitudinal ligament — Bone morphogenetic protein — Ligament cell — Alkaline phosphatase — Osteogenesis.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the spine is characterized by heterotopic bone formation occurring in spinal ligament, causing severe compression myelopathy. In order to investigate the mechanism of OPLL development, we isolated spinal ligament cells from OPLL patients as well as non-OPLL patients, and established 10 OPLL cell lines and 7 non-OPLL cell lines, respectively. We analyzed the effects of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) on these cells with respect to alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, DNA synthesis, and collagen production. BMP-2 caused a significant increase of AP activity in 4 OPLL cell lines, whereas the activity did not change in any non-OPLL cells. Among OPLL cells, BMP-2 stimulated DNA synthesis in four cell lines and procollagen type I carboxyl-terminal peptide (PICP) synthesis in five cell lines. Some non-OPLL cells also responded to BMP-2, as there was an increase of DNA synthesis in three cell lines and PICP synthesis in one cell line. These data collectively indicate that BMP-2 preferentially induces osteogenic differentiation in OPLL cells rather than in non-OPLL cells. OPLL cells, therefore, exhibit a different response to BMP-2 than non-OPLL cells, suggesting that the expression of BMP receptor(s) and/or the signal transduction initiated by BMP-2 in the spinal ligament cells of OPLL patients somewhat deviate from those in normal spinal ligament cells. Such abnormal characteristics of OPLL cells as described here provide some clues to the clarification of the pathogenesis of OPLL.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900231
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Associated stop-Higgs production at a linear collider and extraction of stop parameters (1999)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 9 (1999), S. 511-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We calculate stop-stop-Higgs production at a linear collider. Combining the measurements from the pair production of the lightest stop and that of the mass of the Higgs, we show how, in a scenario where only the lightest stop and the lightest Higgs are accessible, one could extract the mass of the heavier stop and infer some useful information on the supersymmetric parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100520050045
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theoretical studies on the gas-phase nucleophilic substitution reactions of benzyl chlorides with phenoxides and thiophenoxides (1998)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 11 (1998), S. 115-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: cross-interaction constants ; gas-phase nucleophilic substitution reactions ; PM3 MO ; benzyl chlorides ; phenoxides ; thiophenoxides ; Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Gas-phase nucleophilic substitution reactions of Y-benzyl chlorides with X-phenoxide and X-thiophenoxide nucleophiles were investigated theoretically using the PM3 semi-empirical MO method. The Leffler-Grunwald rate-equilibrium and Brønsted correlations predict that the degree of bond formation in the transition state (TS) is approximately 45 and 40% on the reaction coordinate for the phenoxides and thiophenoxides, respectively. For a weaker nucleophile, a later TS is obtained with an increased bond making and breaking. The variation of the TS structure with substituents in the nucleophile is thermodynamically controlled and is well correlated by rate-equilibrium relationships. In contrast, the TS variation (a tighter TS) with substituent (for a stronger acceptor Y) in the substrate is dependent only on variations of the intrinsic barrier and so cannot be correlated by such thermodynamically based rate-equilibrium relationships. The gas phase ρX and ρY values are much greater in magnitude than those in solution. A similar gas-phase theoretical cross-interaction constant, ρXY (ca -0.60), is obtained for both phenoxides and thiophenoxides, which is in good agreement with the experimental value (-0.62) for the thiophenoxide reactions in MeOH at 20.0 °C. The oxy and sulfur anion bases lead to a similar TS structure, but a lower reactivity for the former is due to a greater endothermicity of the reaction. A relatively wide range variation of the reaction energies, ΔG°, can be ascribed to the loss of resonance stabilization of anion nucleophiles upon product formation. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ordering kinetics of cylindrical and spherical microdomains in an SIS block copolymer by synchrotron SAXS and rheology (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 199 (1998), S. 641-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The ordering kinetics of cylindrical and spherical microdomains in a polystyrene-block-polyisoprene-block-polystyrene (SIS) copolymer were studied using synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and rheology upon quenching the sample from a disordered state to an ordered state having either spherical or cylindrical microdomains. The SIS exhibits an order to order transition at ≈181°C, a lattice disordering transition at ≈210°C and becomes disordered at higher temperatures. Higher order peaks in the SAXS profiles corresponding to hexagonally packed cylindrical (HEX) microdomains appeared after less than 1 h when the sample was quenched from 235°C to 170°C. When quenched from 235°C to 200°C. a broad higher order peak at ≈1.65 qm, corresponding to spheres with liquid-like short-range order, was persistent up to 4 h before higher order peaks corresponding to body-centered cubic (BCC) microdomains appeared. We repeated this experiment by changing temperature from one ordered state with BCC microdomains to another with HEX microdomains, and vice versa. The BCC microdomains were attained within 1 h when heating from 170°C to 200°C. The transition between HEX and BCC is thermoreversible. The time evolution of dynamic storage modulus G′ is in good agreement with that of SAXS intensity.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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