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  • Chemical Engineering  (23)
  • Organic Chemistry  (11)
  • 1995-1999  (32)
  • 1955-1959  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 1325-1330 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effectiveness of applying silent discharge plasmas (SDP) for destroying and removing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from gas streams is experimentally evaluated with a laboratory-scale reactor. The VOCs selected for study include toluene and methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). Direct collision with energetic electrons and reaction with generated gas-phase radicals are two major mechanisms responsible for destruction and removal of VOCs from gas streams. Operating parameters investigated include applied voltage, gas residence time, and temperature and composition of the gas stream. Experimental results indicate that the removal efficiency of toluene and MEK achieved with SDP can be enhanced by operating the system at a higher gas temperature and applied voltage due to the generation of more energetic electrons and radicals. O2 is essential for removing VOCs from gas streams with SDP. More than 80% removal efficiencies were achieved with this system for both toluene and MEK. SDP can potentially serve as an alternative control technology for removing VOCs from gas streams.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 1433-1439 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The fracture toughness of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) was determined by three J-integral methods, ASTM E813-81, E813-87, and by hysteresis. The critical J values (J1c) obtained are fairly independent of the specimen thickness, ranging from 10 to 15 mm. ASTM E813-81 and hysteresis methods result in comparable J1c values, whereas the ASTM E813-87 was ∼40% to 50% higher. The critical displacement determined from the plots of hysteresis (energy or ratio) and the true crack grow length vs. displacement are close. This indicates the critical displacement determined by the hysteresis method is indeed the displacement at onset of crack initiation, and the corresponding J1c represents a physical event of crack initiation. The elastic storage energy. The input energy minus the hysteresis energy, is the most important factor in determining the onset of crack initiation. The critical elastic storage energy (at the beginning of crack growth) was found close to the J1c obtained from the E813-81 or the hysteresis method.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 190-194 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The block copolyetheresters with hard segments of poly(butylene terephthalate) and soft segments of poly(tetramethylene ether) were prepared by a terephthalic acid (TPA) process in the presence of some salts. The preparations of a block copolyetherester under various conditions were first studied in a 1 L stainless steel reactor to find the best method. Then, the preparations of four block copolyetheresters were run in a pilot plant comprising a 200 L polyesterification reactor and a 200 L polymerization reactor under the suitable condition. The presence of some salts reduced the formation of tetrahydrofuran (THF), and also reduced the total reaction time in the pilot plant. The thermal properties and various mechanical properties of the block copolytheresters prepared by the pilot plant were investigated to evaluate the feasibility of this method.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: O-Alkylation of 8-hydroxy-1H-quinolin-2-one (1) afforded 8-(2-oxopropoxy)-1H-quinolin-2-one (2) which was immediately cyclized to form the tricyclic 2,3-dihydro-3-hydroxy-3-methyl-5H-pyrido[1,2,3-de][1,4]benzoxazine,-5-one (3). The Reformatsky-type condensation of 3 furnished antiplatelet 8-[(2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-methylidene-5-oxofuran-2-yl)melhoxy]-1H-quinolin-2-one (4). Its counterparts 7a-f, Ph-substituted at C(2) of the furan ring, were obtained from 1 via alkylation and the Reformatsky-type condensation. Although compound 4 was less active against platelet aggregation than 7a-f, it was the only compound which exhibited significant inhibitory activity on high-K+ medium, Ca2+-induced vasoconstriction and was more active than most of its Ph-substituted counterparts against norepinephrine-induced vasoconstrictions.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: As a continuation of our previous studies on the synthesis and antiplatelet activity of quinolin-2(1H)-ones with an α-methylidene-γ-butyrolactone substituted at O(8), the O(6)- and N(1)-substituted isomers were synthesized and evaluated for antiplatelet activity against thrombin (Thr)-, arachidonic acid (AA)-, collagen (Col)-, and platelet-activating-factor (PAF)-induced aggregation in washed rabbit platelets. These compounds were synthesized from 6-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-one via alkylation and Reformatsky-type condensation (Schemes 1 and 2). All of them were found to inhibit the platelet aggregation perfectly which was induced by AA and Col. 6-Substituted isomers 5b-g exhibited very strong inhibitory activities against AA- and PAF- induced aggregation and are approximately ten times more potent than their 8-substituted counterparts. However, the 1-substituted (11a and 11b) and the 1,6-disubstituted (6) counterparts were relatively inactive. Their effects on the Ca2+-dependent vasoconstriction induced by high K+, and the phasic and tonic vasoconstrictions induced by norepinephrine (NE) in rat aorta were also evaluated. Except 5g, all of them were found to have significant inhibitory activity on the NE-induced phasic and tonic vasoconstrictions. Compounds 6 and 11b also exhibited strong inhibitory activity on high-K+ medium, Ca2+-induced vasoconstriction.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three 1,4-dimethylidenecyclohexanes, bridged in the 2,6- and 3,5-positions by two ethano (4), one ethano and one propano (5), and two propano bridges (6) have been synthesized. The interaction of the two exocyclic methylidene groups has been investigated by He(I) photoelectron (PE) spectroscopy. It revealed a slightly larger energy difference (0.8 eV) for 4 and 5 as compared to the parent 1,4-dimethylidenecyclohexane (7) (0.7 eV). The interpretation of the PE spectra was based on the comparison with PE data of related systems and with the results of semiempirical calculations on 4-6.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 79 (1996), S. 651-657 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In a search for the inhibitors of platelet aggregation, certain coumarin derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for antiplatelet activity against thrombin(Thr)-, arachidonic acid(AA)-, collagen(Col)-, and platelet-activating-factor(PAF)-induced aggregation in washed rabbit platelets. These compounds were synthesized from 4-hydroxycoumarin (1) or naphthalen-1-ol via alkylation and Reformatsky-type condensation (Schemes 1-3). Among them, 4-[(2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-4-methylidene-5-oxo-2-phenylfuran-2-yl)methoxy]-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one (6b) showed potent antiplatelet effects on AA- and PAF-induced aggregation with IC50 values of 8.21 and 103.67 m̈M, respectively (see Tables 1 and 2). The antiplatelet potency of 6b against PAF-induced aggregation could be further improved by introducing a proper substituent at the 2-phenyl group of the lactone ring.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: As a continuation of our previous studies on the synthesis and antiplatelet activity of coumarin derivatives of α-methylidene-γ-butyrolactones, certain quinoline, flavone, and xanthone derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for antiplatelet activity against thrombin (Thr)-, arachidonic acid (AA)-, collagen (Col)-, and platelet-activating factor (PAF)-induced aggregation in washed rabbit platelets. These compounds were synthesized from quinolin-8-ol, flavon-7-ol, and xanthon-3-ol, respectively, via alkylation and Reformatsky-type condensation (Schemes 1-3). By the comparison with comparison with coumarin α-methylidene-γ-butyrolactone 3a, flavone and xanthone derivatives, 3b and 3c, respectively, are more selective in which only AA- and collagen-induced aggregation are strongly inhibited. Most of the quinoline derivatives (9a-e) exhibited broad-spectrum antiplatelet activities.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In a search for inhibitors of platelet aggregation, a number of α-methylidene-γ-butyrolactones 5 and 6 bearing flavone or xanthone moieties, respectively, were synthesized and evaluated for their antiplatelet activity against thrombin(Thr)-, arachidonic-acid(AA)-, collagen(Col)-, and platelet-activating-factor(PAF)-induced aggregation in washed rabbit platelets. These compounds were synthesized from 7-hydroxyflavone (1) or 3-hydroxyxanthone (2) via O-alkylation (→ 3 and 4, resp.) and Reformatsky-type condensation (Scheme). Most of the flavone-containing α-methylidene-γ-butyrolactones 5a-d showed potent antiplatelet effects on AA- and Col-induced aggregation, while xanthone derivatives 6c-e were found to have the same pharmacological profile than aspirin in which only AA-induced aggregation was inhibited (Table 1). However, 6c-e were approximately three to ten times more potent than aspirin (Table 2). For the vasorelaxing effects, 5a was the only compound which exhibited significant inhibitory activity on the high-K+ medium, Ca2+-induced vasoconstriction (Table3). Both 5a and 6a, with an aliphatic Me substituent at C(γ) of the lactone, were active against norepinephrine-induced phasic and tonic constrictions while their γ-aryl-substituted counterparts 5b-f and 6b-f were inactive.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 122-134 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The dynamic stagewise adiabatic flash algorithm is applied to the dynamic simulation of a crude column. This algorithm is based on the implicit integration of the model equations of each stage and the explicit combination of the stage models to form the column model. Stable, efficient integration for the crude column model is observed with simulation CPU requirements that are 20 times faster than real time using a 50 MHz 486 P.C. Specific dynamic of a crude column are identified such as one-way interaction and inverse action. The dynamic crude column model is used to study product quality control of a crude column using nonlinear-process-model-based control (PMBC) which was tested using two different steady-state controller models for setpoint tracking and disturbance rejection. Both nonlinear PMBC controllers show good control performance, but are limited by the inherent inverse action of the crude column. Control results for a set of single-loop PI controllers is also presented as a point of reference.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
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