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  • Articles  (16)
  • Springer  (16)
  • 1995-1999  (16)
  • 1955-1959
  • Physics  (16)
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  • Articles  (16)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An age-related decrease in the concentration of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 in human cortical bone (1995)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 57 (1995), S. 206-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The skeletal contents of insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-II), insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5), and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) were determined in duplicate samples of human femoral cortical bone obtained from 64 subjects (44 males and 20 females) between the ages of 20 and 64 years. The results of these quantitative measurements revealed an age-related decrease in the femoral cortical content of IGFBP-5 (r=-0.272, P=0.031) in the total population. Although the femoral cortical content of IGF-II did not show a similar decrease with age, it could be correlated to the femoral cortical content of IGFBP-5 (r=0.442, P〈0.001). In constrast, the femoral cortical content of IGFBP-3 did not decrease with age and could not be correlated to the femoral cortical contents of either IGFBP-5 or IGF-II. Comparisons of these results with previous measurements of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-I) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), in extracts of the same bones, showed significant cross-correlations between the femoral cortical contents of each of these growth factors and the femoral cortical contents of IGFBP-5 (r=0.625 for IGF-I versus IGFBP-5, r=0.554 for TGF-β versus IGFBP-5, P〈0.001 for each) but not IGFBP-3. Together, these data indicate average net losses of 60% and 29% of the femoral cortical contents of IGF-I and IGFBP-5, respectively, and apparent net losses (i.e., nonsignificant decreases) of 21% and 25% of the femoral cortical contents of IGF-II and TGF-β, respectively, between the third and the sixth decades (i.e., decreases from young adult values of 75.1 pmol/g of bone for IGF-I, 124.7 pmol/g of bone for IGF-II, 0.71 pmol/g of bone for TGF-β, 115.6 pmol/g of bone for IGFBP-5, and 26.2 pmol/g of bone for IGFBP-3).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310260
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osteogenic Protein-1 Stimulates mRNA Levels of BMP-6 and Decreases mRNA Levels of BMP-2 and -4 in Human Osteosarcoma Cells (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 60 (1997), S. 297 -301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Bone morphogenetic protein — Osteogenic protein-1 — Transforming growth factor-β— Osteoblasts — Growth factors.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are novel growth and differentiation factors that act on mesenchymal stem cells to initiate new bone formation in vivo and promote the growth and differentiation of cells in the osteoblastic lineage. In the present study, we examined the effects of recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 (also known as BMP-7) on the expression of related members of the BMP family using SaOS-2 and U2-OS, two human osteosarcoma cell strains. Evaluation of BMP-2, -4, and -6 mRNA expression indicates that OP-1 stimulated the mRNA levels of BMP-6 in both SaOS-2 cells (threefold) and U2-OS cells (fivefold) after 24 hours of treatment, while decreasing the mRNA levels of BMP-4 in SaOS-2 cells (80%) and BMP-2 and BMP-4 in U2-OS cells by 50% and 72%, respectively. BMP-2 mRNA expression, as examined by Northern blot analysis, was below detectable limits in SaOS-2 cultures. These results demonstrate that OP-1 modulates the mRNA expression of related members of the BMP family, suggesting a possible mode of action of OP-1 on the growth and differentiation of cells in the osteoblastic lineage in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900232
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinematic construction of the trajectory of sequential arm movements (1999)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 80 (1999), S. 157-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. A kinematic construction rule determining the trajectory of human sequential movements is formulated using minimum-jerk and minimum-angular-jerk trajectories. The kinematic construction rule states that the observed trajectory of sequential movements coincides with a weighted average of the minimum-jerk trajectory and the segmented minimum-angular-jerk trajectory. This rule covers not only point-to-point movements but also simple sequential movements. Five kinds of experiments that measure the trajectories in planar, multijoint sequential arm movements were conducted. The measured trajectories coincide with the predictions made on the basis of the kinematic construction rule presented here. Moreover, predictions of previous models such as the minimum-jerk, the equilibrium-trajectory, and the minimum-torque-change models are shown to be incompatible with our observations of sequential movements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004220050514
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zone Plate Common Path Interferometer for Testing Aspherical Mirror with Large Aperture (1995)
    Springer
    Optical review 2 (1995), S. 55-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1349-9432
    Keywords: aspherical mirror ; large aperture ; common path interferometer ; caustic waist ; computer generated hologram ; diffraction efficiency balance ; laser writer ; phase shifting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new CGH (computer generated hologram) common path interferometer, which can be used for testing an aspherical mirror with large aperture, is proposed. This interferometer does not have a circle of least confusion, and a spatial filter can be used effectively to stop extraneous lights so that interferograms with good contrast can be obtained. The phase shifting technique can be easily applied to the interferometer. The method of designing and making the CGH zone-plate is described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10043-995-0055-5
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radius Measurement of a Concave Mirror by a Zone Plate Interferometer (1995)
    Springer
    Optical review 2 (1995), S. 59-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1349-9432
    Keywords: interferometry ; differential ; Newton gauge ; zone plate interferometer ; radius measurement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A new technique to measure the radius of a concave mirror is proposed, in which the radius is calculated from the difference of the two interferograms obtained before and after shifting the sample perpendicular to or along the optical axis. By comparison of these two shifting directions, it is shown that since the amount of shift can be measured accurately and the result is insensitive to the tilt during the shifting, better accuracy can be obtained by shifting the sample along the optical axis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10043-995-0059-1
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulator for Aid of Trial-and-Error Design of Nonlinear Image Processing Filters (1995)
    Springer
    Optical review 2 (1995), S. 163-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1349-9432
    Keywords: nonlinear filters ; image processing ; filter design method ; learning filter optimization ; mathematical morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A simulator to aid in the design of nonlinear image processing filters is developed. This simulator assists the filter design by determining parameters manually by trial-and-error. The method is also useful for improving the results of the learning optimization methods. An example of the application of the technique to improve a resultant filter by a learning method of a mathematical morphological filter is shown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10043-995-0163-2
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multifractal dimensions for branched growth (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 85 (1996), S. 681-743 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Diffusion-limited aggregation ; pattern formation ; branched growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A recently proposed theory for diffusion-limited aggregation (DLA), which models this system as a random branched growth process, is reviewed. Like DLA, this process is stochastic, and ensemble averaging is needed in order to define multifractal dimensions. In an earlier work by Halsey and Leibig, annealed average dimensions were computed for this model. In this paper, we compute the quenched average dimensions, which are expected to apply to typical members of the ensemble. We develop a perturbative expansion for the average of the logarithm of the multifractal partition function; the leading and subleading divergent terms in this expansion are then resummed to all orders. The result is that in the limit where the number of particlesn→∞, the quenched and annealed dimensions areidentical; however, the attainment of this limit requires enormous values ofn. At smaller, more realistic values ofn, the apparent quenched dimensions differ from the annealed dimensions. We interpret these results to mean that while multifractality as an ensemble property of random branched growth (and hence of DLA) is quite robust, it subtly fails for typical members of the ensemble.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02199360
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of intense microwave field patterns using a neon glow indicator lamp (1995)
    Springer
    International journal of infrared and millimeter waves 16 (1995), S. 579-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9559
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A novel method using small neon glow lamps with electrodes is developed for measuring intense microwave field patterns. When the lamp axis coincide with the electric field direction, the lamp discharge starts at the feeblest microwave electric field strength. Therefore, the lamp axis shows the field direction and the discharge starting indicates the field strength. The field strength for starting the microwave discharge is less than the strength for AC discharge, because of its low loss discharge mechanism. In the experiments using a microwave oven, it has been demonstrated again comparing with the simulated results that the method is able to use for measuring the intense electric field strength and direction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02066883
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vapor–Liquid Equilibria of Silicon by the Gibbs Ensemble Simulation (1999)
    Springer
    International journal of thermophysics 20 (1999), S. 837-846 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9567
    Keywords: critical point ; Gibbs ensemble ; silicon ; simulations ; vapour–liquid equilibria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Vapor–liquid equilibrium simulations of silicon were performed using the Stillinger–Weber potential with the Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo method (GEMC). In the low temperature region, from about 3000 to 3500 K, our calculations show the stability of phases and good agreement with several experimental results. On the whole, there is little dependence on the size of the system except near the estimated critical point of silicon: T c = 7500 ± 500 K and ρc = 750 ± 100 kg · m−3 as determined by the law of rectilinear diameter. Above 3500 K, vapor–liquid coexistence properties which have not been obtained by experiment are derived.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022679018176
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cell utilizing superior oxide ion conducting electrolyte, doubly doped LaGaO3 perovskite (1998)
    Springer
    Ionics 4 (1998), S. 395-402 
    Details
    ISSN: 1862-0760
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract LaGaO3-based perovskite oxide doped with Sr and Mg exhibits high ionic conduction over a wide oxygen partial pressure. In this study, the stability of the LaGaO3 based oxide was investigated. It became clear that LaGaO3 based oxide is very stable for reduction and oxidation. SOFCs utilizing LaGaO3-based perovskite type oxide for electrolyte were further studied for the decreased temperature solid oxide fuel cells. The power generation characteristics of cells were strongly affected by the electrode, both anode and cathode. It became clear that Ni and LnCoO3 (Ln: rare earth) are suitable for anode and cathode, respectively. Rare earth cations in the Ln-site of Co-based perovskite cathode also have a great effect on the power generation characteristics. In particular, high power density could be attained in the temperature range from 973 to 1273 K by using doped SmCoO3 for the cathode. The electrical conductivity of SmCoO3 increases with increasing Sr amount doped for the Sm site and attained the maximum at Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3. The cathodic overpotential and the internal cell resistance exhibit almost opposite dependence on the amount of doped Sr. Consequently, the power density of the cell reaches a maximum when Sm0.5Sr0.5CoO3 is used for cathode. On this cell, the maximum power density is as high as 0.58 W/cm2 at 1073 K, although a 0.5 mm thick electrolyte is used. Therefore, this study reveals that the LaGaO3 based oxide for electrolyte and the SmCoO3 based oxide for cathode are promising for solid oxide fuel cells at intermediate temperature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02375883
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