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  • Springer Nature  (100)
  • Springer  (73)
  • 1995-1999  (167)
  • 1955-1959  (6)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial process for preparation of glucuronides of raloxifene (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 23 (1999), S. 194-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: raloxifene; glucuronidation; Streptomyces sp NRRL 21489
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Raloxifene, also known as Evista®, has recently been approved for the prevention of osteoporosis. Three glucuronidated compounds: raloxifene-6-glucuronide, raloxifene-27-glucuronide, and raloxifene-6,27-diglucuronide are known metabolites of raloxifene in man. Reference standards of the three glucuronides were needed for clinical trials. Although chemical routes exist to make the two mono-glucuronides, these routes were unable to provide material to meet the needs of clinical trial standards. No chemical route existed to synthesize the di-glucuronide. A bioconversion process using the microorganism Streptomyces sp NRRL 21489 was identified and scaled up. The biotranformation products were prepared in a tank fermentation, purified, and characterized by UV, LC/MS and NMR spectroscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.2900716
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Why do Japanese beetles defoliate trees from the top down? (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 80 (1996), S. 209-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Popillia japonica ; Scarabaeidae ; herbivory ; induced response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00194759
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Q-switching of a diode-pumped Nd:YVO4 laser using a quadrupole electro-optic deflector (1998)
    Springer
    Applied physics 67 (1998), S. 267-270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: PACS: 42.55.Rz; 42.55.Xi; 42.60.Gd
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: 4 laser and this produced 1.5-ns pulses of 7 kW peak power at a repetition rate of 20 kHz.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003400050505
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extensive coral reef communities of the Socotra Archipelago, Gulf of Aden (1997)
    Springer
    Coral reefs 16 (1997), S. 214-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003380050076
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Pyrophosphate-Dependent Phosphofructokinase of the Protist, Trichomonas vaginalis, and the Evolutionary Relationships of Protist Phosphofructokinases (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 47 (1998), S. 739-750 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Amitochondriate protist — Enzyme evolution — Glycolysis — Parabasala — Phosphofructokinase — PPi—Trichomonas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase (PPi-PFK) of the amitochondriate protist Trichomonas vaginalis has been purified. The enzyme is a homotetramer of about 50 kDa subunits and is not subject to allosteric regulation. The protein was fragmented and a number of peptides were sequenced. Based on this information a PCR product was obtained from T. vaginalis gDNA and used to isolate corresponding cDNA and gDNA clones. Southern analysis indicated the presence of five genes. One open reading frame (ORF) was completely sequenced and for two others the 5′ half of the gene was determined. The sequences were highly similar. The complete ORF corresponded to a polypeptide of about 46 kDa. All the peptide sequences obtained were present in the derived sequences. The complete ORF was highly similar to that of other PFKs, primarily in its amino-terminal half. The T. vaginalis enzyme was most similar to PPi-PFK of the mitochondriate heterolobosean, Naegleria fowleri. Most of the residues shown or assumed to be involved in substrate binding in other PPi-PFKs were conserved in the T. vaginalis enzyme. Direct comparison and phylogenetic reconstruction revealed a significant divergence among PPi-PFKs and related enzymes, which can be assigned to at least four distantly related groups, three of which contain enzymes of protists. The separation of these groups is supported with a high percentage of bootstrap proportions. The short T. vaginalis PFK shares a most recent common ancestor with the enzyme from N. fowleri. This pair is clearly separated from a group comprising the long (〉60-kDa) enzymes from Giardia lamblia, Entamoeba histolytica pfk2, the spirochaetes Borrelia burgdorferi and Trepomena pallidum, as well as the α- and β-subunits of plant PPi-PFKs. The third group (``X'') containing protist sequences includes the glycosomal ATP-PFK of Trypanosoma brucei, E. histolytica pfk1, and a second sequence from B. burgdorferi. The fourth group (``Y'') comprises cyanobacterial and high-G + C, Gram-positive eubacterial sequences. The well-studied PPi-PFK of Propionibacterium freudenreichii is highly divergent and cannot be assigned to any of these groups. These four groups are well separated from typical ATP-PFKs, the phylogenetic analysis of which confirmed relationships established earlier. These findings indicate a complex history of a key step of glycolysis in protists with several early gene duplications and possible horizontal gene transfers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006433
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Taking varves to bits: Scanning electron microscopy in the study of laminated sediments and varves (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 22 (1999), S. 121-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: laminated sediments ; varves ; palaeoceanography ; palaeolimnology ; palaeoclimatology ; backscattered electron imagery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Conventional high resolution studies of varved sediments are able to identify clastic and biogenic laminae, but are often unable to resolve the nature of fine-scale lamination contained therein. This intra-annual signal provides us with the highest potential resolution from the sedimentary record and can be resolved using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Six case studies from lacustrine and marine settings are presented to illustrate the combination of clastic and biogenic fabric types typically found in laminated sediments. Clastic laminae fabrics include those which originate through grain settling and those which are ‘event deposits’. The correct identification of event deposits is essential if varves are to be used chronologically. SEM-based biogenic laminae fabric studies have identified seasonal faunal successions where individual laminae may be less than 100 μ thick and most recently, deep chlorophyll maxima (DCM) summer diatom floras, providing an insight into seasonal scale processes. High resolution lamina fabric studies can provide a basis for generating records of seasonal and inter-annual variability, thus contributing to our understanding of lacustrine and marine processes and palaeoenvironmental interpretation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008069514445
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gains from trade with overlapping generations (1995)
    Springer
    Economic theory 6 (1995), S. 283-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0479
    Keywords: Gains from trade ; overlapping generations ; F10 ; F13
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Summary This paper examines the welfare effects of international trade in a context of overlapping generations. It shows that, for a single trading country, uncompensated free trade may be Pareto inferior to autarky. However, for each government there are compensation schemes which guarantee welfare improvements for all local individuals when free trade is allowed, or when for a small open economy the terms of trade improve or the number of tradable goods increases, or when a customs union is formed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01212492
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    No evidence for ‘skewed’ inactivation of the X-chromosome as cause of Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy in female carriers (1996)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 97 (1996), S. 500-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited disorder of the optic nerves. It has been proposed that the specific mutations in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) that are associated with LHON require and X-chromosomally encoded permissive factor in order to become expressed. This would explain both the preponderance of male patients and the fact that most carriers of specific mtDNA mutations remain unaffected. Although linkage studies have been negative so far, the existence of such a factor has not been ruled out. We investigated the genealogical data of 24 large LHON pedigrees and concluded that the presumed X-linked factor would be recessively inherited and that at least 57% of the affected females would be heterozygous. Therefore, these females must be the victim of nonrandom X-chromosomal inactivation (skewed lyonization). However, analysis of X-chromosomal methylation patterns in 16 LHON-affected females revealed substantial skewing in only 15%–20% of cases, which is not significantly different from the patterns in 49 controls. Moreover, we found the frequency of LHON in daughters of affected heterozygous females to be twice to three times as high as in daughters of unaffected heterozygous females, which cannot be explained by an X-chromosomally inherited factor. We conclude that the results of our investigations do not support the hypothesis that LHON is a digenic disease with an X-linked factor being the main cause of loss of vision in the presence of relevant mtDNA mutations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02267075
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Connexin32 gene mutations in X-linked dominant Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMTX1) (1997)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 99 (1997), S. 501-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Single-strand conformational polymorphisms (SSCP) of the connexin32 gene were analyzed in 121 patients possibly affected by Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease. The 121 patients were selected from 443 possible CMT/HNPP (hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies) patients based on genetic linkage to Xq13.1, absence of the 17p12 duplication and deletion, and absence of point mutations in PMP22 and P0. We found five new mutations at nucleotides 105 (C-T), 316 (C-G), 321 (C-T), 328 (T-C), and 657 (G-C), and three mutations at nucleotide 126 (C-T), 249 (G-A), and 477 (G-A) previously described in other unrelated families. The nucleotide changes resulted in seven amino-acid substitutions and one premature stop codon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004390050396
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Desmin (a low molecular weight dermatan sulphate) versus heparin in the treatment of patients with deep venous thrombosis (1998)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 54 (1998), S. 133-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Desmin ; Vein thrombosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: There is theoretical and experimental evidence which indicates that Desmin, a low molecular weight dermatan sulphate, could be an attractive alternative to heparin in the treatment of deep venous thrombosis (DVT). The present study compares both compounds in patients with established DVT. Methods: Seventeen consecutive patients admitted with DVT were included in a randomised open study comparing continuous intravenous administration of Desmin and continuous intravenous administration of heparin. Clinical, laboratory and imaging parameters were used to assess the efficacy and safety of both treatments. Results: The results of the coagulation tests confirmed the published data on the antithrombotic profile of Desmin. A trend towards better biochemical tolerance was observed with Desmin. Repeated echo duplex examinations of the deep venous system could not document further thrombus extension in any patient. Pre- and post-treatment phlebographic Marder scores showed a non-significant trend towards superior efficacy of Desmin. Overall, the results regarding efficacy and safety were not significantly different in the two groups. Conclusion: Desmin can be safely studied as an alternative to conventional anticoagulation in the treatment of DVT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050434
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