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  • General Chemistry  (2)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (2)
  • 1995-1999  (4)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1940-1944
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1998 (1998), S. 459-463 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: 1,2-Diboraheterocycles ; Carbon monoxide insertion ; Isonitrile insertion ; Dimerisation ; Spiro insertion products ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The insertion of CO into the B-B bond of 1,2-bis(diisopropylamino)-2,5-dihydro-1H-1,2-diborole (1b) and 1,2-bis(diisopropylamino)-3-methylidene-1,2-diborolane (1c) leads to the dimeric spiro products 1,7,9,14-tetrakis(diisopropylamino)-6,13-dioxa-1,7,9,14-tetraboradispiro[4.2.4.2]tetradeca-2,10-diene (4b) and 1,7,9,14-tetrakis(diisopropylamino)bismethylidene-6,13-dioxa-1,7,9,14-tetraboradispiro[4.2.4.2]tetradecane (4c). Insertions of CO into the B-B bonds of the cyclic organo-1,2-diborane compounds 5, 6, and 7 are not observed. The reaction of 1b with tert-butyl isocyanide and 2,6-dimethylphenyl isocyanide in THF leads to the formation of the monomeric insertion products 1,3-bis(diisopropylamino)-2-tert-butylimino-1,3-diboracyclohex-4-ene (10b) and 1,3-bis-(diisopropylamino)-2-(2′,6′-dimethylphenylimino)-1,3-diboracyclohex-4-ene (11b). The treatment of 1cwith the isonitriles yields 2-tert-butylimino-1,3-bis(diisopropylamino)-4-methylidene-1,3-diboracyclohexane (10c) and 1,3-bis(diisopropylamino)-2-(2′,6′-dimethylphenylimino)-4-methylidene-1,3-diboracyclohexane (11c). The steric requirements of the isonitrile insertion products 10b, c and 11b, c prevent their dimerisation and rearrangement. 11b rearranges to 1-(diisopropylamino)-2-(diisopropylaminohydroxyboryl)-2-(2′,6′-dimethylphenylamino)-1-boracyclopent-3-ene (12b) upon reaction with water from sodium sulfate decahydrate. The compositions of the compounds are derived from the 1H-, 11B-, 13C-NMR data as well as from mass-spectral and C, H, N analyses. In the cases of of 4b and 12b they have been proven by X-ray structure analyses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 1998 (1998), S. 469-476 
    ISSN: 1434-1948
    Keywords: Cage compounds ; Crystal structure ; Hafnium ; Trimetaphosphimates ; Zirconium ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The (trimetaphosphimato)hafnates and -zirconates Na4{Hf4(μ4-O)(μ-OH)6[(PO2NH)3]4} · 18 H2O [1, Pa3, a = 22.687(3) Å, Z = 8], Na4{Hf4(μ4-O)(μ-OH)6[(PO2NH)3]4} · 21 H2O [2, R3, a = 14.350(2), c = 50.348(10) Å, Z = 6], Na4{Zr4(μ4-O)(μ-OH)6[(PO2NH)3]4} · 18 H2O [3, Pa3, a = 22.693(3) Å, Z = 8], and Na4{Zr4(μ4-O)(μ-OH)6[(PO2NH)3]4} · 21 H2O [4, R3¯, a = 14.303(2), c = 50.284(10) Å, Z = 6] were obtained by the stoichiometric reaction of HfOCl2 · 8 H2O and ZrOCl2 · 8 H2O with an aqueous solution of Na3(PO2NH)3 · 4 H2O, followed by the diffusion-controlled addition of methanol. During these reactions compounds 1 and 2, or 3 and 4, crystallized simultaneously and the hafnium and zirconium complexes 1 and 3, as well as 2 and 4, were found to be isostructural and isomorphous. The characteristic structural feature which is central to 1, 2, 3, and 4 is the complex tetranuclear anion {M4(μ4-O)(μ-OH)6[(PO2NH)3]4}4- with M = Zr or Hf. The anion consists of five corner-sharing adamantanoid cages. The central cage, {M4(μ4-O)(μ-OH)6}8+, has a tetracoordinated oxygen atom in the middle, and the other cages are formed by the trimetaphosphimate ions acting as tridentate ligands which coordinate to Hf or Zr. The water content of the compounds 1-4 could not be determined unequivocally by chemical analyses since the compounds are always obtained as mixtures of the rhombohedral (2/4) and cubic (1/3) phases. Thermal decomposition of compounds 1-4 starts above 120°C and leads to the formation of HfP2O7 and ZrP2O7/NaZr2(PO4)3, with the evolution of H2O and NH3. DSC measurements gave no evidence that the compounds 1 and 2, or 3 and 4, might be transformed into each other by heating.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biologie in unserer Zeit 29 (1999), S. 364-370 
    ISSN: 0045-205X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Bioindikatoren sind lebende Anzeiger für Umweltfaktoren. Flechten, die vordergründig unscheinbaren Doppelwesen aus Pilz und Alge, können auskunft über das Ausmaß der Luftbelastung einer Region geben. SIe werden in der Umweltüberwachung neben anderen Bioindikatoren unter Verwendung teilweise hoch standardisierter Verfahren eingesetzt. Mit entsprechender Anleitung können jedoch auch Schülerinnen und Schüler der Jahrgangsstufen 10 bis 13 oder erwachsene Laien Flechtenkartierungen durchführen und so Information über den Zustand der Luftqualität ihrer Region erhalten. Die gewonnenen Daten bieten eine gute Grundlage für weiterführend Auswertungen und Arbeiten im Bereich Stadt- oder Landschaftsökologie (Abbildung 1).
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 19 (1997), S. 481-490 
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The mammalian dentition is a segmented organ system with shape differences among its serially homologous elements (individual teeth). It is believed to have evolved from simpler precursors with greater similarities in shape among teeth, and a wealth of descriptive data exist on changes to the dentition that have occurred within mammals. Recent progress has been made in determining the genetic basis of the processes that form an individual tooth, but patterning of the dentition as a whole (i.e. the number, location and shape of the teeth) is less well understood. In contrast to similarly organized systems, such as the vertebral column and limb, Hox genes are not involved in specifying differences among elements. Nevertheless, recent work on a variety of systems is providing clues to the transcription factors and extracellular signalling molecules involved.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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