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  • Springer  (55)
  • Wiley  (44)
  • 1995-1999  (81)
  • 1960-1964  (18)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Top-down impact through a bottom-up mechanism: the effect of limpet grazing on growth, productivity and carbon allocation of Zostera marina L. (eelgrass) (1996)
    Springer
    Oecologia 107 (1996), S. 560-567 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Eelgrass ; Grazing ; Productivity ; Limpets ; Trophic interactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The unusual appearance of a commensal eelgrass limpet [Tectura depicta (Berry)] from southern California at high density (up to 10 shoot−1) has coincided with the catastrophic decline of a subtidal Zostera marina L. meadow in Monterey Bay, California. Some commensal limpets graze the chloroplast-rich epidermis of eelgrass leaves, but were not known to affect seagrass growth or productivity. We evaluated the effect on eelgrass productivity of grazing by limpets maintained at natural densities (8±2 shoot−1) in a natural light mesocosm for 45 days. Growth rates, carbon reserves, root proliferation and net photosynthesis of grazed plants were 50–80% below those of ungrazed plants, but biomass-specific respiration was unaffected. The daily period of irradiance-saturated photosynthesis (H sat) needed to maintain positive carbon balance in grazed plants approached 13.5 h, compared with 5–6 h for ungrazed plants. The amount of carbon allocated to roots of ungrazed plants was 800% higher than for grazed plants. By grazing the chlorophyll-rich epidermis, T. depicta induced carbon limitation in eelgrass growing in an other-wise light-replete environment. Continued northward movement of T. depicta, may have significant impacts on eelgrass production and population dynamics in the northeast Pacific, even thought this limpet consumes very little plant biomass. This interaction is a dramatic example of top-down control (grazing/predation) of eelgrass productivity and survival operating via a bottom-up mechanism (photosynthesis limitation).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00333949
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seedling establishment in an epiphytic orchid: an experimental study of seed limitation (1996)
    Springer
    Oecologia 106 (1996), S. 192-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Pollination limitation ; Selection potential ; Seed dispersal ; Microsite limitation ; Fruit production
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Will increased fruit and seed production in a severely pollination-limited orchid stimulate population growth? We tested whether safe sites for germination and seedling establishment are limiting for the twig epiphyte, Tolumnia variegata, by manipulating fruit set and monitoring subsequent seedling establishment for two seasons (1991–1992, 1992–1993). In the Cambalache Forest Reserve of Puerto Rico, we established 36 plots along a transect. Each plot consisted of nine trees. A center tree was designated as the site for attaching Tolumnia and manipulating fruit set. The other eight potential host trees were 1–3 and 3–5 m from the center tree in each of the cardinal directions. A 1-m length of stem 1 m from the ground was monitored for recruits on each of the nine trees of 24 fruit-enhanced plots and 12 controls (23 and 13, respectively for the 1992–1993 season). Fruit enhancement plots were divided among two treatments: one-fruit and five-fruit additions for the 1st year and one to five and more than five fruits for the 2nd year. Availability of suitable host species was not limiting. T. variegata showed little specificity for host tree species, good host trees and shrubs were common, and there was no evidence that the orchid had a preference for small branches, despite possessing the entire suite of characteristics thought to respresent “obligate” twig epiphytes. Fruit enhancement increased seed rain and seedling establishment consistently in only the high-fruit treatment plots. Most recruitment occurred near fruiting plants. Over the 2-year period, mortality was 18% for adults and 85.5% for the 1991–1992 cohort of recruits. Net recruitment was positive for both the treatment (average = 1.74) and control plots (average = 0.67). Seedling establishment at our study site was not microsite-limited. If selection for increased pollinator attraction occurs, then an increase in seed output should result in population growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00328598
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    2,6-Diamino-2,6-Didesoxy-D-Allose aus Glukosamin unter Verwendung einer Inversion mit Thionylchlorid (1964)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 51 (1964), S. 509-510 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00632214
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental Studies of Shear Deformation of Mantle Materials: Towards Structural Geology of the Mantle (1998)
    Springer
    Pure and applied geophysics 151 (1998), S. 589-603 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key words: Simple shear deformation, structural geology, seismic anisotropy, partial melting, lattice preferred orientation, shear localization.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —A brief outline is given on experimental studies carried out in the Minnesota Mineral and Rock Physics Laboratory of microstructural evolution and rheology of mantle mineral aggregates or their analogues, using a simple shear deformation geometry. A simple shear deformation geometry allows us to unambiguously identify controlling factors of microstructural evolution and to obtain large strains at high pressures and temperatures, and thus provides a unique opportunity to investigate the "structural geology of the mantle." We have developed a simple shear deformation technique for use at high pressures and temperatures (pressure up to 16 GPa and temperature up to 2000 K) in both gas-medium and solid-medium apparati. This technique has been applied to the following mineral systems (i) olivine aggregates, (ii) olivine basaltic melt, (iii) CaTiO3 perovskite aggregates. The results have provided important data with which to understand the dynamics of the earth’s mantle, including the geometry of mantle convection, mechanisms of melt distribution and migration beneath mid-ocean ridges, and the mechanisms of shear localization. Limitations of laboratory studies and future directions are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000240050131
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Report On ‘Comprehensive Curricular Change at a Small Liberal Arts College: Bioorganic First at Juniata College’ (1998)
    Springer
    The chemical educator 3 (1998), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1430-4171
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Because the conceptual basis of the curriculum is that the majority of the students are not chemists, participants in this session examined which aspects of organic chemistry are really necessary for a nonchemical (mostly biological) audience. Participants learned about Juniata’s solution to this curriculum problem and considered whether any of the ideas are useful in other settings. An important consideration is whether the curriculum is indivisible or whether certain parts can be adopted without others. Particular examples from the Juniata curriculum were described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00897980165a
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Report On ‘Chemistry in a Biological Context’ (1998)
    Springer
    The chemical educator 3 (1998), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1430-4171
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The American Chemical Society has started its first large-scale project related to opening up new options for undergraduate majors. Tentatively titled ‘Chemistry in a Biological Context,’ the work has only just begun. Participants are invited to provide early feedback into the nature and shape of the project.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00897980177a
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Report On ‘ChemLinks: Changing the Way Students Learn Chemistry’ (1998)
    Springer
    The chemical educator 3 (1998), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1430-4171
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract ChemLinks is a collaborative effort by over seventy active participants from twenty-four academic institutions to write, test, and disseminate topical modules to be used to teach chemistry in the first and second years of the college curriculum. Twenty-four modules are currently under development and an additional seven will be started this year. In this workshop the leaders discussed the plan and philosophy behind this project and presented components from two modules as examples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00897980171a
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model of cell cycle behavior dominated by kinetics of a pathway stimulated by growth factors (1999)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 61 (1999), S. 917-934 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A modified version of a previously developed mathematical model [Obeyesekere et al., Cell Prolif. (1997)] of the G1-phase of the cell cycle is presented. This model describes the regulation of the G1-phase that includes the interactions of the nuclear proteins, RB, cyclin E, cyclin D, cdk2, cdk4 and E2F. The effects of the growth factors on cyclin D synthesis under saturated or unsaturated growth factor conditions are investigated based on this model. The solutions to this model (a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations) are discussed with respect to existing experiments. Predictions based on mathematical analysis of this model are presented. In particular, results are presented on the existence of two stablesolutions, i. e., bistability within the G1-phase. It is shown that this bistability exists under unsaturated growth factor concentration levels. This phenomenon is very noticeable if the efficiency of the signal transduction, initiated by the growth factors leading to cyclin D synthesis, is low. The biological significance of this result as well as possible experimental designs to test these predictions are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bulm.1999.0118
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Survey of Approaches for Assessing and Managing the Risk of Extremes (1999)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 19 (1999), S. 83-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Keywords: Extreme events ; risk assessment ; risk management ; extreme value theory ; judgmental distributions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we review methods for assessing and managing the risk of extreme events, where “extreme events” are defined to be rare, severe, and outside the normal range of experience of the system in question. First, we discuss several systematic approaches for identifying possible extreme events. We then discuss some issues related to risk assessment of extreme events, including what type of output is needed (e.g., a single probability vs. a probability distribution), and alternatives to the probabilistic approach. Next, we present a number of probabilistic methods. These include: guidelines for eliciting informative probability distributions from experts; maximum entropy distributions; extreme value theory; other approaches for constructing prior distributions (such as reference or noninformative priors); the use of modeling and decomposition to estimate the probability (or distribution) of interest; and bounding methods. Finally, we briefly discuss several approaches for managing the risk of extreme events, and conclude with recommendations and directions for future research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006958311241
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adverse Health Experiences, Environmental Attitudes, and Pesticide Usage Behavior of Farm Operators (1999)
    Springer
    Risk analysis 19 (1999), S. 283-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Keywords: Risk perception ; pesticides ; pest management ; health effects ; agricultural pollution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Water pollution from agricultural pesticides continues to be a public concern. Given that the use of such pesticides on the farm is largely governed by voluntary behavior, it is important to understand what drives farmer behavior. Health belief models in public health and social psychology argue that persons who have adverse health experiences are likely to undertake preventive behavior. An analogous hypothesis set was tested here: farmers who believe they have had adverse health experiences from pesticides are likely to have heightened concerns about pesticides and are more likely to take greater precautions in dealing with pesticides. This work is based on an original survey of a population of 2700 corn and soybean growers in Maryland, New York, and Pennsylvania using the U.S. Department of Agriculture data base. It was designed as a mail survey with telephone follow-up, and resulted in a 60 percent response rate. Farm operators report experiencing adverse health problems they believe are associated with pesticides that is equivalent to an incidence rate that is higher than the reported incidence of occupational pesticide poisonings, but similar to the reported incidence of all pesticide poisonings. Farmers who report experiencing such problems have more heightened concerns about water pollution from fertilizers and pesticides, and illness and injury from mixing, loading, and applying pesticides than farmers who have not experienced such problems. Farmers who report experiencing such problems also are more likely to report using alternative pest management practices than farmers who do not report having such problems. This implies that farmers who have had such experiences do care about the effects of application and do engage in alternative means of pest management, which at least involve the reduction in pesticide use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006929812285
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