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  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (54)
  • Organic Chemistry  (51)
  • Chemical Engineering  (41)
  • SPACE RADIATION
  • STRUCTURAL MECHANICS
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (146)
  • 1995-1999  (107)
  • 1960-1964  (24)
  • 1935-1939  (15)
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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (146)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PML-containing nuclear bodies: Their spatial distribution in relation to other nuclear components (1996)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 63 (1996), S. 280-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: nuclear bodies ; PML ; confocal microscopy ; image restoration ; RNA ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The PML protein is a human growth suppressor concentrated in 10 to 20 nuclear bodies per nucleus (PML bodies). Disruption of the PML gene has been shown to be related to acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL). To obtain information about the function of PML bodies we have investigated the 3D-distribution of PML bodies in the nucleus of T24 cells and compared it with the spatial distribution of a variety of other nuclear components, using fluorescence dual-labeling immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. Results show that PML bodies are not enriched in nascent RNA, the splicing component U2-snRNP, or transcription factors (glucocorticoid receptor, TFIIH, and E2F). These results show that PML bodies are not prominent sites of RNA synthesis or RNA splicing. We found that a large fraction of PML bodies (50 to 80%) is closely associated with DNA replication domains during exclusively middle-late S-phase. Furthermore, in most cells that we analysed we found at least one PML body was tightly associated with a coiled body. In the APL cell line NB4, the PML gene is fused with the RARα gene due to a chromosomal rearrangement. PML bodies have disappeared and the PML antigen, i.e., PML and the PML-RAR fusion protein, is dispersed in a punctated pattern throughout the nucleoplasm. We showed that in NB4 cells the sites that are rich in PML antigen significantly colocalize with sites at which nascent RNA accumulates. This suggests that, in contrast to non-APL cells, in NB4 cells the PML antigen is associated with sites of transcription. The implications of these findings for the function of PML bodies are consistent with the idea that PML bodies are associated with specific genomic loci. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of the intermediate filament proteins vimentin, keratin, and desmin in the bovine ovary (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 41 (1995), S. 459-467 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Vimentin ; Keratin ; Desmin ; Immunohis-tochemistry ; Ovary ; Bovine ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The distribution of the intermediate filament (IF) proteins desmin, keratin, and vimentin was studied immunohistochemically in bovine ovaries. Special attention was paid to granulosa cells to examine possible marked changes of IF distribution in relation to folliculogenesis during ovarian development. Therefore, ovaries were used from fetuses from 3 months of gestation onward, calves, heifers, and cows. In all ovaries, desmin immunoreactivity was restricted to smooth muscle cells in blood vessel walls. Keratin appeared a characteristic of the ovarian surface epithelium. Co-localization of keratin and vimentin was observed in the epithelium of rete ovarii tubules in fetuses and calves, and in cortical cord epithelium and pregranulosa cells of primordial follicles in fetuses at 3-7 months of gestation. Vimentin was demonstrated in endothelium and in fibroblasts. In addition, vimentin immunoreactivity was present in granulosa cells of primary, secondary, and antral follicles. In antral follicles, these granulosa cells mainly had an elongated appearance and either contained an oblong or a round nucleus. Those with an oblong nucleus were characteristic for atretic antral follicles. In nonatretic follicles, numerous vimentin immunore-active, elongated granulosa cells with a round nucleus were observed, especially in the peripheral granulosa layer and in small (〈3 mm in diameter) antral follicles. Additionally, in antral follicles, protrusions of vimentin-positive corona radiata cells were observed, that penetrated the zona pellucida to contact the oocyte. The data show that the distribution of vimentin containing IFs is associated with various aspects of granulosa cell activity, as mitosis, atresia, and intercellular transport. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080410408
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymatic Cleavage of N-Phenylacetyl-Protected Ethanolamine Phosphates (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1997 (1997), S. 1215-1220 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: L-glycero-α-D-manno-Heptopyranosides ; Ethanolamine phosphates ; Phenylacetyl, enzymatic cleavage of ; Carbohydrates ; Glucosylations ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Immobilized penicillin-G acylase mediated removal of the N-phenylacetyl protective group in ethanolamine phosphates 7 and 9 furnished compounds 8 and 10, respectively. Deblocking of N-phenylacetyl-protected ethanolamine phosphate heptosyl disaccharide 22, a protected spacer-containing fragment of the inner-core lipopolysaccharide region of Neisseria meningitidis, immunotype L3 was readily accomplished with penicillin-G acylase, yielding target dimer 2. Disaccharide 22 was accessible by elongation of ethyl 1-thio-L-glycero-α-D-manno-heptopyranosyl donor 13 with acceptor 14 under the influence of N-iodosuccinimide/triflic acid. Protective group manipulations, phosphorylation with the reagent 2-cyanoethyl 2-(phenylacetylamino)ethyl N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite (5) and deprotection furnished LD-Hepp dimer 22.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.199719970625
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrodynamic modeling of gas/particle flows in riser reactors (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 1569-1582 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Complex hydrodynamic behavior of circulating fluidized beds makes their scale-up very complicated. In particular, large-scale lateral solids segregation causes a complex two-phase flow pattern which influences significantly their performance. Lateral solids segregation has been attributed to direct collisional interactions between particles as well as to interaction between gas-phase eddies and dispersed particles. However, these phenomena have not been investigated thoroughly.This article discusses an advanced 2-D hydrodynamic model developed for circulating fluidized beds based on the two-fluid concept. Because theory to model the interaction between gas-phase eddies and dispersed particles is not available, turbulence was modeled on a macroscopic scale using a modified Prandtl mixing length model. To model the influence of direct particle-particle collisions the kinetic theory for granular flow was applied based on the Chapman-Enskog theory of dense gases. For model validation purposes, a cold flow circulating fluidized bed was employed in which sand was transported with air as fluidizing agent. The column is equipped with pressure transducers to measure the axial pressure profile and with a reflective optical fiber probe to measure the local solids concentration and axial solids velocity. Theoretically calculated solids concentration and axial solids velocity agree satisfactorily with experiment, especially when one realizes that the model contains no adjustable parameters. In general, however, the model slightly underpredicted the experimentally observed lateral solids segregation and yielded a more peaked velocity profile compared to its experimental counterpart.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690420608
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rigorous model for ion exchange equilibria of strong and weak electrolytes (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 1911-1924 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A thermodynamics-based equilibrium model was developed to describe ion exchange equilibria of strong and weak electrolytes. It is applicable to binary and multicomponent systems, using selectivity coefficients for all ion pairs and distribution coefficients for all neutral species as parameters. The model was successfully tested for a strong-base anion exchange resin with the strong electrolyte NaCl and the weak electrolytes acetic acid and N-acetylmethionine in a wide concentration range. Compared to conventional models, this model is more advantageous because it takes into account the uptake of all species, counterions as well coions and neutral species, thus making it possible to calculate the intraparticle pH. Especially when weak electrolytes are involved and when electrolyte concentrations strongly exceed the resin capacity, it is superior to conventional ones, whereas for dilute systems it converges to the conventional stoichiometric displacement model.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690420712
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of pH and concentration on column dynamics of weak electrolyte ion exchange (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 1925-1937 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The column dynamics of simple ion-exchange processes involving acetic acid and N-acetylmethionine were studied using a strong-base anion exchange resin to reveal the complex relation between pH, concentration, equilibrium isotherms, and chromatographic separation in ion-exchange chromatography of weak electrolytes. Changing either the influent pH or the concentration, while keeping the other variable constant, led to considerable effluent concentration and pH fluctuations, respectively. This behavior is caused mainly by the uptake of undissociated acids. To describe these phenomena quantitatively, a rigorous thermodynamics-based equilibrium model for ion exchange, including Donnan potential and reaction equilibria, was incorporated into a fixed-bed model. Experimental results can be described well by this dynamic model, which is superior to conventional models due to its explicit incorporation of coions and partitioning of neutral species. It has great potential for optimizing chromatographic separations of weak electrolyte solutions.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690420713
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effluent concentration profiles in centrifugal partition chromatography (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 693-702 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Centrifugal partition chromatography (CPC) is a relatively new preparative chromatographic technique. To understand, predict, and optimize CPC separations a model is needed, describing the effluent concentration profile as a function of the phenomena that determine the separation efficiency (mass transfer, mixing, and partitioning). The model presented in this article describes experimental effluent concentration profiles accurately. Partition coefficients, Stanton numbers, and Péclet numbers were obtained by comparing model simulations to experimental pulse-response data. The fitted partition coefficients agree well with those obtained from shake-flask experiments. Mass-transfer limitation is the major reason for peak broadening. The inverse mass-transfer coefficient is a linear function of the partition coefficient. The model will be a valuable tool in determining the influence of mass transfer as a function of various experimental conditions.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690430315
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of morphology in blends of immiscible polymers (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 1649-1651 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690430629
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of dissociation equilibria on ion-exchange processes of weak electrolytes (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 73-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Ion-exchange processes involving weak electrolytes are influenced strongly by the pH via the occurrence of association/dissociation equilibria. This influence was investigated quantitatively through binary displacement experiments with different electrolytes to gain better insight in the role of the pH and to test a fixed-bed ion-exchange model used for the description of multicomponent processes. The two major factors determining the ion-exchange behavior of weak electrolytes are the actual exchange of counterions and the sorption of neutral species. The sorption of neutral species resulted in concentration fluctuations superimposed on the normal ion-exchange profiles, whereas pH fluctuations inherent to ion-exchange processes in general also influenced concentration through modified ionic fractions. The relative importance of these contributions is determined by the magnitude of parameters such as resin capacity, distribution coefficients of neutral species, and selectivities of ions, as well as by operating conditions such as concentrations of all species.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690430110
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biscalix[4]arene Ligands for Dinuclear Lanthanide Ion Complexation (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1997 (1997), S. 2587-2600 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Biscalix[4]arene ; Lanthanide ions ; Energy transfer ; Luminescence ; Dinuclear complexes ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Three types of lower-lower rim linked biscalix[4]arenes that contain carboxylic ester (1) and/or amide functions (2 and 3) at their remaining phenolic oxygen atoms were synthesized. The homo- and heterodinuclear lanthanide ion complexes based on these ligands were used to study the energy transfer between different lanthanide ions. Photophysical studies comparing the luminescence properties of the homodinuclear Eu3+ complex and the heterodinuclear Eu3+-Nd3+ complex of 2 indicated that energy transfer is likely to occur from Eu3+ to Nd3+ with an efficiency of 〉 50%. The luminescence properties turned out to be strongly solvent dependent, which is attributed to structural changes leading to different positions of the lanthanide ions in the cavities provided by the biscalix[4]arene.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.199719971226
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