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  • rice straw  (3)
  • KR-ET-1  (2)
  • Springer  (5)
  • 1995-1999  (5)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1935-1939
  • 1920-1924
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  • Springer  (5)
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  • 1995-1999  (5)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1935-1939
  • 1920-1924
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sources of methane emitted from paddy fields (1997)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 49 (1997), S. 153-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: contribution ; methane flux ; photosynthate ; rice straw ; soil organic matter ; soil properties
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Soil organic matter, roots (photosynthates) and applied organic materials (rice straw etc.) are the main sources of methane (CH4) emitted from paddy fields. The potential CH4 production in Japanese paddy fields were estimated from chemical properties of paddy soils of respective soil series, their acreage and thermal regimes during the rice growing period. The estimated amounts of potential CH4 production were from 24 to 54 kg-C ha-1 among 7 Districts in Japan, which are around one fifth of the amounts of CH4 emission observed from paddy fields in the world. 13CO2 uptake pot experiments were carried out three times from Aug. 8 to Sept. 25 to the treatment without rice straw applications in 1993 and four times from June 30 to Sept. 13 to the treatments with and without rice straw applications in 1994 to estimate the contribution of photosynthesized carbon to CH4 emission. The contribution percentages of photosynthesized carbon to the total CH4 emitted to the atmosphere were calculated to be 22% and 29-39% for the entire growth period in the treatments with and without rice straw applications, respectively. The relationship between the amount of CH4 emission to the atmosphere from submerged paddy soils with rice plants and the application level (0-8 g kg-1) of rice straw in soil was investigated in a pot experiment. The increase (Y) in cumulative amounts of CH4 with the increase in the application level of rice straw was formulated with a logistic curve: Y=k[a/(1 +be-cx)]; x, application level of rice straw; k, a coefficient for relative CH4 emission. Since the seasonal variations in coefficients a, b and c in the equation were also formulated as the function of the sum of effective temperature (E, Σ (T-15); T, daily average temperature), Y from any paddy soil by any level of rice straw application was known to be estimated by the equation: Y=k[a(E)/(1 +b(E)e-c(E)x)].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009790920271
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of the increase in CH4 emission from paddy soils by rice straw application (1995)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 173 (1995), S. 225-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: effective temperature ; estimation ; methane emission ; paddy soil ; rice straw
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between the amount of CH4 emission to the atmosphere from submerged paddy soils with rice plants and the application level (0–8 g kg-1) of rice straw (RS) in soil was investigated in a pot experiment. Amounts of CH4 emitted from pots with respective RS levels differed between a clayey yellow soil and a silty gray lowland soil. However, the increase in cumulative amounts of CH4 emission with the increase in the application level of RS was similar in pattern between the two soils, and the increase (Y) was formulated with a logistic curve: x, application level of RS; k, a coefficient for relative CH4 emission. Since the seasonal variations in coefficients a, b, and c in the logistic equation were also formulated as the function of the sum of effective temperature (E, Σ(T−15); T, daily average temperature), the increase in cumulative amounts of CH4 emission from any paddy soil by any level of RS application was known to be estimated by the following equation:
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011459
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-year measurement of methane emission from an Indonesian paddy field (1996)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 181 (1996), S. 287-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: dry season ; Indonesian paddy field ; methane emission ; rice straw ; wet season ; yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Yearly and seasonal (rainy and dry seasons) variations of CH4 emission from a Sumatra paddy field were measured for 3 years. The mean CH4 emission rates during the growth period were in the range of 16.0–26.1 mg CH4 m-2 h-1 for the chemical fertilizer plots and 23.3–34.9 mg CH4 m-2 h-1 for the plots with rice straw application, respectively. The increase in the amounts of CH4 emission by rice straw application were from 1.3 to 1.6 times. There was no significant difference in the mean CH4 emission rates between rainy and dry seasons. Total amounts of CH4 emitted during the period of rice growth were in the ranges of 29.5–48.2 and 43.0–64.6 g CH4 m-2 for the plots applied with chemical fertilizer and those with rice straw application, respectively. Nearly the same amounts of CH4 were emitted in the first and second half of the growth period, irrespective of rice straw application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00012063
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improvement in the oxidative folding of endothelin-1 by a Lys-Arg extension at the amino terminus: Implication of a salt bridge between Arg-1 and Asp8 (1997)
    Springer
    International journal of peptide research and therapeutics 4 (1997), S. 185-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3904
    Keywords: α-Helix ; Carboxamide substitution ; Circular dichroism ; Disulfide isomer ; KR-ET-1 ; Prosequence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract An amino-terminal extension of endothelin-1 by the Lys-Arg dipeptide in the prosequence (KR-ET-1) greatly increased the ratio of native-type to non-native-type disulfide isomer (96/4 versus 71/29) during the oxidative folding reaction. This improvement was completely abolished by substituting Asn for Asp at position 8 (D8N-KR-ET-1), whereas most of it was maintained with similar carboxamide analogues replaced at Glu10 or Asp18. Structure analyses by circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that (i) in the carboxylate state, the α-helical content of the native-type isomer of KR-ET-1 is higher than that of the native-type isomer of ET-1, while such a variation is not observed in the corresponding non-native-type isomer of KR-ET-1; and (ii) the enhanced α-helicity resulting from the Lys-Arg extension is largely diminished in D8N-KR-ET-1. From these results and our previous findings that the helical structure in KR-ET-1 is stabilized by a particular salt bridge between the extended Arg-1 basic moiety and either the Asp8 or Glu10 acidic side chain in ET-1 [Aumelas, A. et al., Biochemistry, 34 (1995) 4546], we conclude that the formation of a specific salt bridge between the side chains of Arg-1 and Asp8 in KR-ET-1 is critical for the predominant generation of the native-type disulfide isomer, probably because it stabilizes the helical structure of parental ET-1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008835323518
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improvement in the oxidative folding of endothelin-1 by a lys-Arg extension at the amino terminus: Implication of a salt bridge between Arg−1 and Asp8 (1997)
    Springer
    International journal of peptide research and therapeutics 4 (1997), S. 185-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3904
    Keywords: α-Helix ; Carboxamide substitution ; Circular dichroism ; Disulfide isomer ; KR-ET-1 ; Prosequence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary An amino-terminal extension of endothelin-l by the lys-Arg dipeptide in the prosequence (KR-ET-1) greatly increased the ratio of native-type to non-native-type disulfide isomer (96/4 versus 71/29) during the oxidative folding reaction. This improvement was completely abolished by substituting Asn for Asp at position 8 (D8N-KR-ET-1), whereas most of it was maintained with similar carboxamide analogues replaced at Glu10 or Asp18. Structure analyses by circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that (i) in the carboxylate state, the α-helical content of the native-type isomer of KR-ET-l is higher than that of the native-type isomer of ET-1, while such a variation is not observed in the corresponding non-native-type isomer of KR-ET-l; and (ii) the enhanced α-helicity resulting from the Lys-Arg extension is largely diminished in D8N-KR-ET-l. From these results and our previous findings that the helical structure in KR-ET-l is stabilized by a particular salt bridge between the extended Arg−1 basic moiety and either the Asp8 or Glu10 acidic side chain in Et-1 [Aumelas, A. et al., Biochemistry, 34 (1995) 4546], we conclude that the formation of a specific salt bridge between the side chains of Arg−1 and Asp8 in KR-ET-1 is critical for the predominant generation of the native-type disulfide isomer, probably because it stabilizes the helical structure of parental ET-1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02443532
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