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  • Cellulose microfibril  (4)
  • methane emission  (4)
  • Amphibian  (2)
  • Springer  (10)
  • 1995-1999  (10)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1935-1939
  • 1920-1924
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
  • Springer  (10)
Years
  • 1995-1999  (10)
  • 1960-1964
  • 1935-1939
  • 1920-1924
  • 1990-1994  (1)
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fictive respiratory rhythm in the isolated brainstem of frogs (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 176 (1995), S. 703-713 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Neural control of breathing ; Amphibian ; Isolated brainstem ; Respiration Pattern generation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Spontaneous rhythmically bursting activity was recorded from the trigeminal, vagal and hypoglossal nerve roots of the isolated brainstem from the frogsRana catesbeiana andRana pipiens superfused with a bicarbonate-free HEPES-buffer solution. Burst frequency, burst duration and the activity profile of the spontaneous neural discharges in vitro resembled those of a less radical preparation, the decerebrate, fictively breathing frog. After complete midsagittal section, each half of the isolated brainstem generated its own rhythmic neural activity which resembled that of the intact isolated brainstem. The spontaneous activity generated within each half of the brainstem is probably coordinated by decussating axons or by groups of neurons located along the midline of the brainstem. Our results suggest that these coordinating entities extend the length of the brainstem (in a rostro-caudal dimension) and the degree of contact rather than the location of the contact between the two halves of the brainstem determines the synchronization of the right and left halves. Burst frequency of both the intact and hemisected brainstem preparation was decreased by alkaline challenge and increased by acid challenge. We conclude that this endogeneous rhythmic activity represents the efferent motor output underlying lung ventilation in these animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01021590
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fictive respiratory rhythm in the isolated brainstem of frogs (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 176 (1995), S. 703-713 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Keywords: Neural control of breathing ; Amphibian ; Isolated brainstem ; Respiration Pattern generation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Spontaneous rhythmically bursting activity was recorded from the trigeminal, vagal and hypoglossal nerve roots of the isolated brainstem from the frogs Rana catesbeiana and Rana pipiens superfused with a bicarbonate-free HEPES-buffer solution. Burst frequency, burst duration and the activity profile of the spontaneous neural discharges in vitro resembled those of a less radical preparation, the decerebrate, fictively breathing frog. After complete midsagittal section, each half of the isolated brainstem generated its own rhythmic neural activity which resembled that of the intact isolated brainstem. The spontaneous activity generated within each half of the brainstem is probably coordinated by decussating axons or by groups of neurons located along the midline of the brainstem. Our results suggest that these coordinating entities extend the length of the brainstem (in a rostro-caudal dimension) and the degree of contact rather than the location of the contact between the two halves of the brainstem determines the synchronization of the right and left halves. Burst frequency of both the intact and hemisected brainstem preparation was decreased by alkaline challenge and increased by acid challenge. We conclude that this endogeneous rhythmic activity represents the efferent motor output underlying lung ventilation in these animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00192499
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methane emission fluxes from rice paddies and the methane productive potential in the soils (1997)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 49 (1997), S. 129-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: methane emission ; productive potential ; seasonal variation ; total CO2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract We estimated the productive potential of methane in paddy soils by anaerobically incubating soils in the laboratory. In addition, we determined the emission fluxes from the rice paddies through rice plants during the whole growth period, according to the methods suggested by Cicerone & Shetter (1981). The results showed that the total amounts of methane emission from rice paddies were very close to the productive potential of the soils and suggested that the large parts of methane emitted from rice paddies originated from the productive potential of methane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009750106640
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for the role of the glomerulocyte in cellulose synthesis in the tunicate,Metandrocarpa uedai (1995)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 186 (1995), S. 24-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cellulose microfibril ; Electron diffraction ; Glomerulocyte ; Metandrocarpa uedai ; Tunic ; Vacuole-like structure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The tunicate,Metandrocarpa uedai, contains a large quantity of cellulose; however, it is not known how and where the cellulose is synthesized. Based on evidence from electron diffraction and conventional thin-sectioning for electron microscopy, this study shows that the glomerulocyte is involved in the synthesis of cellulose. The bundles of microfibrils in the glomerulocyte as well as the tunic were identified as cellulose I using selected area electron diffraction analysis. The diffraction pattern of cellulose in the glomerulocyte was similar to that from the tunic, suggesting that the crystallization of cellulose already is initiated in the glomerulocyte. The diameter of cellulose microfibrils, both in the glomerulocyte and the tunic was the same, about 16 nm. These results suggest that the glomerulocyte is the most probable site for the synthesis of cellulose in the tunic ofM. uedai. Using thin-sectioning techniques, a series of observations showed that individual microfibrils are primarily assembled in structures tentatively identified as vacuole-like structures, then they are bundled by a tapering region within the vacuole-like structures. These bundles of microfibrils are deposited in a continuously circular arrangement. The microtubules are oriented parallel to the bundles of microfibrils at the tapering vacuole-like structure, and they may be involved in the tapering of these structures (perhaps controlling the shape). This study also provides the first account for the involvement of a vacuole-like structure in the synthesis of cellulose microfibrils among living organisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01276931
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New cellulose synthesizing complexes (terminal complexes) involved in animal cellulose biosynthesis in the tunicateMetandrocarpa uedai (1996)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 194 (1996), S. 151-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cellulose microfibril ; Freeze-fracture ; Terminal complex ; Tunic ; Tunicate ; Ascidian
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cellulose synthesizing enzyme complexes (terminal complexes, TCs) have been found in the plasma membrane of epidermal cells in the tunicateMetandrocarpa uedai by using freeze-fracture replication techniques for electron microscopy. Assembly of cellulose microfibrils by TCs is a universal phenomenon in the biological kingdoms. The TCs are locally distributed in the plasma membrane of the epidermal cells facing the tunic, and no TCs are observed on the lateral membranes bordered by tight junctions. The TCs consist of two types of membrane subunits: large particles (14.5 nm in diameter) on the periphery and small subunit particles (7.2 nm) filling the center; the latter are hypothesized to be involved in cellulose synthesis. The TCs are the linear type (ca. 195 nm in length and 78 nm in width). Direct connections of TCs with the termini of microfibrils were observed. Amorphous regions, which were hypothesized the nascent microfibrils, were associated with the depressions of the TCs. The distortion of microfibrils on their terminus indicates that the crystallization may occur at the margin of TCs from which the microfibrils are discharged. This report provides evidence that: (1) The outer cell membrane of epidermis is the site for the assembly of cellulose microfibrils in the tunic; (2) a new type of TC is involved in the biosynthesis of cellulose microfibrils in the tunicates; (3) disorganized glucan chains may be synthesized in the depression of TCs and crystallized outside the E-surface of the epidermal cell membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01882023
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-resolution electron microscopy on ultrathin sections of cellulose microfibrils generated by glomerulocytes inPolyzoa vesiculiphora (1998)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 203 (1998), S. 84-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Cellulose microfibril ; Cross-sectional shape ; Lattice image ; Lattice orientation ; Glomerulocyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Glomerulocyte cellulosic bundles ofPolyzoa vesiculiphora were investigated by microdiffraction and high-resolution electron microscopy. In each bundle, hundreds of cellulose microfibrils, having a rectangular cross-sectional shape, are packed regularly with their 0.6 nm lattice planes parallel to each other. Lattice images reveal that the 0.6 nm plane is parallel to the longer edge of the cross section which is similar to the lattice organization of cellulose with a squarish cross section inValonia spp. More interestingly, all the microfibrils in a bundle have the same directionality of crystallographic c-axis, which suggests that the biosynthesis of the microfibrils within particular bundle occurs unidirectionally.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01280590
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new cellulosic structure, the tunic cord in the ascidianPolyandrocarpa misakiensis (1998)
    Springer
    Protoplasma 204 (1998), S. 94-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Ascidian ; Cellulose microfibril ; Hemocoel ; Polyandrocarpa misakiensis ; Tunic cord
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A specialized structure of tunic cord inPolyandrocarpa misakiensis is investigated by electron microscopy. The tunic cord is a cord-like coiled structure of 5–30 μm in diameter and 0.1–9.0 mm in length. The tunic cords originate and elongate from the dorsal tunic, and their termini have a swollen and ornamented structure. Scanning and transmission electron micrographs and the electron diffractogram show that the tunic cords are composed of bundled microfibrils of cellulose I with high crystallinity. The tunic cord is completely surrounded by single-layered epidermal cells, which have been found as the site of cellulose biosynthesis. A number of tunic cords are connected to the internal tunic of the siphon by forming “eyelet” structures at their termini. These observations suggest that the tunic cords act as a connector between dorsal and internal tunic of the siphon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01282297
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of rice cultivar on methane emission from paddy fields (1995)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 176 (1995), S. 51-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: biomass ; irrigation ; methane emission ; paddy field ; rice cultivar
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Influence of rice cultivars on CH4 emissions from a paddy field was studied using four Japonica types, two Indica types, and two Japonica/Indica F1 hybrids. In addition, the suppression of CH4 emission by interrupting irrigation at the flowering stage was investigated. Patterns of seasonal variation in CH4 emission rates were similar among the eight cultivars. Two of the Japonica types showed the maximum and minimum CH4 emissions among the cultivars investigated. Neither the number of tillers, shoot length, shoot weight, and root weight correlated with the CH4 emission rates at the tillering and reproductive growth stages. Following temporary interruption of irrigation at the flowering stage, CH4 emission rates decreased drastically and remained at very low levels until the harvesting stage, indicating its great effectiveness for the suppression of CH4 emission from rice paddies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00017674
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of the increase in CH4 emission from paddy soils by rice straw application (1995)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 173 (1995), S. 225-231 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: effective temperature ; estimation ; methane emission ; paddy soil ; rice straw
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between the amount of CH4 emission to the atmosphere from submerged paddy soils with rice plants and the application level (0–8 g kg-1) of rice straw (RS) in soil was investigated in a pot experiment. Amounts of CH4 emitted from pots with respective RS levels differed between a clayey yellow soil and a silty gray lowland soil. However, the increase in cumulative amounts of CH4 emission with the increase in the application level of RS was similar in pattern between the two soils, and the increase (Y) was formulated with a logistic curve: x, application level of RS; k, a coefficient for relative CH4 emission. Since the seasonal variations in coefficients a, b, and c in the logistic equation were also formulated as the function of the sum of effective temperature (E, Σ(T−15); T, daily average temperature), the increase in cumulative amounts of CH4 emission from any paddy soil by any level of RS application was known to be estimated by the following equation:
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00011459
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Three-year measurement of methane emission from an Indonesian paddy field (1996)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 181 (1996), S. 287-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: dry season ; Indonesian paddy field ; methane emission ; rice straw ; wet season ; yield
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Yearly and seasonal (rainy and dry seasons) variations of CH4 emission from a Sumatra paddy field were measured for 3 years. The mean CH4 emission rates during the growth period were in the range of 16.0–26.1 mg CH4 m-2 h-1 for the chemical fertilizer plots and 23.3–34.9 mg CH4 m-2 h-1 for the plots with rice straw application, respectively. The increase in the amounts of CH4 emission by rice straw application were from 1.3 to 1.6 times. There was no significant difference in the mean CH4 emission rates between rainy and dry seasons. Total amounts of CH4 emitted during the period of rice growth were in the ranges of 29.5–48.2 and 43.0–64.6 g CH4 m-2 for the plots applied with chemical fertilizer and those with rice straw application, respectively. Nearly the same amounts of CH4 were emitted in the first and second half of the growth period, irrespective of rice straw application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00012063
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