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  • Springer  (308)
  • Oxford University Press  (75)
  • 1995-1999  (360)
  • 1960-1964  (7)
  • 1935-1939  (13)
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Queueing systems 19 (1995), S. 377-397 
    ISSN: 1572-9443
    Keywords: GI/G/s queues ; diffusion model ; conditional departure process ; renewal-process approximations ; consistent discretization
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This paper develops a diffusion-approximation model for a stableGI/G/s queue: The queue-length process in theGI/G/s queue is approximated by a diffusion process on the nonnegative real line. Some heuristics on the state space and the infinitesimal parameters of the approximating diffusion process are introduced to obtain an approximation formula for the steady-state queue-length distribution. It is shown that the formula is consistent with the exact results for theM/M/s andM/G/∞ queues. The accuracy of the approximations for principal congestion measures are numerically examined for some particular cases.
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1572-882X
    Keywords: cellulose alkyl esters ; poly(∈-caprolactone) ; blends ; miscibility ; DSC
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Cellulose alkyl esters, CELL- OCOCnH2n+1(n = 1 ∼ 6), were synthesized by a homogeneous reaction of cotton cellulose with different acyl chlorides in N,N-dimethylacetamide--lithium chloride solution. The miscibility of the esterified celluloses with poly(∈-caprolactone) (PCL) was investigated, mainly through thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A polymer pair, cellulose butyrate (CB)/PCL, showed the highest miscibility of all the binary blends examined here; this is usual when relatively high-substituted esters (DS ≥ 2.0) are used as the respective component. The butyl ester derivatives with DS ≤ 1.5 showed poor miscibility with PCL
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 264 (1998), S. 213-218 
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We deduce the mass distribution and total mass density of interstellar dust streaming into the solar system and compare the results to the conditions of the very local interstellar medium (VLISM). The mass distribution derived from in situ measurements shows a gentler slope and includes larger grains, compared to a model distribution proposed for the wavelength dependence of the interstellar extinction. The mass density of grains in the solar system is consistent with that expected from measurements of the visible interstellar extinction and the abundance constraints of elements in the diffuse interstellar medium (ISM), instead of those in the VLISM. This may imply that interstellar dust grains are not associated with the VLISM and that the conditions of the grains are better represented by the ones expected in the diffuse ISM. If this is the case, then the flatter slope in the mass distribution and the detection of larger interstellar grains in the solar system may even indicate that coagulation growth of dust in the diffuse ISM is more effective than previously inferred.
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Numerische Mathematik 73 (1996), S. 209-233 
    ISSN: 0945-3245
    Keywords: Mathematics Subject Classification (1991): 65R20, 65N38, 65N35, 65R30, 65N12
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary. We apply the boundary element methods (BEM) to the interior Dirichlet problem of the two dimensional Laplace equation, and its discretization is carried out with the collocation method using piecewise linear elements. In this paper, some precise asymptotic estimations for the discretization matrix $L_n$ (where $n$ denotes the division number) are investigated. We show that the maximum norm of $L^{-1}_n$ and the condition number of $L_n$ have the forms: $C_0 n + O (1)$ and $C_1 n +o (n)$ , respectively, as $n \to \infty$ , where the constants $C_0$ and $C_1$ are explicitly given in the proof. Although these estimates indicate illconditionedness of this numerical computation, the $O(n^{-2})$ -convergence of this scheme with maximum norm is proved as an application of the main results.
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mineralogy and petrology 61 (1997), S. 181-198 
    ISSN: 1438-1168
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Fe- und Mn-Verteilung in Mineralen der Pumpellyit-Gruppe (W 8 X 4 Y 8 Z 12O56-n (OH)n) wurde mittels Mössbauer-Spektroskopie studiert. Die untersuchten Fe-Pumpellyite der Pumpellyit-Julgoldit-Serie stammen von zwei verschiedenen japanischen Lokalitäten: von Metabasiten des Tokoro-Gürtels, Hokkaido, und von Gabbro-Sills der Shimane Halbinsel. Okhotskit, ein Mn3+-dominiertes Mineral der Pumpellyit-Gruppe, wurde aus Erzen einer Mn-führenden Eisenerzlagerstätte des Tokoro-Gürtels separiert. Das57Fe Mössbauer-Spektrum der Tokoro Fe-Pumpellyite zeigt zwei Fe2+- und zwei Fe3+-Doubletten. Auf Grund bisher publizierter verfeinerter Einkristall-Strukturuntersuchungen von Al-Pumpellyiten werden diese Doubletten folgendermaßen zugeordnet: Fe W 2+ (IS = 1.01 undQS = 2.73 mm/s), Fe X 2+ (IS = 0.97 undQS = 3.18 mm/s), Fe X 3+ (IS = 0.29 undQS =1.37 mm/s) und Fe Y 3+ (IS = 0.36 undQS = 2.09 mm/s).IS bezeichnet dabei die Isomer-Shift relativ zu einem metallischen Eisenabsorbenten,QS das Quadrupole-Splitting. Diese Zuordnungen belegen den bevorzugten Einbau von Fe3+ in die X-Position. Das Mössbauer-Spektrum von Okhotskit zeigt zwei Doubletten bei Fe X 3+ (IS = 0.37 undQS = 1.13 mm/s) und Fe Y 3+ (IS = 0.42 undQS = 2.18 mm/s). Das Flächenverhältnis zeigt, daß das Verhältnis Fe X 3+ :Fe Y 3+ 94:6 ist. Auf Grund der chemischen und der Mössbauer-Analysen wird das Mn X 3+ :Mn Y 3+ Verhältnis mit 19:81 angegeben. Mn3+ zeigt somit eine stärkere Präferenz für die Y-Position als Fe3+, ein Resultat, das mit der Jahn-Teller-Theorie konsistent ist. Der bevorzugte Einbau in die Y-Position ist, in dieser Reihenfolge, Al〉Mn3+〉Fe3+.
    Notes: Summary Fe and Mn distribution in the pumpellyite group minerals (W 8 X 4 Y 8 Z 12056-n (OH) n ) has been studied by using57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy. The studied Fe-pumpellyites, belonging to the pumpellyite-julgoldite series, were collected from two localities; metabasites in the Tokoro belt, Hokkaido, and gabbroic sills in the Shimane Peninsula, Japan. Okhotskite, an Mn3+-dominant pumpellyite group mineral, was separated from the ores of metamorphosed manganiferous iron ore deposits in the Tokoro belt.57Fe Mössbauer spectrum of Tokoro Fe-pumpellyite is composed of two Fe2+- and two Fe3+-doublets. On the basis of the single crystal structure refinements of Al-pumpellyites published so far, doublets were assigned to Fe W 2+ (IS= 1.01 andQS = 2.73 mm/s), Fe X 2+ (IS = 0.97 andQS = 3.18 mm/s), Fe X 3+ (IS = 0.29 andQS =1.37 mm/s) and Fe Y 3+ (IS = 0.36 andQS = 2.09 mm/s), whereIS is isomer shift relative to a metallic iron absorber andQS is quadrupole splitting. The Mössbauer spectrum of the Mitsu Fepumpellyite is composed of three doublets assigned to Fe X 2+ (IS= 1.14 andQS = 3.20 mm/s), Fe X 3+ (IS = 0.36 andQS =1.13 mm/s) and Fe Y 3+ (IS = 0.37 andQS= 1.93 mm/s). These assignments show strong preference of Fe3+ in the X-site. The Mössbauer spectrum of the okhotskite is composed of two doublets by Fe X 3+ (IS= 0.37 andQS = 1.13 mm/s) and Fe Y 3+ (IS = 0.42 andQS = 2.18 mm/s). The area ratio shows that Fe X 3+ :Fe Y 3+ ratio is 94:6. On the basis of chemical and Mössbauer analyses, Mn X 3+ :Mn Y 3+ ratio is given as 19:81, indicating stronger Y-site preference of Mn3+ than Fe3+, what is consistent with Jahn-Teller theory. Al, Mn3+ and Fe3+ prefer the Y-site in this order.
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  • 16
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 78.20.Hp; 42.30.Va; 65.90.+i
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The noncontact imaging of the buried structures is carried out in the open-air atmosphere by using the photothermal deflection (PTD) method. We applied these techniques to the layered samples. Besides the PTD images for the optically opaque buried structures, the parameters of the materials such as thermal diffusivity can also be calculated from the PTD amplitude and phase signal in the PTD scanning images. When the PTD signals at two different modulation frequencies are used, the thermal diffusivity of the buried structure can be obtained from the PTD signal outside of the sample nondestructively.
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 37 (1999), S. 135-142 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The time courses of fecal excretion and tissue distribution of metabolites derived from 2,2′,4,5,5′-pentachlorobiphenyl (CB101) and 2,2′,3,4′,5′,6-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB149) were investigated in male Wistar rats. The metabolism of both congeners involved primarily hydroxylation at the 3-position, and methylthiolation at the 4-position. Metabolites distributed in tissue were dominated by different ratios of 3- and 4-methylsulfonyl (MeSO2) metabolites. The 3-/4-MeSO2 metabolite ratios in liver and adipose tissue for both congeners were 0.41–0.61 at day 4, and then increased to 0.85–1.00 for up to day 42. In contrast, the ratios in lung were 0.03–0.04, and then decreased to 0.01. Compared to the unchanged PCBs at day 42, the distribution ratios of 3-MeSO2 metabolites were greater in the order of liver (0.46 for CB101 and 0.21 for CB149) 〉 kidney 〉 blood 〉 lung 〉 adipose tissue, whereas those of 4-MeSO2 metabolites were in the order of lung (9.50 for CB101 and 4.00 for CB149) 〉 kidney 〉 blood 〉 liver 〉 adipose tissue, indicating the different binding affinity of 3-MeSO2 metabolites in liver from that of 4-MeSO2 metabolites in lungs of rats. Furthermore, the structure-tissue affinity relationship for 3-MeSO2 metabolites was investigated, following the administration of 11 3-MeSO2-PCB congeners to rats. The results indicated that the retention potential of 3-MeSO2 metabolites in the liver largely depends on the ortho-chlorine substitution in the biphenyl ring rather than the degree of chlorination.
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 25 (1997), S. 302-306 
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Anaerobic reoxidation ; Denitrification ; Iron reduction ; Methane ; Successive reduction ; Sulfur oxidation ; Wetland soil
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Anaerobic reoxidation of reduced products in paddy soils was investigated. Ferrous iron (Fe2+) and monosulfide ion (S2–) added to the soil chemically reduced MnO2 to Mn2+, and MnO2 and Fe(OH)3 to Mn2+ and Fe2+, respectively, where Fe2+ and S2– were considered to be oxidized to Fe3+ and S0. Elemental sulfur was oxidized to sulfate by anaerobic incubation with NO3 – MnO2 and Fe(OH)3. A new conceptual model for the reduction processes in submerged paddy soil including the reoxidation processes of reduced products, in which soil heterogeneity in paddy fields was taken into consideration, was proposed based on the results.
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 171 (1995), S. 1-25 
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We construct a real compactification of the moduli space of punctured rational algebraic curves and show how its geometry yields operads governing homotopy Lie algebras, gravity algebras and Batalin-Vilkovisky algebras. These algebras appeared recently in the context of string theory, and we give a simple deduction of these algebraic structures from the formal axioms of conformal field theory and string theory.
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Communications in mathematical physics 185 (1997), S. 93-127 
    ISSN: 1432-0916
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract: We compute the universal weight system for Vassiliev coming from the Lie superalgebra $ applying the construction of [13]. This weight system is a function from the space of chord diagrams to the center Z of the universal enveloping algebra of $ , and we find a combinatorial expression for it in terms of the standard generators of Z. The resulting knot invariants generalize the Alexander-Conway polynomial.
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