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  • 1995-1999  (3,777)
  • 1960-1964  (101)
  • 1945-1949  (9)
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of carbon source and pH of the growth medium on spore germination in Phycomyces blakesleeanus (1995)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 164 (1995), S. 231-234 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Key words Spore activation ; Phycomyces ; Carbon source ; pH
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Phycomyces blakesleeanus sporangiospores responded differently to activation by physical and chemical stimuli. Spores that were physically (heat shock) activated or chemically (ammonium acetate) activated germinated and grew at pH 4.5 with the hexoses glucose, fructose, galactose, and N-acetylglucosamine, and with glycerol and amino acids. Under these conditions, physically activated spores showed a lower, although significant growth with the hexoses fructose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine and with glycerol. On the other hand, physically activated spores incubated at alkaline pH (pH 7.3) required glucose to germinate; a requirement not observed with chemically activated spores, which showed significant growth in the other hexoses tested. Both physically and chemically activated spores incubated at pH 7.3 were unable to germinate and grow with amino acids and glycerol. These results suggest that there are different targets for activation of the spores by physical and chemical treatments. The levels of the fermentative enzymes alcohol dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase and of the oxidative enzyme NAD+-isocitrate dehydrogenase were higher in cells grown at pH 4.5 in medium containing glucose; however, alcohol dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase appear not to be affected by a change in the pH of the growth medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002030050259
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  • 22
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cubic CdS thin films studied by spectroscopic ellipsometry (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 8 (1997), S. 399-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract CdS polycrystalline films were grown onto glass substrates by chemical bath deposition (CBD) and characterized by spectroellipsometry, X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples showed the presence of a CdS cubic phase (β-CdS) and of Cd2SiO4 as interfacial material. Using electron diffraction it was possible to index the films as cubic CdS. From effective dielectric function measurements and from reported optical data for the dielectric function of cubic CdS crystals, grown by vapour phase epitaxy, it was possible to fit the experimental data to an effective medium approximation, and to deduce the film thickness, the void fraction and the field screening.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018555826924
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  • 23
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of AFLPs to the characterization of grapevine Vitis vinifera L. genetic resources. A case study with accessions from Rioja (Spain) (1998)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 97 (1998), S. 51-59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Key words Vitis vinifera ; AFLPs ; Cultivar identification ; Clone identification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  AFLPs were used to characterize 67 different grapevine accessions from a collection of D.O.Ca. Rioja in Spain. A correct selection of primers and selective nucleotides allowed us to maximize the number of amplified fragments analyzed per reaction yielding an average of 100 per reaction, 49% of which were polymorphic. Based on the presence or absence of amplified fragments for each genotype resulting from a reaction with two primer combinations, we have established the genetic similarity between the different accessions in the collection. These results allowed us to resolve different genotypes maintained under the same name (homonyms) and to identify the same genotype under different names (synonyms) thus permitting the elimination of redundant germplasm. Furthermore, by providing information on more than 50 polymorphic loci per reaction, a few reactions were sufficient to identify distinct AFLP patterns characteristic of specific clones, with different agronomic and organoleptic features, belonging to the same cultivar. The possibility for clonal identification, shown here for grapevines, can have important implications in the protection and management of clonal selections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001220050866
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  • 24
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    What makes Grande1 retrotransposon different? (1997)
    Springer
    Genetica 100 (1997), S. 15-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6857
    Keywords: antisense RNA ; methylation ; ORF codon usage ; tandem ; Zea genus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Grande1 elements constitute a family of Ty3 retrotransposons present in the Zea genus in more than 1000 copies in Zea diploperennis and maize. The sequences of three Grande1 flanking regions, two from Z. diploperennis and one from maize, reveal transposable elements as insertion targets, suggesting a preferential integration of Grande1 elements into other transposable elements. These retrotransposons are remarkable for their large size of around 14 kb, which is a consequence of a very large 3′ region of more than 7 kb. Atypical entities within this region are two arrays of unrelated tandem repeats with potential stable stem-loop structures. A large portion of the same region is occupied by ORFs, although only ORF23, whose function is unknown, is presumably transcribed in antisense orientation to the reverse transcriptase ORF. Only ORF23 has a codon usage similar to the one tabulated for highly-expressed maize genes. Correspondingly, the transcript of 900 b that hybridizes with ORF23 probes is found in all the maize tissues explored. This is despite the high level of methylation in the DNA of Grande1. Genomic RNA has not been detected in any tissue or situation studied, probably reflecting a non-functional retrotransposon. The origin of ORF23 and the remainder 3′ region might be due to a transduction event.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018332218319
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  • 25
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Persistence of desertified ecosystems: Explanations and implications (1995)
    Springer
    Environmental monitoring and assessment 37 (1995), S. 319-332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2959
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Studies of rainfall partitioning by shrubs, responses of shrub-dominated ecosystems to herbicide treatment, and experiments using drought and supplemental rainfall were conducted to test the hypothesis that the shrub-dominated ecosystems that have replaced desert grasslands are resistant and resilient to disturbance. Between 16 and 25% of the intercepted rainfall is channelized to deep soil storage by stemflow and root channelization. Stemflow water is nutrient enriched and contributes to the “islands of fertility” that develop under desert shrubs. Drought and rainfall augmentation experiments during the growing season after 5 consecutive years of summer drought found that (1) growth of creosotebushes, Larrea tridentata, was not significantly affected, (2) perennial grasses and forbs disappeared on droughted plots, (3) nitrogen mineralization increased in the short term, and (4) densities and biomass of spring annual plants increased on the droughted plots. Doubling summer rainfall for 5 consecutive years had less-significant effects. Coppice dunes treated with herbicide in 1979 to kill mesquite (Prosopis glandulosa) had the same frequency of occurrence of the shrub as the untreated dunes when remeasured in 1993. These data indicate that the shrub-dominated ecosystems persist because they are resistant and resilient to climatic and anthropogenic stresses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00546898
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  • 26
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leishmania infantum Nicolle, 1908 from southern Spain: Characterisation of the strains from human visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis and from sandflies; with a numerical analysis of the isoenzymatic data (1996)
    Springer
    Systematic parasitology 33 (1996), S. 177-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5192
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study presents the results of the characterisation of 17 strains ofLeishmania by isoenzyme electrophoresis from a focus of leishmaniasis in southern Spain: two from human visceral leishmaniasis, four from human cutaneous leishmaniasis and 11 from sandflies. The 17 strains are grouped in 6 zymodemes characterised by their variability as regards to the electrophoretic mobility of the enzymes MDH, G6PD, NP and ME. Thus, we confirm the high intraspecific variability ofLeishmania (L.) infantum in a focus of southern Spain, as already suggested by previous studies. Zymodemes GR-15 and GR-17 are also described for the first time in Spain, and they characteristically possess the same relative electrophoretic mobility in the enzyme ME (93). Sixteen zymodemes of theL. infantum complex found in southern Spain were numerically analysed on the basis of the enzymatic profiles of 122Leishmania strains characterised from this area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01531198
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  • 27
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction and Characterization of Laccase in the Ligninolytic Fungus Pleurotus eryngii (1997)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 34 (1997), S. 1 -5 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Two protein bands with laccase activity were found after PAGE of culture liquid or mycelium extract of Pleurotus eryngii, grown on glucose–ammonium tartrate–yeast extract medium with and without inducers. A major and a minor laccase band were observed in the basal medium. The intensity of the major band (laccase I) did not change after the addition of inducers. However, the minor band (laccase II), characterized by higher electrophoretic mobility, was strongly induced by wheat–straw alkalilignin and vanillic and veratric acids. Laccase activity in the basal medium had an optimum pH of 4.5 and was stable from pH 3 to 10 during 24 h at room temperature. This enzyme had wide substrate specificity on hydroquinones, methoxy-substituted monophenols, and aromatic amines. In general, laccase activity was found only with compounds having a redox potential lower than 0.5 mV. The highest activity was obtained with methoxy- and methyl-substituted p-hydroquinones and aromatic diamines. Some activity also occurred with the aliphatic compound 3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002849900134
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  • 28
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human amebic liver abscess: expression of intercellular adhesion molecules 1 and 2 and of von Willebrand factor in endothelial cells (1997)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 83 (1997), S. 510-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Liver invasion by amebas with production of amebic liver abscess (ALA) is the most common extraintestinal lesion produced by the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica. This hepatic damage is characterized by the presence of extensive tissue necrosis. However, little is known about the parasite and host factors involved in the process of tissue damage. During the early establishment of amebas in the liver parenchyma as well as during the extension of the tissue necrosis, parasites interact with sinusoidal endothelial cells. As a consequence of ameba-endothelial cell interactions, the latter can be activated and express proinflammatory factors that could be related to tissue destruction. We studied by immunohistochemistry the localization of antigenic molecules of E. histolytica trophozoites and of molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), ICAM-2, and von willebrand factor in activated endothelial cells of human ALA, which could be related to the pathophysiological mechanisms of tissue destruction in amebiasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004360050289
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  • 29
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Humoral and cellular immune responses to experimental Fasciola hepatica infections in goats (1997)
    Springer
    Parasitology research 83 (1997), S. 680-686 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1955
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Humoral and cellular immune responses to Fasciola hepatica excretory-secretory products (ESPs) in primary and secondary experimental infections in goats were studied. Primary infection induced the development of chronic subclinical fascioliasis that did not affect the establishment of flukes coming from the secondary infection, as the same percentages of recovered flukes were found in both groups. The specific IgG response to F. hepatica ESPs was similar in primary and secondary infections; challenge flukes did not induce any modification in the IgG response. The specific lymphocyte response to F. hepatica ESPs was absent in most of the infected goats, both primarily and secondarily infected. A modulation of the nonspecific cellular responses to mitogens was also observed. All infected goats showed a reduced proliferative response to concanavalin A and phytohemagglutinin. According to our results, humoral and cellular responses to F. hepatica ESPs in goats have no protective effect on the establishment of flukes and the development of disease in either primary or secondary infections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004360050319
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  • 30
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of 2,4-D in aqueous solution by neutron activation analysis (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 241 (1999), S. 323-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A method based on neutron activation analysis was developed for the determination of fractions of milligrams of 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) in aqueous solution in laboratory tests. The indirect determination of 2,4-D was based on the quantification of chlorine,38Cl, produced by neutron activation. The range of application was 0.01–100 mg l−1. No loss of38Cl by chemical effects of the nuclear reaction was found. The advantages of the proposed method include high precision and sensitivity of determination. Results were compared with those obtained by UV-Vis spectrophotometry, where concentrations less than 1 mg·l−1 were not detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02347468
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