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  • Solar Physics  (18)
  • Chemical Engineering  (6)
  • 1995-1999  (19)
  • 1965-1969  (5)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiative transfer in photocatalytic systems (1996)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 42 (1996), S. 532-537 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Radiation absorption at the surface of catalytic particles is the initial step of photocatalytic oxidation reactions currently considered for their potential effectiveness in the treatment of polluted water with traces of highly toxic organics. Owing to the presence of catalyst particles within the fluid phase, the radiation field within a photocatalytic reactor results from the absorption and scattering within the participating medium. An annular reactor with a coaxial central lamp was considered, and the resulting 2-D radiation field was analyzed using a Monte Carlo technique to solve the radiative transfer equation. Results are discussed based on the relevant optical parameters, and a heuristic is derived for the design and rating of a photocatalytic reactor. To exploit the reaction volume effectively, the order of magnitude of the optical thickness should be close to unity, and for a given value of the absorption coefficient the catalyst with the lowest albedo should be selected; however, a precise evaluation of the phase function is not crucial to a relable representation of the radiation field.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690420222
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water-oil displacements from porous media utilizing transient adhesion-tension alterations (1965)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 11 (1965), S. 617-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Previous laboratory studies have demonstrated that the injection of small quantities of reverse-wetting agents during water displacement can increase oil recovery from unconsolidated porous media. Hexylamine is a suitable reverse-wetting agent. It has been found that the effectiveness of this treatment increases with the quantity of amine injected (slug volume and/or amine concentration in the slug), and that treatments sufficient to stimulate oil production at high water flow rates did not do so at low flow rates. It has been established that the stimulation of oil production by this technique is accomplished by transient adhesion-tension alterations, resulting in the spontaneous accumulation of oil into large continuous masses which are subsequently mobilized.The present investigation has attempted to investigate the effect of other variables thought to be important in this system in order to clarify the mechanism by which increased oil recovery is effected. Specifically, the mechanism by which large oil masses are formed and propagated was studied.Displacement studies conducted in a glass-grid micromodel, under cinemicrographic observation, revealed that large oil masses form as a consequence of restoration of water wettability (amine desorption) but only if the local oil saturation exceeds the irreducible minimum value (under water-wet conditions). Mobilization of these oil masses was observed under the influence of a favorable wettability gradient.Displacement studies were also performed in unconsolidated silica sand beds, under conditions of varying oil-water viscosity ratio, hydraulic permeability, flow rate, and time at which the amine was injected. In the range of the variables investigated, the additional oil recovered (by treatment) increased as the viscosity ratio increased oil recovery. Water-oil displacement efficiencies enhanced by amine treatment were found to correlate satisfactorily with a parameter representing the ratio of the hydraulic forces to the capillary forces within the medium.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690110412
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct contact heat transfer between immiscible liquids in turbulent pipe flow (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 151-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper reports on an experimental study of the direct contact heat transfer between oil and water in turbulent pipe flow under nonboiling conditions. Data were taken by a new technique, namely, monitoring on a very fast response recorder the output of a small thermocouple placed in the two-phase flow. The variables studied were the liquid velocity, the pipe diameter, the water volume fraction, and, to a lesser degree, the interfacial tension and the oil viscosity. A successful semiempirical method of correlating the data is also presented.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140126
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The evaporation of carbon tetrachloride in a wetted-wall column (1965)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 11 (1965), S. 1139-1142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690110633
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Promotion of drop-by-drop condensation of steam from seawater on a vertical copper tube (1968)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 14 (1968), S. 245-250 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A limited number of tests were made of promoters, their method of application, corrosion resistance, etc.The best promoter found to date is tetrakis octadecyl thio silane (C18H37S)4Si which differs only in parafinic chain length from (C12H25S)4Si which was found to be one of the best promoters for drop-by-drop condensation by Blackman and Dewar (1, 2), Hampson (2, 3), and Osment (4, 5). These compounds are nontoxic.The C18 compound appears to be superior to the C12 compound in that it is less volatile, lower melting (∼34°C), and appears to impart superior oxidation resistance to copper when adsorbed on clean oxide-free metal.Copper tubes can be rapidly cleaned in place by sulfur dioxide or hydrochloric acid in steam, or, if previously promoted by a thio silane, by treatment first with chlorine gas in steam.The thio silanes may be rapidly applied as a 1% solution in octanoic acid injected into the sea-water feed. The acid acts as cleaner and poor promoter, allowing the good promoter molecules to contact the metal tube.The amounts of the best promoters required are in the parts per billion range.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690140209
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A rheological interpretation of torque-rheometer data (1967)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 7 (1967), S. 45-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760070112
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  • 7
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    An Assessment of Magnetic Conditions for Strong Coronal Heating in Solar Active Regions by Comparing Observed Loops with Computed Potential Field Lines (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-23
    Description: We report further results on the magnetic origins of coronal heating found from registering coronal images with photospheric vector magnetograms. For two complementary active regions, we use computed potential field lines to examine the global non-potentiality of bright extended coronal loops and the three-dimensional structure of the magnetic field at their feet, and assess the role of these magnetic conditions in the strong coronal heating in these loops. The two active regions are complementary, in that one is globally potential and the other is globally nonpotential, while each is predominantly bipolar, and each has an island of included polarity in its trailing polarity domain. We find the following: (1) The brightest main-arch loops of the globally potential active region are brighter than the brightest main- arch loops of the globally strongly nonpotential active region. (2) In each active region, only a few of the mainarch magnetic loops are strongly heated, and these are all rooted near the island. (3) The end of each main-arch bright loop apparently bifurcates above the island, so that it embraces the island and the magnetic null above the island. (4) At any one time, there are other main-arch magnetic loops that embrace the island in the same manner as do the bright loops but that are not selected for strong coronal heating. (5) There is continual microflaring in sheared core fields around the island, but the main-arch bright loops show little response to these microflares. From these observational and modeling results we draw the following conclusions: (1) The heating of the main-arch bright loops arises mainly from conditions at the island end of these loops and not from their global non-potentiality. (2) There is, at most, only a loose coupling between the coronal heating in the bright loops of the main arch and the coronal heating in the sheared core fields at their feet, although in both the heating is driven by conditions/events in and around the island. (3) The main-arch bright loops are likely to be heated via reconnection driven at the magnetic null over the island. The details of how and where (along the null line) the reconnection is driven determine which of the split-end loops are selected for strong heating. (4) The null does not appear to be directly involved in the heating of the sheared core fields or in the heating of an extended loop rooted in the island. Rather, these all appear to be heated by microflares in the sheared core field.
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; Volume 528; 1004-1014
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Network Coronal Bright Points: Coronal Heating Concentrations Found in the Solar Magnetic Network (1998)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-23
    Description: We examine the magnetic origins of coronal heating in quiet regions by combining SOHO/EIT Fe xii coronal images and Kitt Peak magnetograms. Spatial filtering of the coronal images shows a network of enhanced structures on the scale of the magnetic network in quiet regions. Superposition of the filtered coronal images on maps of the magnetic network extracted from the magnetograms shows that the coronal network does indeed trace and stem from the magnetic network. Network coronal bright points, the brightest features in the network lanes, are found to have a highly significant coincidence with polarity dividing lines (neutral lines) in the network and are often at the feet of enhanced coronal structures that stem from the network and reach out over the cell interiors. These results indicate that, similar to the close linkage of neutral-line core fields with coronal heating in active regions (shown in previous work), low-lying core fields encasing neutral lines in the magnetic network often drive noticeable coronal heating both within themselves (the network coronal bright points) and on more extended field lines rooted around them. This behavior favors the possibility that active core fields in the network are the main drivers of the heating of the bulk of the quiet corona, on scales much larger than the network lanes and cells.
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: Astrophysical Journal; Volume 501; 386-396
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Microflaring in Low-Lying Core Fields and Extended Coronal Heating in the Quiet Sun (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: We have previously reported analyses of Yohkoh SXT data examining the relationship between the heating of extended coronal loops (both within and stemming from active regions) and microflaring in core fields lying along neutral lines near their footpoints (J. G. Porter, D. A. Falconer, and R. L. Moore 1998, in Solar Jets and Coronal Plumes, ed. T. Guyenne, ESA SP-421, and references therein). We found a surprisingly poor correlation of intensity variations in the extended loops with individual microflares in the compact heated areas at their feet, despite considerable circumstancial evidence linking the heating processes in these regions. Now, a study of Fe XII image sequences from SOHO EIT show that similar associations of core field structures with the footpoints of very extended coronal features can be found in the quiet Sun. The morphology is consistent with the finding of Wang et al. (1997, ApJ 484, L75) that polar plumes are rooted at sites of mixed polarity in the magnetic network. We find that the upstairs/downstairs intensity variations often follow the trend, identified in the active region observations, of a weak correspondence. Apparently much of the coronal heating in the extended loops is driven by a type of core field magnetic activity that is "cooler" than the events having the coronal signature of microflares, i.e., activity that results in little heating within the core fields themselves. This work was funded by the Solar Physics Branch of NASA's Office of Space Science through the SR&T Program and the SEC Guest Investigator Program.
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: May 30, 1999 - Jun 03, 1999; Chicago, IL; United States
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Large-Scale Coronal Heating from "Cool" Activity in the Solar Magnetic Network (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: In Fe XII images from SOHO/EIT, the quiet solar corona shows structure on scales ranging from sub-supergranular (i.e., bright points and coronal network) to multi-supergranular (large-scale corona). In Falconer et al 1998 (Ap.J., 501, 386) we suppressed the large-scale background and found that the network-scale features are predominantly rooted in the magnetic network lanes at the boundaries of the supergranules. Taken together, the coronal network emission and bright point emission are only about 5% of the entire quiet solar coronal Fe XII emission. Here we investigate the relationship between the large-scale corona and the network as seen in three different EIT filters (He II, Fe IX-X, and Fe XII). Using the median-brightness contour, we divide the large-scale Fe XII corona into dim and bright halves, and find that the bright-half/dim half brightness ratio is about 1.5. We also find that the bright half relative to the dim half has 10 times greater total bright point Fe XII emission, 3 times greater Fe XII network emission, 2 times greater Fe IX-X network emission, 1.3 times greater He II network emission, and has 1.5 times more magnetic flux. Also, the cooler network (He II) radiates an order of magnitude more energy than the hotter coronal network (Fe IX-X, and Fe XII). From these results we infer that: 1) The heating of the network and the heating of the large-scale corona each increase roughly linearly with the underlying magnetic flux. 2) The production of network coronal bright points and heating of the coronal network each increase nonlinearly with the magnetic flux. 3) The heating of the large-scale corona is driven by widespread cooler network activity rather than by the exceptional network activity that produces the network coronal bright points and the coronal network. 4) The large-scale corona is heated by a nonthermal process since the driver of its heating is cooler than it is. This work was funded by the Solar Physics Branch of NASA's office of Space Science through the SR&T Program and the SEC Guest Investigator Program.
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: Dec 13, 1999; San Francisco, CA; United States
    Format: text
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