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  • Articles  (650)
  • Springer  (365)
  • Wiley  (234)
  • American Physical Society  (51)
  • 1995-1999  (590)
  • 1965-1969  (60)
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  • Articles  (650)
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Year
Journal
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of inorganic and organometallic polymers and materials 7 (1997), S. 137-150 
    ISSN: 1572-8870
    Keywords: Polysilylenes ; ring-opening polymerization ; cyclotetrasilanes ; palladium complexes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Room-temperature ring-opening polymerization of the strained monomer 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-tetraphenylcyclotetrasilane mediated by palladium complexes was attempted. Examination of the reaction products between the cyclotetrasilane and the metal complex at high concentrations indicated that insertion of one cyclotetrasilane molecule between the ligand–palladium bond was followed by reductive elimination of the tetrasilane. Among the palladium complexes examined were (η3-allyl)PdCp [Cp=η5-cyclopentadienyl], [(η3-allyl) PdCl]2, (η3-allyl)PdCl(PPh3), (η3-allyl)PdCl(PPh3)2, (η3-allyl)Pd(PPh3)3 and PdCl2(PPh3)2. Reaction of 1,1,2,3,4-pentamethyl-2,3,4-triphenylcyclotetrasilane with (η3-allyl)PdCp provides similar products.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    ISSN: 1572-8757
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Adsorption isotherms of methanol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, butan-1-ol and water vapour have been determined on MCM-41, a model mesoporous adsorbent. The isotherms of the alcohols are all of Type IV, whereas the water isotherm is of Type V in the IUPAC classification. Each adsorption isotherm exhibits a sharp step, indicative of capillary condensation within a narrow distribution of mesopores. The isotherms are reversible in the monolayer-multilayer region, but distinctive hysteresis loops are associated with the condensation-evaporation cycle. The area within the loop is dependent on the adsorptive, increasing in scale from methanol to butan-1-ol and water. It is evident that the large internal surface of MCM-41 is somewhat hydrophobic and that its mesopore structure is remarkably uniform and stable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Biomedical microdevices 2 (1999), S. 9-10 
    ISSN: 1572-8781
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Constraints 2 (1997), S. 243-243 
    ISSN: 1572-9354
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of algebraic combinatorics 5 (1996), S. 315-322 
    ISSN: 1572-9192
    Keywords: Permutation group ; cycle ; Hopf algebra ; Fourier series
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A finite permutation group is cycle-closed if it contains all the cycles of all of its elements. It is shown by elementary means that the cycle-closed groups are precisely the direct products of symmetric groups and cyclic groups of prime order. Moreover, from any group, a cycle-closed group is reached in at most three steps, a step consisting of adding all cycles of all group elements. For infinite groups, there are several possible generalisations. Some analogues of the finite result are proved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Annals of operations research 65 (1996), S. 127-155 
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: AND-OR graphs ; knowledge engineering ; programming language ; intelligent decision system ; decision analysis ; operations research ; artificial intelligence.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract An intelligent decision system (IDS) uses artificial intelligence principles to deliver automated, interactive decision analysis (DA) consultations. Network methods adapted from operations research underlie two key IDS components: influence diagrams and activity graphs. Influence diagrams, which are familiar to DA researchers and practitioners, represent decision problems inevent space. Activity graphs, which are introduced in this paper, represent processes inaction space. While activity graphs can represent any process, we use them as a knowledge-engineering and programming language to represent the process knowledge of skilled decision analysts in the context of a specific class of decisions. This paper defines activity graphs as an extension of directed AND-OR graphs. Anactivity tree is a directed AND-OR tree consisting of nodes, which may contain activities (small computer programs) and connectors that establish logical relationships among nodes and define logical resolution agendas. Anactivity graph is a directed, multiply connected network of activity trees. Activity graphs may involve recursion. Development of the activity graph language is motivated by our desire to enable professional decision analysts — or other experts — with limited advanced programming experience to design and build consultation systems that combine the guidance offered by protocol systems with the flexibility and generality of transaction systems. This paper defines the activity graph language in detail. A simple example illustrates key concepts. The paper also discusses our experience using a computer system that implements activity graphs for developing commercial IDSs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 17
    ISSN: 1572-9338
    Keywords: Linear programming ; economic model ; pulp and paper ; recycling ; capacity ; demand and supply ; international trade
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Notes: Abstract The impacts of increased paper recycling on the U.S. pulp and paper sector are investigated, using the North American Pulp And Paper (NAPAP) model. This dynamic spatial equilibrium model forecasts the amount of pulp, paper and paperboard exchanged in a multi-region market, and the corresponding prices. The core of the model is a recursive price-endogenous linear programming system that simulates the behavior of a competitive industry. The model has been used to make forecasts of key variables describing the sector from 1986 to 2012, demand for paper would have the greatest impact on the amount of wood used. But the minimum recycled content policies envisaged currently would have no more effect than what will come about due to unregulated market forces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of algebraic combinatorics 5 (1996), S. 315-322 
    ISSN: 1572-9192
    Keywords: Permutation group ; cycle ; Hopf algebra ; Fourier series
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A finite permutation group is cycle-closed if it contains all the cycles of all of its elements. It is shown by elementary means that the cycle-closed groups are precisely the direct products of symmetric groups and cyclic groups of prime order. Moreover, from any group, a cycle-closed group is reached in at most three steps, a step consisting of adding all cycles of all group elements. For infinite groups, there are several possible generalisations. Some analogues of the finite result are proved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Lifetime data analysis 2 (1996), S. 51-61 
    ISSN: 1572-9249
    Keywords: interval-censored data ; censored regression ; Buckley-James estimators ; product-limit estimator
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract In this note we provide a general framework for describing interval-censored samples including estimation of the magnitude and rank positions of data that have been interval-censored so as to counteract the effect of censoring. This process of sample adjustment, or renovation, allows samples to be compared graphically, using diagrams (such as boxplots) which are based on ranks. The renovation process is based on Buckley-James regression estimators for linear regression with censored data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Transportation 23 (1996), S. 5-16 
    ISSN: 1572-9435
    Keywords: induced traffic ; suppression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Abstract Investment in new or up-graded roads both raises the level and alters the pattern of accessibility over the whole area served by the road system. Vehicle-users will perceive the opportunities that this increased accessibility offers and respond in various ways, most of which can lead to more rather than less travel on the system. To the extent that travel increases overall, it can be said to have been induced by the road-improvement. Conversely, congestion as it spreads on the network will deter some travel and can be said to have a “traffic suppression” effect. The purpose of this first paper is to spell out, as clearly as possible, what is meant by “induced” traffic and to relate its various components to the full range of behavioural responses by travellers. In doing so, it draws upon the recently published (December 1994) report by the Standing Advisory Committee on Trunk Road Assessment (SACTRA) and response by the UK Government. The paper concludes with some of the implications of induced/suppressed traffic for current methods of forecasting and evaluation of road investment, which are covered in more detail by subsequent authors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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