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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of space-charge dynamics and transport parameters in hydrogenated carbon layers by time-resolved electroluminescence measurements (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 470-476 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new way is presented for deriving space-charge dynamics and transport parameters in thin films sandwiched between two metallic electrodes. The measurement method uses the detection of electroluminescence excited by square voltage pulses. The space-charge buildup time is derived from the electroluminescence time lag when the structure is excited by a single square voltage pulse. The relaxation time of the space charge is investigated by using a double pulse excitation. Carrier mobility is determined by an optical transit-time technique. Measurements are carried out on hydrogenated amorphous carbon layers with different composition and electrical properties. The films display space-charge limited conduction which is due to the existence of trap states. Their concentration is derived from the current–voltage characteristics and the mobility measurements. The trap concentration increases with a decreasing graphite content in the films. Film properties are weakly temperature dependent in graphite-rich layers as opposed to the behavior of layers with a lower graphite concentration. In this later case, the structural features of the films change at low temperature as suggested by the evolution of the trap concentration which decreases by three orders of magnitude, going from an exponential to a uniform distribution. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362750
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wave focusing near the electron cyclotron frequency in hot plasmas (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 2 (1995), S. 876-882 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Microwave transmission spectra measured on the Tore Supra tokamak [Equipe Tore Supra, in Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Plasma Physics and Controlled Nuclear Fusion Research, Nice, 1988 (International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1989), Vol. 1, p. 9] exhibit a systematic enhancement of the transmitted power at frequencies close to the electron gyrofrequency, often well beyond the corresponding level detected in vacuum. In order to explain such observations, the problem of electromagnetic wave propagation near the electron cyclotron frequency in a hot magnetized plasma is investigated in the framework of geometrical optics. The simple case of the ordinary mode injected vertically is studied by taking the finite plasma temperature and relativistic corrections to the dispersion relation into account, in contrast with the more familiar cold plasma ray-tracing approach. It is found that the ray trajectories are strongly affected by such effects in the anomalous dispersion region close to the cyclotron resonance. As a consequence of this analysis, it is shown that the local enhancement of the transmitted power observed experimentally can be explained as a focusing phenomenon related to hot-plasma corrections to the wave refractive index. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.871438
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The prepropeptide of vacuolar aminopeptidase I is necessary and sufficient to target the fluorescent reporter protein GFP to the vacuole of yeast by the Cvt pathway (1999)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 33 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have studied the capacity of the prepro amino extension of vacuolar protease leucine aminopeptidase I (API) to target the fluorescent reporter protein GFP to the vacuole of yeast. The preproGFP chimera constructed by extending the amino end of GFP with the prepro-part of API is rapidly degraded in both wild-type WCG cells and WCG 11/21a cells deficient in the proteasome. In contrast, the chimera expressed in WCG-PP cells deficient in both proteasome activity and vacuolar proteinase A accumulates in the vacuole, where it remains stable. Replacement of Gly by Ile-7, a substitution that prevents folding of the pre-part into an amphipathic helix and inhibits the targeting of the API precursor to the vacuole, inhibits the targeting of preproGFP to the vacuole. The separated pre- and pro-parts of the API precursor do not target GFP to the vacuole. Targeting of preproGFP to the vacuole is independent of its levels of expression, as the fluorescent protein localizes to the vacuole in cells expressing the protein under the control of both the GAL 1/10 or the API promoter. The preproGFP expressed under both promoters is recovered as monomers from cytosolic cell extracts. PreproGFP expressed under the API promoter is packed into cytoplasmic bodies that penetrate into the vacuolar lumen to release the protein. Altogether our results show that the prepro-part of the API precursor is necessary and sufficient to target the green fluorescent reporter protein to the vacuole.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1999.01446.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lattice instability of Ni2MnGa (1997)
    Springer
    Physics of the solid state 39 (1997), S. 485-487 
    Details
    ISSN: 1063-7834
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Anomalies have been detected in the temperature behavior of the physical properties of Ni2MnGa in the temperature interval preceding the martensitic transformation, which is attributed to TA 2 phonon mode condensation at T=T I〉T m (T m is the martensitic transition temperature).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1129856
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ordering and stabilization in quenched CuAlNiMnB alloys (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 30 (1995), S. 5770-5776 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The ordering and stabilization behaviour of a set of CuAlNi alloys with manganese and boron additions have been studied. Specimens were subjected to different thermal treatments, mostly consisting of a direct quench into martensite from different temperatures. The transformation was studied by differential scanning calorimetry, and X-ray diffraction was also used to check the martensite and parent phase structures. According to the results, the first reverse transformation after quenching into martensite stems from two competitive processes, namely the stabilization of the martensite and a decrease of the transformation temperatures due to quenched disorder. The temperature from which the quench is performed is the critical parameter determining whether stabilization or disorder suppression predominates. The degree of stabilization increases with the manganese content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00356719
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxygen barrier efficiency of hexamethyldisiloxane/oxygen plasma-deposited coating (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 61 (1996), S. 2015-2022 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Oxygen barrier coatings were made by plasma polymer deposition on a polypropylene substrate. Plasma polymer deposition is realized in a low-frequency reactor with hexamethyldisiloxane/oxygen (HMDSO/O2) precursors. The structure and composition of the deposited coating are characterized by density measurements and FTIR spectroscopy. Permeability of the polypropylene, coated with plasma films made from various gas compositions, is interpreted in terms of coating structure and composition. Incorporation of molecular oxygen in the gas phase results in inorganic and dense films. It is shown that the density of the film is the main factor controlling the oxygen barrier effect. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A model for crack connectivity in rocks, a discussion (1995)
    Springer
    Mathematical geology 27 (1995), S. 23-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8868
    Keywords: rock fracture ; renormalizalion-group ; percolation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We reanalyzed a model introduced by T. R. Madden for the evaluation of the state of connectivity among the microcrack population existing inside crystalline rocks. The model assumes that cracks are distributed randomly in a cubic lattice with a basic occupation probability, p.Depending on the value of p, the stale of connectivity can give rise to macroscopic paths, which allow electrical conduction of the sample, or to extended crack surfaces, which would be responsible for rock failure. The position of the phase boundaries, that is, the threshold values of pfor the onset of conductivity or macroscopic fracture, are estimated by a real-space renormalizalion-group (RG) technique. By identifying all the relevant configurations of the lattice model, we have been able to provide explicit analytic formulae for the critical lines. The criterion used by Madden to “accept” the existence of microscopic linear connectivity is modified and the new consequences discussed. We analyze the limitations of simple versions of the RG technique, in particular when concerned with anisotropic spatial distributions of cracks. Finally, we emphasize the interest of acquiring experimental data, especially to test the position of the conduction thresholds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02083566
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Computer programs for the solution of systems of linear algebraic equations (1973)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 7 (1973), S. 479-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: FORTRAN subprograms for the solution of systems of linear algebraic equations are evaluated and compared on the basis of execution speed and accuracy. A symmetric, positive definite, banded test matrix is used in each case. The procedures considered are direct solution, iteration and matrix inversion. Both in-core schemes and those requiring the use of auxiliary data storage devices are included. Some of the techniques used require the full coefficient matrix, whereas others account for symmetry, banding, or sparseness of the system.Matrix inversion is found to be an inefficient technique, even if multiple right-hand side constant vectors are to be solved. In such cases, either Gauss elimination with multiple constant vectors treated simultaneously, or decomposition with the retention of the upper and lower triangular matrices, is recommended. Double precision arithmetic is suggested as a means of reducing round-off errors, and should always be employed when permitted by the computer's core capacity.On the basis of the results obtained with the single test system of equations, specific subprograms are recommended for each category of problem.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620070406
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heterologous HIS3 Marker and GFP Reporter Modules for PCR-Targeting in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Yeast 13 (1997), S. 1065-1075 
    Details
    ISSN: 0749-503X
    Keywords: PCR-targeting ; pFA plasmids ; HIS3 heterologous auxotrophic marker ; geneticin ; green fluorescence protein ; kanMX ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We have fused the open reading frames of his3-complementing genes from Saccharomyces kluyveri and Schizosaccharomyces pombe to the strong TEF gene promotor of the filamentous fungus Ashbya gossypii. Both chimeric modules and the cognate S. kluyveri HIS3 gene were tested in transformations of his3 S. cerevisiae strains using PCR fragments flanked by 40 bp target guide sequences. The 1·4 kb chimeric Sz. pombe module (HIS3MX6) performed best. With less than 5% incorrectly targeted transformants, it functions as reliably as the widely used geniticin resistance marker kanMX. The rare false-positive His+ transformants seem to be due to non-homologous recombination rather than to gene conversion of the mutated endogenous his3 allele. We also cloned the green fluorescent protein gene from Aequorea victoria into our pFA-plasmids with HIS3MX6 and kanMX markers. The 0·9 kb GFP reporters consist of wild-type GFP or GFP-S65T coding sequences, lacking the ATG, fused to the S. cerevisiae ADH1 terminator. PCR-synthesized 2·4 kb-long double modules flanked by 40-45 bp-long guide sequences were successfully targeted to the carboxy-terminus of a number of S. cerevisiae genes. We could estimate that only about 10% of the transformants carried inactivating mutations in the GFP reporter. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
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    Ordering and stabilization in quenched CuAlNiMnB alloys (1995)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0022-2461
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Published by Springer
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