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  • Articles  (209)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (209)
  • 1995-1999  (116)
  • 1970-1974  (93)
  • Medicine  (209)
  • Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
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  • Articles  (209)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 226 (1995), S. 339-349 
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Mordacia mordax is one of the two anadromous parasitic lamprey species of the southern hemisphere family Mordaciidae. Its adults possess two lateral buccal glands and one central buccal gland. When the tongue-like piston is retracted, the buccal glands occupy much of the opening of the oral cavity at the rear of the buccal cavity. The glands contain numerous tube-like, ductless secretory units, which discharge directly into the buccal cavity. Their secretory epithelial cells contain numerous granules, some of which are zymogen-like, while others have a beaded, spiralled appearance. The similarity of the latter to mast cell granules suggests that they may likewise produce an anticoagulant, which would be valuable to a presumed blood feeder such as M. mordax. The mucus produced by these cells could act as a carrier for the secretions and as an adhesive for promoting retention of t he secretions on the host's surface. When the young adults is transferred to salt water, the buccal glands increase their production and discharge of secretions. Since the glands are not enclosed in musculature, their secretions are probably discharged by mechanical pressure applied by the forward movement of the head of the tooth-bearing piston into the buccal cavity. An account is given of the way in which the location, number, glandular organization, secretory granules, and type of secretion of the buccal glands of M. mordax, and thus presumably also their mode of function, differ markedly from those of members of the other lamprey family found in the southern hemisphere, and of all holarrctic lampreys. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 66 (1997), S. 65-76 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: chylomicron ; very low density lipoprotein ; high density lipoprotein ; apoprotein B-100 ; apoprotein B-48 ; apoprotein A-I ; fat transport ; ontogeny ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Studies employing human fetal intestine have yielded much interesting information on the role of polarized enterocytes in fat absorption and transport. Using the organ culture model, we examined the influence of hydrocortisone on the synthesis and secretion of lipids and lipoproteins. Human jejunal explants were cultured for 5 days at 37°C in serum-free medium containing either [14C]-oleic acid or [14C]-acetate, alone or supplemented with hydrocortisone (25 or 50 ng/ml). The uptake of [14C]-oleic acid was associated with the production of triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesteryl esters, which were all affected by hydrocortisone. This hormonal agent (50 μg) led to the marked reduction of secreted triglycerides (43%, P 〈 0.01), phospholipids (39%, P 〈 0.01), and cholesteryl esters (36%, P 〈 0.05) without altering the characteristic distribution of tissue and medium lipid classes. Similarly, hydrocortisone significantly (P 〈 0.01) decreased (∼60%) the incorporation of [14C]-acetate into secreted free and esterified cholesterol in the medium. With [14C]-oleic acid as a precursor, hydrocortisone significantly diminished the delivery of chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins to the medium while consistently enhancing the secretion of high density lipoproteins. In parallel, [35S]-methionine pulse-labeling of jejunal explants revealed the concomitant inhibitory effect of hydrocortisone on apo B-100 synthesis and hydrocortisone's stimulatory effect on apo B-48 and apo A-I. These studies suggest that glucocorticoids play a critical role in lipoprotein processing during intestinal development. J. Cell. Biochem. 66:65-76 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: two-dimensional gel electrophoresis ; cervical cancer ; genomic alterations ; genomic scanning ; chemoprevention ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to comprehensively scan the whole genome of 6 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions, 7 cervical squamous cell carcinomas, 1 cervical adenosquamous cell carcinoma, and 2 cervical adenocarcinomas for multiple genetic alterations, such as DNA amplification, chromosome deletion, loss of heterozygosity, and chromosome translocation, as compared with the paired normal tissues. DNA spot analysis of the genomic 2-dimensional gels was performed by a computer color overlay system and by spot recognition software allowing for objective spot comparison and quantitation. Nine spots were found to be amplified in the cervical carcinomas while two amplified spots were detected in the CIN III lesions. Fourteen DNA spots were either reduced in their intensity or absent in cervical carcinomas as compared to their normal paired tissues. Reduction of intensity in 6 spots was observed in the 5 CIN III lesions. These genetic alterations may represent changes in cancer genes that are associated with human cervical carcinogenesis. Further characterization of these alterations may be significant to the understanding of cervical tumorigenesis and to the development of biomarkers for clinical trials in cancer chemoprevention. J. Cell. Biochem. 25S:41-48. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 79 (1972), S. 293-298 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The relative proliferative capacity of haematopoietic cell populations derived from 22-week-old adult bone marrow and 14-18 day foetal liver has been studied in lethally irradiated syngeneic recipients by means of chromosome markers. Although starting at a disadvantage in terms of the number of colony-forming units (stem cells) injected, the foetal liver-derived populations steadily increased their relative numbers in the myeloid and lymphoid tissues over a period of several weeks until a plateau was reached. It is suggested that stem cells in foetal liver have, on average, a higher intrinsic capacity for self-renewal than do those in bone marrow, and that this capacity falls to the adult level within about ten weeks of transfer.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Lymphopoiesis with respect to recirculating and non-recirculating small lymphocytes was measured simultaneously in rats thymectomized as adults. Removal of the thymus at four to five weeks of age had a profound inhibitory effect upon the production of recirculating cells, whereas the formation of non-recirculating lymphocytes was only slightly depressed. Thymectomy had approximately the same impact of lymphopoiesis as thymectomy and exposure of the animal to a large dose of whole body X- and γ-irradiation. The latter finding, and the failure of a thoracic duct cell transfusion to augment lymphocyte production, accord with the view that the thymus is the principle intermediate source of recirculating small lymphocytes in the normal, unstimulated animal.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A method is described for measuring lymphopoiesis that enables the production of recirculating and non-recirculating small lymphocytes to be estimated simultaneously. Using this technique, experiments were undertaken to determine whether the production of recirculating cells is influenced by the number present in the recirculating lymphocyte pool. The results suggest that neither a massive lymphocyte transfusion nor depletion of the pool by whole body irradiation or chronic lymph drainage affect the rate at which recirculating small lymphocytes are generated.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The calcitonin (SCT) from salmon ultimobranchial bodies which (like mammalian calcitonins) lowers the plasma calcium concentration in mammals can also affect cyclic AMP (cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate) metabolism and proliferation of lymphoblasts in normal and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1)-treated rat thymocyte populations in three different ways. In the first case, low concentrations (0.5-5.0 ng per milliliter) of SCT lower (by a calcium-mediated process) the ability of PGE1 to transiently increase cyclic AMP synthesis, but the reduced surge of cyclic AMP production is still ample to stimulate lymphoblasts in the cell population to initiate deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis. Secondly, these low SCT concentrations affect the eventual progression of the PGE1-stimulated, DNA-synthesizing lymphoblasts into mitosis by a calcium-mediated process. Depending on the extracellular calcium concentration and the magnitude of the initial increment in the intracellular cyclic AMP content, SCT can either promote or inhibit the progression of the stimulated cells into mitosis. SCT's third action is a rapid (within 5 minutes), calcium-independent elevation of the cellular cyclic AMP content in otherwise untreated thymic lymphocyte populations exposed to a very high concentration (100 ng per milliliter) of the hormone. This early, transient rise in the cyclic AMP level is followed by a calcium-dependent increase in lymphoblast proliferation. An attempt is made to interrelate and explain the different actions of SCT on cyclic AMP metabolism and mitogenesis.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Prior studies have shown that vitamin D regulation of protein kinase C activity (PKC) in the cell layer of chondrocyte cultures is cell maturation-dependent. In the present study, we examined the membrane distribution of PKC and whether 1α,25-(OH)2D3 and 24R,25-(OH)2D3 can directly regulate enzyme activity in isolated plasma membranes and extracellular matrix vesicles. Matrix vesicle PKC was activated by bryostatin-1 and inhibited by a PKC-specific pseudosubstrate inhibitor peptide. Depletion of membrane PKC activity using isoform-specific anti-PKC antibodies suggested that PKCα is the major isoform in cell layer lysates as well as in plasma membranes isolated from both cell types; PKCζ is the predominant form in matrix vesicles. This was confirmed in Western blots of immunoprecipitates as well as in studies using control peptides to block binding of the isoform specific antibody to the enzyme and using a PKCζ-specific pseudosubstrate inhibitor peptide. The presence of PKCζ in matrix vesicles was further verified by immunoelectron microscopy. Enzyme activity in the matrix vesicle was insensitive to exogenous lipid, whereas that in the plasma membrane required lipid for full activity. 1,25-(OH)2D3 and 24,25-(OH)2D3 inhibited matrix vesicle PKC, but stimulated plasma membrane PKC when added directly to the isolated membrane fractions. PKC activity in the matrix vesicle was calcium-independent, whereas that in the plasma membrane required calcium. Moreover, the vitamin D-sensitive PKC in matrix vesicles was not dependent on calcium, whereas the vitamin D-sensitive enzyme in plasma membranes was calcium-dependent. It is concluded that PKC isoforms are differentially distributed between matrix vesicles and plasma membranes and that enzyme activity is regulated in a membrane-specific manner. This suggests the existence of a nongenomic mechanism whereby the effects of 1,25-(OH)2D3 and 24,25-(OH)2D3 may be mediated via PKC. Further, PKCζ may be important in nongenomic, autocrine signal transduction at sites distal from the cell. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The growth factors PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB have previously been shown to be potent mitogens for human periodontal ligament (hPDL) cells in vitro. Additionally, the mitogenic response to PDGF-AA has been shown to be specifically inhibited by TGF-β. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the binding of PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB, and the modulation of PDGF binding by TGF-β, in hPDL cells. Scatchard analysis identified an average of 32,000 PDGF-AA high-affinity binding sites per cell with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 0.66 nM and an average of 36,000 PDGF-BB binding sites per cell with a dissociation constant (kd) of 0.44 nM. After treatment with TGF-β, the receptor number for PDGF-AA was found to specifically decrease by approximately 50%, with no change in binding affinity. This reduced number of binding sites was shown to correlate with both a decrease in levels of receptor tyrosine phosphorylation and a decreased number of α receptor subunits. Northern blot analysis identified the TGF-β-mediated decrease in PDGF α receptor subunit mRNA levels. PDGF-BB showed little change in the number of binding sites or in the binding affinity with TGF-β treatment, and the data were consistent with an increase in the number of β receptor subunits. These results demonstrate nearly equivalent numbers of receptors for both PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB in hPDL cells. Also, modulation of PDGF binding, by TFG-β, was shown to result in a reduced number of α receptor subunits with an increase in the number of β receptor subunits. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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