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  • Chemistry  (141)
  • 1995-1999  (68)
  • 1970-1974  (73)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of Glucuronides in the Flavonoid-Series, III Isolation of Apigenin-7-β-D-glucuronide from Ruellia tuberosa L. and its SynthesisFrom the yellow buds of Ruelliae tuberosa L. (Acanthaceae) a flavone-glycoside was isolated which could be identified as 5.7.4′-trihydroxyflavone(apigenin)-7-β-D-glucuronide (3). Its structure was confirmed by coupling 4′-O-benzylapigenin with methyl(tri-O-acetyl-α-D-glucopyranosyl bromide)uronate, followed by total acetylation, debenzylation and saponification to 3.
    Notes: Aus den gelben Knospen von Ruellia tuberosa L. (Acanthaceae) wurde ein Flavonglykosid isoliert und als 5.7.4′-Trihydroxy-flavon(Apigenin)-7-β-D-glucuronid (3) identifiziert. Der Strukturbeweis gelang durch Kupplung von 4′-O-Benzyl-apigenin mit α-Acetobromglucuronsäure-methylester, Darstellung des Vollacetats, Entbenzylierung und Verseifung zu 3.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 36 (1998), S. 1363-1371 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: liquid chromatography ; column packing ; bare silica gel ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Liquid chromatography of macromolecules at the critical adsorption point (LC CAP) presents a potentially very powerful method for molecular characterization of complex polymers. However, LC CAP applicability is limited due to various experimental problems. The pore sizes and surface chemistry of the column packings belong to the most important weak points of the method. The LC CAP behavior of poly(methyl methacrylate)s was investigated using bare silica gels of 6, 12, and 100 nm pore sizes and with various amounts of surface silanols. Tetrahydrofuran as the adsorption suppressing liquid and toluene as the adsorption promoting liquid were mixed to form the “nearly critical” eluents. Both pore size and surface chemistry of silica were found to strongly influence the retentive characteristics of the system in the critical adsorption area. Macromolecules that were large enough to be excluded from the packing pores hardly followed the LC CAP rules: their retention volumes changed irregularly with the polymer molar mass and their recovery dropped sharply. The narrow pore silica gel-packed column governed the elution patterns of the whole column set composed of silica gels with different pore sizes. This makes the conventional LC CAP characterization of common polymers with broader molar mass distribution impractical and even not feasible. A hybrid column system was proposed containing narrow pore nonadsorptive column added in series to the meso- and macroporous LC CAP silica gels. This narrow pore column would allow separation of gas, impurities, and system peaks from the polymer peaks. The possible successive changes of the surface of silica gel, e.g., due to formation of silanols by hydrolysis or due to irreversible adsorption of some admixtures from the sample or eluent may make the LC CAP irrepeatable. Pronounced peak broadening was observed in the critical adsorption area and this effect increased strongly with the polymer molar mass. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 1363-1371, 1998
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 2337-2340 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 11 (1998), S. 261-272 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: 1-substituted 2-pyrrolidinones ; C=O stretching frequencies ; solvent effects ; Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: In an effort to model solute-solvent interactions, the C=O stretching frequencies of five 1-substituted 2-pyrrolidinones and four other carbonyl-containing compounds were measured for 30 common solvents. These were then correlated with four empirical parameter sets and one theoretical (computational) parameter set. While an empirical parameter set gave the best correlation equations, the theoretical parameter equations are physically and statistically significant. Solvent volume, polarizability and hydrogen bond donor acidity (capacity) terms are significant in the correlation equations. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
    Additional Material: 14 Tab.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Hochtemperaturkorrosion von Nickel-Chrom Legierungen mit hochtemperaturbeständigen, Sulfide bildenden Zusäitzen in Schwefel/Sauerstoff-Atmosphären -Theoretische BetrachtungenObwohl die in Gasturbinen auftretenden Verbrennungsgase normalerweise stark oxidierend wirken, zeigt die Mikrountersuchung korrodierter Legierungen häufig nicht nur den erwarteten äußeren Oxidzundern und ein gewisses Maß an innerer Oxidation, sondern auch beträchtliche Mengen Sulfidphase(n), insbesondere wenn die Turbine unter marinen Bedingungen betrieben wurde. Es kommt daher in gewissem Umfang zu selektiver Sulfidierung und auch Oxidation. Während die genaue Art und Weise der Ausbreitung einmal vorhandener Korrosionsprodukte noch zweifelhaft ist, kann die spätere Oxidation von Sulfidteilchen ein wesentlicher Faktor sein. Es ist jedoch klar, daß eine notwendige Voraussetzung für die Verringerung dieser komplexen Angriffsform die Ausschaltung bzw. Behinderung der gleichlaufend mit der Oxidation auftretenden Sulfidierung ist. Die Theorie, auf welche sich die Möglichkeit der Entwicklung von sulfidierungsbeständigen Legierungen über den Zusatz von selektiv sulfidierbaren Legierungszusätzen gründet, wird untersucht. Auf dieser Grundlage werden einige Legierungselemente, die sogenannte hitzebeständige Sulfide hohen Schmelzpunktes bilden und bisher weitgehend ignoriert wurden, in die Diskussion eingeführt und als mögliche nützliche Zusätze zur Inhibierung des Angriffs von Nickellegierungen in Schwefel/Sauerstoff-Systemen vorgestellt. In diesem Zusammenhang wurden auch thermodynamische Daten dieser hitzebeständigen Sulfide berechnet.
    Notes: Despite the fact that combustion atmospheres in gas turbines are normally strongly oxidizing, microexamination of corroded alloys often not only reveals an anticipated external oxide scale and a degree of internal oxidation, but also a significant amount of sulphide phase(s), particularly after turbine operation in marine situations. Thus a degree of selective sulphidation as well as oxidation occurs. While the exact method of the further propagation of the corrosion product(s) is subject to doubt, it is possible that subsequent oxidation of these sulphide particles may be a factor. It is clear, however, that a necessary prerequisite for the reduction of this complex form of attack is the elimination of or control oh the sulphidation which occurs concurrently with oxidation. The theory underlying the possible development of sulphidation resistant alloys via. selective sulphidation of specific alloying element additions is reviewed. On this basis a number of alloying elements, which can form so-called refractory sulphides of high melting point, and which hitherto have been largely ignored, are put forward in discussion as being potentially useful as additions to Ni-based alloys for the inhibition of attack in sulphur/oxygen environments. In this assessment thermodynamic data for these refractory sulphides have been calculated and are quoted.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 16 (1970), S. 32-37 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Measurements of the effective self-diffusion coefficients for carbon dioxide and methane were performed in the transition pressure range. The experiments utilized carbon-14 tagged gases and semiconductor radiation detectors in a transient type of experiment. A detailed analysis of the errors associated with the experiments indicated that the accuracy of the measurements was near 5%. The results verify that the additive resistance law is valid for the representation in the transition range. The unknown effects of surface diffusion make the values to be employed in this law subject to review. As an example one surface diffusion model is considered.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 19 (1973), S. 957-962 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The secondary nucleation of magnesium sulfate due to the action of fluid forces on a seed crystal was studied by introducing the hypothesized nuclei so generated into a region of high supersaturation. The number of nuclei observed is strongly dependent on the supersaturation at the seed and the severity of shear forces. Classical nucleation theory is used to interpret the results. These results are consistent with other experimental observations described in the recent literature on contact nucleation. The growth and nucleation process inferred is similar to that illustrated by Clontz and McCabe (1972) and suggested by Knight (1971).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 16 (1970), S. 520-527 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Temperature and velocity measurements were carried out at the center of the test section of an 8-in. I.D. cylindrical graphite chamber in a confined nitrogen jet issuing from a 40-kw. D.C. plasma torch. The test section was located 10.5 in. below the torch nozzle, and temperatures and velocities up to 4,300°F. and 120 ft./sec. were obtained.The overall rates of heat transfer by forced convection were measured to water cooled circular and square cylinders in two orientations. Results indicated that, owing to the high level of turbulence of the jet, turbulent boundary layers prevailed in the low range of Reynolds numbers investigated. Correlations are presented in terms of the Nusselt, Reynolds, and Prandtl numbers, with the physical properties of the gas evaluated at the bulk temperature.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 82 (1970), S. 187-202 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Aktiver Stickstoff entsteht durch elektrische Entladung in strömendem Stickstoff und gibt sich durch das charakteristische gelbe Nachleuchten zu erkennen. Zum quantitativen Nachweis eignet sich z. B. die Umsetzung mit Stickstoffoxid („Gasphasen-Titration“). Der aktive Stickstoff setzt sich mit zahlreichen Elementen sowie anorganischen und organischen Verbindungen um. Seine wichtigsten Reaktionen sind auf Stickstoffatome zurückzuführen; daneben sind aber auch elektronisch angeregte Moleküle beteiligt.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: DNA, Metronidazole ; Modified electrodes ; Nucleic acids ; Biosensors ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The electroanalytical performance at three electrodes: DNA-modified galssy carbon electrode, mercury thin film electrode and glassy carbon electrode, for the study of the electrochemical reduction of metronidazole is compared. All three electrodes showed a similar trend in the reduction mechanism for metronidazole, depenent on pH in the acid and neutral region and independent in alkaline media, although there was a shift in the peak potentials to more negative values when a bare glassy carbon electrode was used compared to the other two. Besides the advantage of using a solid electrode for the reduction of metronidazole, the DNA-modified galssy carbon electrode enables a lower detection limit of 1.0 μM owing to the preconecentration of the drug on the electrode surface, which is not the case for the mercury thin film or bare glassy carbon electrodes.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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