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  • Articles  (25)
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (25)
  • 1995-1999  (19)
  • 1970-1974  (6)
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  • Articles  (25)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 11 (1998), S. 378-386 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: alkylboronic acids ; arylboronic acids ; ab initio ; MM3 ; molecular mechanics ; force field parameters ; Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The boronic acid functional group has been incorporated into various biologically important compounds. In order to study this class of compounds better with molecular mechanics, five alkyl- and arylboronic acids were calculated using ab initio methods (Spartan) at the RHF/6-31G* level. MM3 force field parameters were developed based on the theoretically calculated geometries, vibrational spectra, and torsional profiles. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 9 (1996), S. 66-78 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Ab initio calculations at both the Hartree-Fock and Møller-Plesset (MP2) levels of theory utilizing various basis sets were carried out on propargyl alcohol and its derivatives. The results of these calculations were used in conjunction with available experimental data in the formulation of an MM3 force field for these compounds. The energetic data obtained via the ab initio calculations were modeled well within the MM3 formalism, and are in agreement with the experimental results to within 1 kcal mol-1. For those structural parameters which were the focus of this study, the calculated results agreed well with existing experimental and ab initio data. The vibrational frequencies are also in good agreement with only small deviations in a few modes of methyl propargyl ether and propargyl fluoride.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 40 (1995), S. 386-390 
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Retrovirus vector ; Integration ; Provirus ; Boyine ; Mosaicism ; Microinjection ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Production of transgenic cattle by microinjection of DNA has been difficult and costly. To explore an alternative method, one- to four-cell bovine embryos were exposed to a replication-defective retrovirus by microinjection of retrovirus producer cells into the perivitelline space. Embryos were cultured in vitro for 3-4 days, then transferred to recipient cows for further development. Thirteen of 22 embryos recovered at 15 days gestation and each of four fetuses recovered at 90 days gestation were transgenic. Fetuses harbored between 2 and 12 pro-viruses, and within each fetus, identical patterns of integration were observed in seven tissues tested. Estimates of the number of proviruses per cell suggested that in three of the four fetuses, most, and possibly all, cells were transgenic. This technique should facilitate application of transgenic technology to cattle and other agriculturally important species. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 50 (1996), S. 580-586 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: tissue engineering ; N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells ; electrophysiological differentiation ; retinoid cytotoxicity ; teratogenesis ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The cytotoxic effects of retinoids on neuroblastoma cells at various times during electrophysiological differentiation were evaluated. We used N1E-115, a clone of the murine neuroblastoma C1300 derived from the neural crest, and three retinoids: vitamin A (retinol), all-trans retinoic acid (tretinoin), and 13-cis-retinoic acid (isotretinoin). Differentiating N1E-115 cells exposed to retinoids at an isotretinoin EC50 of 16 μM exhibited the greatest vulnerability in terms of cell death during a period (8 to 10 days) that was previously found to be the most sensitive for induction of gross malformations in rodents. This finding suggested possible similarities between the in vivo and in vitro retinoid mechanism(s) of action. The greatest period of vulnerability to retinoid cytotoxicity was also found to coincide with the rapid resting membrane potential (Vm) development period, suggesting a linkage between neuronal Vm and/or electrical excitability development and vulnerability to retinoid cytotoxicity. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Physical Organic Chemistry 10 (1997), S. 3-21 
    ISSN: 0894-3230
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Theoretical, Physical and Computational Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Monochloroalkanes were studied using molecular mechanics and parameters were developed and incorporated into MM3. The new force field reproduces well molecular structures, conformational energy differences and vibrational frequencies. The compounds studied were methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, neopentyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl chloride, 4-tert-butyl-1-chlorocyclohexane and 1-chloroadamantane. The overall rms error for the averaged C - C and C - Cl bond lengths for the above set of compounds excluding sec-butyl chloride, neopentyl chloride and 1-chloroadamantane is 0·0047 Å, and the rms error for the vibrational frequencies is 377thinsp;cm-1. The moments of inertia (rg) are approximately 1% greater than the microwave values (ra0). Thermodynamic quantities are also compared with those observed using various experimental methods. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 41 (1995), S. 415-425 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A 1-D model, which neglects radial variations, describes the hydrodynamics of cell-free ultrafiltration hollow-fiber bioreactors (HFBRs) and the transport of highmolecular-weight proteins trapped in the extracapillary space (ECS). The profiles of radially-averaged protein concentrations predicted by this model are identical to those obtained using a model with radial variations. The model predictions agree well with axial profiles of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and human transferrin concentrations measured in transient and steady-state experiments. The validated model explores the influence of cell culture operating conditions on HFBR protein transport. Increasing protein loading decreases BSA and transferrin polarization in HFBRs operated with unidirectional lumen flow. A relationship developed predicts the protein loading needed to ensure a nonzero steady-state protein concentration throughout the ECS. This critical protein loading depends only on the lumen pressure drop and the ECS protein osmotic pressure. Periodic reversal of the lumen flow direction also decreases protein polarization. The influence of the flow-direction switching time and membrane permeability on the ECS protein distribution is investigated.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 46 (1995), S. 28-35 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: microfiltration ; membrane ; enzyme ; fouling ; atomic force microscopy ; photon correlation spectroscopy ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The transmission and rate of filtration of the enzyme yeast alcohol dehydrogenase (YADH) has been studied at capillary pore microfiltration membranes. Photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) with nanometer resolution showed that the enzyme existed as discreate molecules only for a narrow range of pH and ionic strength. Under such conditions, the transmission of the enzyme was high. However, the rate of filtration still decreased continuously with time. Analyssis of the time dependence of the rate of filtration indicated that this decrease was due to in-pore enzyme deposition at low concentration (“standard blocking model”) and suface depositon at high concentration (“cake filtration model”). Use of atomic force microscopy (AFM) gave unequivocal and quantitative confirmation of these inferences. The work shows the great advantage of using advanced physical characterization techniques, both for the identification of the optimum conditions for filtration (PCS) and for the elucidation of mechanisms giving rise to inefficiencies in the filtration process (AFM). © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 48 (1995), S. 559-572 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: ion exchange ; amino acids ; microcalorimetry ; thermodynamics ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The thermodynamics and energetics of the ion exchange of four amino acids at a cellulosic ion exchanger have been studied. Experimental work included determination of ion exchange isotherms and the use of high-sensitivity titration microcalorimetry. A rigorous thermodynamic analysis of the data was developed allowing calculation of the standard free energy, the standard enthalpy, and standard entropy of exchange, and also the differential free energy, incremental enthalpy, and incremental entropy of exchange. The results show that the relative contributions of the enthalpy and entropy to the overall free energy differ markedly for the chosen amino acids. The reasons for these differences are analyzed and discussed. A knowledge of these fundamental thermodynamic properties indicates the solution conditions likely to give enhanced affinity of the ion exchanger for selected amino acids. The experimental techniques and analysis procedures developed are generally applicable to ion exchange separations of biomolecules. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 1727-1736 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The magnitude and direction of the ultrasonic radiation forces that act on individual particles in a standing-wave field were determined using a microscope-based imaging system. The forces are calculated from measured particle velocities assuming that the drag force, given by Stokes' law, is exactly counterbalanced by the imposed ultrasonic forces. The axial primary radiation force was found to vary sinusoidally with axial position and to be proportional to the local acoustic energy density, as predicted by theory. The magnitude of the transverse primary force was determined by two independent methods to be about 100-fold weaker than the axial force. Separation concepts exploiting the transverse force for cell retention have been successful despite the great disparity in magnitude between the axial and transvers-force components. This may be explained by the reduced hydrodynamic forces on aggregated particles in transverse flow due to their alignment in the sound field.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 959-970 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The application of electric fields can be a very effective means of removing deposits from membrane surfaces. Such a means of process improvement has usually been applied to cross-flow filtration, allowing efficient operation at low cross-flow velocities. In the limiting case of dead-end filtration (zero crossflow) it is possible to use electric-field pulses to release the filter cake for collection. Experimental data are presented for the dead-end ultrafiltration of silica colloids and the protein bovine serum albumin and for the dead-end microfiltration of titania dispersions taking as variables the magnitude of the applied field, the pulse interval, the pulse duration, and the feed conditions (pH, ionic strength, concentration). The data identify the conditions when pulsed electric fields can be used as an efficient means of releasing filter cakes for collection. A force balance model is developed to predict the filtration rate at the end of the release process, taking into account electrophoretic, electroosmotic, and hydrodynamic forces. The model shows excellent agreement with the experimental data for ultrafiltration and reasonable agreement with the experimental data for microfiltration. The use of pulsed electric fields to release filter cakes in dead-end membrane processes is a promising technique that is most likely to find application in the clarification of process feeds containing low dispersed solutes.
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