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  • Springer  (22)
  • Wiley  (9)
  • Annual Reviews  (4)
  • 1995-1999  (27)
  • 1970-1974  (8)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Measurement of Vorticity in Turbulent Flows (1995)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 27 (1995), S. 469-514 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.fl.27.010195.002345
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Role of Macroinvertebrates in Stream Ecosystem Function (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 41 (1996), S. 115-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.41.010196.000555
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ethanol narcosis in mice: Serotonergic involvement (1974)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 30 (1974), S. 1053-1054 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Hinweis, dass biogene Amine eher als Amine selbst, im Narkoseprozess von Ethanol beteiligt sind und dass die beobachteten synergistischen Effekte vonl-DOPA oder Dopamin bei Mäusen mit Ethanol induzierter Schlafzeit wahrscheinlich eher auf einem serotonergetischen als auf einem direkten, dopaminergetischen Mechanismus beruhen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01939005
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Turbulence averaging within spark ignition engines (1999)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 27 (1999), S. 92-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  This paper examines velocity averaging within Spark-Ignition (SI) engines, a non-stationary system. Comparison is made between the mean and turbulence velocities found from (a) Ensemble, (b) Cyclic and (c) Wavelet-based averaging. The various methods of extracting turbulence within this flow system result in qualitatively similar average velocities; however, there are significant differences in the turbulence velocities and spectral content of the flow field based on the definition used. The differing interpretation of turbulence results in a subjectivity to the physical understanding of the flows. The experience in extracting coherent structures in stationary turbulence suggests that wavelet analysis offers a unique insight that has applicability for engine studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003480050333
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigations into the effect of LDV seed particles on the operating characteristics of a spark ignition engine (1999)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 27 (1999), S. 175-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract  LDV measurements are commonly made in spark ignition engines to investigate the interaction between the flow field and the combustion process. To achieve high LDV data rates relatively large quantities of seed particles must be introduced into the engine intake flow. Based on the measurement of the characteristic engine operating parameters, it was determined that the introduction of TiO2 seed particles into an optical L-head research engine fuelled by natural gas at stoichiometric and lean conditions did not significantly influence the combustion process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003480050342
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The velocity field of the turbulent very near wake of a circular cylinder (1996)
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 20 (1996), S. 441-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Hot-wire measurements were conducted in the very near wake (x/d⩽10) of a circular cylinder at a Reynolds number based on cylinder diameter, Re d of 3900. Measurements of the streamwise velocity component with the use of single sensor hot-wire probes were found to be inaccurate for such flowfields where high flow angles are present. An X-array probe provided detailed streamwise and lateral velocity component statistics. Frequency spectra of these two velocity components are also presented. Measurements with a 4-sensor hot-wire probe confirmed that the very near wake region is dominantly two-dimensional, thus validating the accuracy of the present X-array data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00189383
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Feeding, starvation and metabolic rate in the shore crab Carcinus maenas (1973)
    Springer
    Marine biology 20 (1973), S. 277-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The relationship between food intake and metabolic rate (as measured by oxygen consumption) of Carcinus maenas (L.) was studied. The metabolic rate of feeding crabs which had been starved for a short period increased, and several days were required for it to return to its original level. During prolonged starvation, the metabolic rate of C. maenas fell in two stages. The first reduction was to about 60% of the “feeding level”; this occurred during the first week of starvation. There was then a further reduction to about 40% of the “feeding level” and, at this level of metabolism, the crabs were able to survive for 3 months, with only 50% mortality; most of this occurred in the last 2 weeks. Metabolic rate was found to affect food intake; crabs acclimated to 24°C took 2.4 times as much food as crabs acclimated to 10°C, although the metabolic levels of the two groups differed by a factor of only 1.4. From the results obtained when the crabs were starved and when starved crabs were fed, it is suggested that, during starvation, the metabolic rate of C. maenas first drops from the elevated “feeding level” to a level at which carbohydrate reserves are utilised, and subsequently to a minimum level at which lipid reserves and proteins are used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00354271
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leaf litter decomposition and macroinvertebrate communities in headwater streams draining pine and hardwood catchments (1997)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 353 (1997), S. 107-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: aquatic invertebrates ; streams ; land use ; disturbance ; secondary production ; organic matter ; leaf litter ; decomposition ; riparian vegetation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Benthic invertebrates, litter decomposition, andlitterbag invertebrates were examined in streamsdraining pine monoculture and undisturbed hardwoodcatchments at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory in thesouthern Appalachian Mountains, USA. Bimonthlybenthic samples were collected from a stream draininga pine catchment at Coweeta during 1992, and comparedto previously collected (1989–1990) benthic data froma stream draining an adjacent hardwood catchment. Litter decomposition and litterbag invertebrates wereexamined by placing litterbags filled with pine ormaple litter in streams draining pine catchments andhardwood catchments during 1992–1993 and 1993–1994. Total benthic invertebrate abundance and biomass inthe pine stream was ca. 57% and 74% that of thehardwood stream, respectively. Shredder biomass wasalso lower in the pine stream but, as a result ofhigher Leuctra spp. abundance, shredderabundance was higher in the pine stream than thehardwood stream. Decomposition rates of both pine andred maple litter were significantly faster in pinestreams than adjacent hardwood streams (p〈0.05). Total shredder abundance, biomass, and production weresimilar in maple bags from pine and hardwood streams. However, trichopteran shredder abundance and biomass,and production of some trichopteran taxa such asLepidostoma spp., were significantly higher in maplelitterbags from pine streams than hardwood streams(p〈0.05). In contrast, plecopteran shredders(mainly Tallaperla sp.) were more important inmaple litterbags from hardwood streams. Shredderswere well represented in pine litterbags from pinestreams, but low shredder values were obtained frompine litterbags in hardwood streams. Resultssuggest conversion of hardwood forest to pinemonoculture influences taxonomic composition of streaminvertebrates and litter decomposition dynamics. Although the impact of this landscape-leveldisturbance on invertebrate shredder communitiesappeared somewhat subtle, significant differences indecomposition dynamics indicate vital ecosystem-levelprocesses are altered in streams draining pinecatchments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003054827248
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leaf Litter as a Source of Dissolved Organic Carbon in Streams (1998)
    Springer
    Ecosystems 1 (1998), S. 240-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0629
    Keywords: Key words: Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory; dissolved organic carbon (DOC); ecosystem experiment; leaching; leaf litter; long-term ecological research; riparian; southern Appalachian streams.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: ABSTRACT Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is an abundant form of organic matter in stream ecosystems. Most research has focused on the watershed as the source of DOC in streams, but DOC also comes from leaching of organic matter stored in the stream channel. We used a whole-ecosystem experimental approach to assess the significance of leaching of organic matter in the channel as a source of DOC in a headwater stream. Inputs of leaf litter were excluded from a forested Appalachian headwater stream for 3 years. Stream-water concentration, export, and instream generation of DOC were reduced in the litter-excluded stream as compared with a nearby untreated reference stream. The proportion of high molecular weight (HMW) DOC (more than 10,000 daltons) in stream water was not altered by litter exclusion. Mean DOC concentration in stream water was directly related to benthic leaf-litter standing stock. Instream generation of DOC from leaf litter stored in the stream channel contributes approximately 30% of daily DOC exports in this forested headwater stream. This source of DOC is greatest during autumn and winter and least during spring and summer. It is higher during increasing discharge than during base flow. We conclude that elimination of litter inputs from a forested headwater stream has altered the biogeochemistry of DOC in this ecosystem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100219900019
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The larval retreat and feeding net of macronema carolina banks (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) (1974)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 45 (1974), S. 177-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Larvae of the caddisfly Macronema carolina, which is widely distributed in the eastern United States, construct chambers on and in the bark and outermost wood of submerged tree limbs in large streams. Each chamber consists of two main parts, a feeding chamber and a larval retreat. A feeding net 10–11 mm2 in area is spun diagonally across the inside of the open ended, tubular feeding chamber, the anterior end of which opens directly into the current. This feeding net has a very fine mesh with openings of approximately 5 × 40 μ and is used to strain microseston (fine particulate organic matter, phytoplankton and bacteria) upon which the larva grazes while situated in a retreat opening into the side of the feeding chamber. This larval retreat has a small opening posteriorly which is apparently used as an exit for feces and water passing over the gills. We propose that the Holarctic distribution of Macronema spp., as inhabiting large streams, may be influenced more by feeding habits of the species, than the conventional water quality parameters often used by aquatic biologists to account for distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00014000
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