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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Onset of freezing tolerance in birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.) involves LEA proteins and osmoregulation and is impaired in an ABA-deficient genotype (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd, UK
    Plant, cell & environment 21 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In many woody plants a short photoperiod triggers the onset of cold acclimation, but the nature of this process has remained obscure. We aimed to establish which physiological and genetic factors have a role in short-day-induced acclimation by comparing two types of birch, Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pubescens f. hibernifolia Ulv., the latter being unable to increase its abscisic acid (ABA) levels. In the wild type, short-day or natural autumn conditions in the field appeared to elevate the ABA levels before acclimation, which was accompanied by tissue desiccation, osmotic adjustments and accumulation of Group 2 LEA proteins [responsive to ABA (RAB) 16-like; 24, 30 and 33 kDa] and Group 4 LEA proteins [late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) 14-like; 19 kDa]. Under similar conditions the ABA-deficient birch showed reduced water loss, defective osmoregulation, absence of inducible Group 2 LEA proteins, and delayed or reduced tolerance to freezing. In contrast, both birch genotypes showed similar seasonal production patterns of Group 4 LEA proteins. Our results demonstrate that onset of cold acclimation in birch is based on multiple mechanisms, including molecular pathways that are typical of stress responses. ABA may be important for the accurate timing of cold acclimation in trees that are sensitive to photoperiod.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1998.00306.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Freezing exposure releases bud dormancy in Betula pubescens and B. pendula (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 20 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Bud dormancy in woody plants is released by long-term exposure to non-freezing chilling temperatures, whereas freezing temperatures have been considered to have little or no effect. However, the present results demonstrate that short-term exposure to freezing can release bud dormancy in Betula pubescens (Ehrh.) and B. pendula (Roth). Short-term freezing during the dormancy induction phase improved the release of bud dormancy only if an adequate level of dormancy had been reached. In fully dormant or chilled plants both the percentage and the speed of bud-burst increased, the more so the lower the temperature. Our results rule out the possibility that endogenous abscisic acid could be directly involved in the physiological control of bud dormancy release. The fast, easily applicable method presented here for bud dormancy release could further investigations into the biochemical and biophysical background to the process. The mechanisms of bud dormancy release and its relationship to cold acclimation are discussed in the light of these results, as also are the implications of the findings for modelling of bud dormancy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1997.d01-148.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photoperiodic induction of dormancy and freezing tolerance in Betula pubescens. Involvement of ABA and dehydrins (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Physiologia plantarum 100 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3054
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: In many woody plants photoperiod signals the initiation of dormancy and cold acclimation. The photoperiod-specific physiological and molecular mechanisms have remained uncharacterised. The role of abscisic acid (ABA) and dehydrins in photope-riod-induced dormancy and freezing tolerance was investigated in birch, Betula pubescens Ehrh. The experiments were designed to investigate if development of dormancy and freezing tolerance under long-day (LD) and short-day (SD) conditions could be affected by manipulation of the endogenous ABA content, and if accumulation of dehydrin-like proteins was correlated with SD and/or the water content of the buds. Experimentally, the internal ABA content was increased by ABA application and by water stress treatment under LD, and decreased by blocking the synthesis of ABA with fluridone under SD. Additionally, high humidity (95% RH) was applied to establish if accidental water stress was involved in SD. ABA content was monitored by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with selective ion monitoring (SIM). Short days induced a transient increase in ABA content, which was absent in 95% RH, whereas fluridone treatment decreased ABA. Short days induced a typical pattern of bud desiccation and growth cessation regardless of the treatment, and improved freezing tolerance except in the fluridone treatment. ABA content of the buds was significantly increased after spraying ABA on leaves and after water stress, treatments that did not induce cessation of growth and dormancy, but improved freezing tolerance. In addition to several constitutively produced dehydrins, two SD-specific proteins of molecular masses 34 and 36 kDa were found. Photoperiod- and experimentally-induced alterations in ABA contents affected freezing tolerance but not cessation of growth and dormancy. Therefore, involvement of ABA in the photoperiodic control of cold acclimation is more direct than in growth cessation and dormancy. As the typical desiccation pattern of the buds was found in all SD plants, and was not directly related to ABA content or to freezing tolerance, this pattern characterises the onset of photo-period-induced growth cessation and dormancy. The results provide evidence for the existence of various constitutively and two photoperiod-induced dehydrins in buds of birch, and reveal characteristics of dormancy and freezing tolerance that may facilitate further investigations of photoperiodic control of growth in trees.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1997.tb03461.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dehydrins in cold-acclimated apices of birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.): production, localization and potential role in rescuing enzyme function during dehydration (1999)
    Springer
    Planta 209 (1999), S. 377-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words:α-Amylase ; Dehydrin ; Desiccation tolerance ; Freezing tolerance ; LEA proteins ; RAB proteins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract.  Dehydrins accumulate in various plant tissues during dehydration. Their physiological role is not well understood, but it is commonly assumed that they assist cells in tolerating dehydration. Since in perennials the ability of the shoot apex to withstand dehydration is pivotal for survival through winter, we investigated if and how dehydrins may be involved. A first step in assessing such a role is the identification of their subcellular location. We therefore mapped the location of dehydrin homologues, abscisic acid-responsive (RAB 16-like) polypeptides, in the apex of birch (Betula pubescens Ehrh.). In non-cold-acclimated plants a single low-abundant RAB 16-member (a 33-kDa polypeptide) was produced, and localized in the cytoplasm only. During cold acclimation two additional members were produced (24 and 30 kDa) and accumulated in nuclei, storage protein bodies and starch-rich amyloplasts. Western blots of proteins isolated from purified starch granules and from protein bodies revealed the presence of the 24-kDa dehydrin. Since starch and protein reserves are gradually consumed during winter, serving cell maintenance, starch- and protein-degrading enzymes must remain locally active. We therefore investigated the hypothesis that dehydrins might create local pools of water in otherwise dehydrated cells, thereby maintaining enzyme function. In agreement with our hypothesis, enzyme assays showed that under conditions of low water activity a partially purified dehydrin fraction was able to improve the activity of α-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1.) relative to fractions from which dehydrin was removed by immunoprecipitation. The results confirm the general belief that dehydrins serve desiccation tolerance, and suggest that a major function is to rescue the metabolic processes that are required for survival and re-growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050740
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extending n times differentiable functions of several variables (1999)
    Springer
    Czechoslovak mathematical journal 49 (1999), S. 825-830 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9141
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract It is shown that n times Peano differentiable functions defined on a closed subset of $$\mathbb{R}^m $$ and satisfying a certain condition on that set can be extended to n times Peano differentiable functions defined on $$\mathbb{R}^m $$ if and only if the nth order Peano derivatives are Baire class one functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022409302825
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Standing crops of chironomidae and tubificidae in two desert reservoirs, Central Arizona (1978)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 57 (1978), S. 217-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Arizona ; desert reservoirs ; benthos standing crops ; Chironomidae ; Tubificidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In the two desert reservoirs examined seasonal and spatial variations in both densities and biomasses of chironomid dipterans and tubificid oligochaetes were quite high, but mean values are comparatively low. Densities of both organisms were generally low in summer, larger in autumn, and highest in spring. Disjunct distribution of the two taxa was evident. Distribution of these animals with depth in these desert reservoirs is affected by hypolimnic oxygen depletion, food supply (Chlorophyll-a concentrations), lake morphology and perhaps by substrate composition and predator-prey interactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00014576
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Buchbesprechungen (1979)
    Springer
    Mathematical methods of operations research 23 (1979), S. B59 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5217
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Economics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01951501
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trace analysis of vinclozoline by gas chromatography with electrolytic conductivity detection and solid-phase extraction (1995)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 352 (1995), S. 385-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A procedure for the analysis of vinclozoline in tap and surface water by GC and Hall detector has been developed. Each step — the analysis of vinclozoline in acetone standard solution, in deionized water and in tap water after solid-phase extraction — was checked by statistical tests (variance homogeneity, linearity test, residue analysis, runaway tests, F-test, t-test). The detection limits and determination limits were calculated from the calibration curve and its prediction interval (according to the DFG). The detection limit for vinclozoline in tap water was found to be 0.03 μg/l and the determination limit is 0.06 μg/l by a recovery rate of 89%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00322237
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Kristall- und MolekülStruktur von N,N′-Bis-(trimethylsilyl)-oximidsäure-bis(trimethylsilyl)-ester (1976)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 420 (1976), S. 51-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Crystal and Molecular Structure of N,N′-Bis(trimethylsilyl) Oximidic Acid Bis (trimethylsilyl) EsterThe X-ray structure analysis of the reaction product of oxalyl chloride with sodium bis(trimethylsilyl) amide formulated by PUMP and ROCHOW as N,N′-bis(trimethylsilyl) oximidic Acid bis (trimethylsilyl) ester shows that the suggested structure is correct for the solid state. The compound crystallizes in the space group P1 with a = 9.948(4), b = 6.612(3), c = 10.370(4) Å, α = 88.87(6), β = 116.95(4), γ = 98.23(6)°, and Z = 1. The molecule manifests symmetry 1.
    Notes: Die Röntgenstrukturanalyse des von PUMP und ROCHOW als N,N′-Bis(trimethylsilyl)-oximidsäure-bis(trimethylsilyl)-ester formulierten Reaktionsprodukts von Oxalylchlorid mit Natrium-bis(trimethylsilyl)-amid zeigt, daß diese Formulierung für den festen Zustand zutrifft. Die Verbindung kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe P1 mit a = 9,948(4), b = 6,612(3), c = 10,370(4) Å, α = 88,87(6), β = 116,95(4), γ = 98,23(6)° und Z = 1. Die Molekel besitzt die Eigensymmetrie 1.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19764200106
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spektroskopische Untersuchungen an Schwefelverbindungen. VI [1] Zum Problem der Silyl-Tautomerie von zweifach trimethylsilysubstituierten Sulfinamiden (1976)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 420 (1976), S. 55-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Spectroscopic Studies on Sulphur Compounds. VI. On Silyl Tautomerism in Bis-trimethylsilylated Sulphinic AmidesThe bis-trimethylsilylated sulphinic amides 1 and 2 (eq. 1) as well as the sulphenic amide 4 (eq. 2) have been prepared for the first time and their structures deduced from lH n.m.r., 29Si n.m.r., i.r., and mass spectra. The imidate structure B (scheme 1) has been assigned unequivocally to compounds 1 and 2. The same structure is suggested for the known compound 3 on the basis of its spectroscopic behaviour. 29Si n.m.r. spectra are recorded for several reference compounds.
    Notes: Die zweifach trimethylsilylsubstituierten Sulfinamide 1 und 2 (Gl. 1) sowie das Sulfenamid 4 (Gl. 2) wurden erstmalig dargestellt und über 1H-NMR-, 29Si-NMR-, IR-und Massenspektren charakterisiert. Demnach liegen die Verbindungen 1 und 2 eindeutig, die bereits bekannte Verbindung 3 mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit in der N,O-silylsubstituierten Imidform B (Schema 1) vor. Die 29Si-NMR-Spektren einer Reihe von Vergleichssubstanzen werden mitgeteilt.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19764200107
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