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  • 1995-1999  (122)
  • 1975-1979  (47)
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  • 1
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-79/20
    In: CRREL Report, 79-20
    Description / Table of Contents: A volumetric constitutive equation was developed to characterize the behavior of snow subjected to large compressive volumetric deformations. By treating the material as a suspension of air voids in a matrix material of polycrystalline ice, a rate-dependent volumetric constitutive law was formulated and found to accurately predict material response to pressure loads for a wide range of load rates. Comparison of the theory with shock wave data was not considered in this paper, although the constitutive law appears to be valid for such load situations. One application to oversnow mobility of tracked vehicles was made. In this case, power requirements due to snow compaction were calculated parametrically in terms of vehicle speed, track loading, and snow density.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 13 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-20
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature Introduction Material representation of ice Development of the volumetric constitutive law for snow Fully elastic phase Elastic-plastic phase Fully plastic phase Simplified equation Comparison with experimental data Application to vehicle mobility problems Conclusions Literature cited
    Location: AWI Archive
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 2
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
    Associated volumes
    Call number: ZSP-201-79/29
    In: CRREL Report, 79-29
    Description / Table of Contents: An analytical study of the propagation of shock waves in snow was carried out to evaluate the response of medium density snow to high rates of loading. One solution was developed for steady shock waves; this resulted in calculation of pressure jump, density jump and stress wave speed. Correlation with available experimental data was found to be good. Nonsteady shock waves were also considered in order to evaluate wave attenuation rates in snow. Very few data were available to compare with the analytical results, so no definite conclusions on the part of the study could be made. The results show, however, that shock waves that produce plastic deformation attenuate at extremely high rates and that differences in pressure between two waves are quickly eliminated within a short distance. Calculations were also made to evaluate the effect of wave frequency on attenuation rates. The results show that, for plastic waves, frequency is not a predominant factor for determining attenuation rates.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 14 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 79-29
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Nomenclature I. Introduction II. A constitutive law for snow and balance principles III. Compatibility laws and jump equations for stress waves IV. Steady shock waves in snow V. Comparison of steady-wave theory with experimental results VI. A numerical solution to the nonsteady wave problem VII. Jump equations for nonsteady shock waves VIII. Reduced jump equations Discussion and conclusions Literature cited
    Location: AWI Archive
    Branch Library: AWI Library
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  • 3
    Call number: M 99.0270
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 484 S. + 1 Disk.
    Edition: 3rd ed.
    ISBN: 0471128392
    Classification:
    C.2.9.
    Language: English
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 2297-2308 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The thickness uniformity of a spin-cast film is governed by the air flow through the spin coater, particularly the boundary layer flow above the surface of the spinning wafer, which controls solvent evaporation from the dry film. Laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) and hot wire anemometry (HWA) are used to map the flow field throughout an industrial spin coater and to study flow instabilities in the boundary layer for various combinations of wafer spin speed and exhaust flow rate. The flow field measured by LDV compares well with a numerical simulation of laminar, axisymmetric, and steady air flow throughout the coating bowl. However, Ekman spiral flow instabilities of both type I (positive spiral angle) and type II (negative spiral angle) were found by HWA in the boundary layer near the surface of the spinning wafer. The type-II spirals form at Reynolds number in the range 2000–2500 and the type-I spirals form at Reynolds number in the range 80 000–85 000. It is the type-II spirals that are responsible for disrupting the air flow in the boundary layer flow and that cause nonuniform drying of spin-cast films. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 7 (1995), S. 2328-2344 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The two-dimensional, free-surface flow of a Newtonian fluid exiting from a planar die is computed by finite element analysis using quasiorthogonal mesh generation and local mesh refinement with irregular, embedded elements to obtain extreme resolution of the velocity and pressure fields near the die edge, where the fluid sheet attaches to the solid boundary. Calculations for the limit of large surface tension, the stick-slip problem, reproduce the singular behavior near the die edge expected from asymptotic analysis using a self-similar form for the velocity field. Results for finite capillary number (Ca) predict that the meniscus separates from the die at a finite contact angle and suggest that the capillary force enters the dominant normal stress balance at the die edge through an infinite curvature, as previously suggested by Schultz and Gervasio. The size of this region with large positive curvature increases with increasing Ca, and the strength of the singularity is in good agreement with theoretical predictions for a straight meniscus attached to the die at the appropriate contact angle predicted by the simulations. The contact angle appears to be determined from matching of the inner solution structure valid near the singularity with the bulk flow, in agreement with arguments made by Ramalingam; increasing the Reynolds number decreases the contact angle, corroborating this effect. Introducing fluid slip along the surface of the die changes the structure of the singularity in the pressure and stresses, but does not alleviate the singular behavior. In fact, the calculations with slip coefficients small enough not to change the bulk solution are more difficult than calculations with the no-slip boundary condition. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 9 (1997), S. 1235-1247 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The local solution behavior near corners formed by the intersection of a slip surface with either a no-slip or a shear-free boundary is analyzed by finite element calculations of the two-dimensional flow of an inertialess Newtonian fluid in several model flow geometries; these flows are the flow in a tapered contraction, a sudden expansion and the extrudate swell from a planar die. Local finite element mesh refinement based on irregular, embedded elements is used to obtain extremely fine resolution of the velocity and pressure fields near the region where there is a sudden change in boundary condition. The calculations accurately reproduce the expected asymptotic behavior for a shear-free surface intersecting a no-slip boundary, where the solution is given by a self-similar form for the velocity and pressure fields. Replacing the shear-free condition with a slip condition yields a similar form for the local velocity and pressure fields and indicates that the slip boundary behaves, to leading order, as a shear-free surface. Calculations for a slip boundary intersecting a shear-free surface yield similar results, with the local behavior being given by asymptotic analysis for two shear-free surfaces intersecting to form a wedge. These results suggest that replacing the no-slip boundary condition in planar Newtonian die swell with a slip boundary condition can give rise to local behavior of velocity gradients and pressure which is more singular than the flow created with no-slip boundary conditions. This prediction is confirmed by calculations of Newtonian die swell with slip. These calculations also demonstrate that the local solution in Newtonian die swell is sensitive to the details of the numerical method. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 9 (1997), S. 2191-2209 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Local similarity solutions are presented for the stress field of a fluid described by the Oldroyd-B viscoelastic constitutive equation near the singularity caused by the intersection of a planar free surface and a solid surface along which Navier's slip law holds, the partial-slip/slip problem. For the case where the velocity field is given by Newtonian kinematics, the elastic stress field is predicted to have a logarithmic singularity as the point of attachment of the free surface is approached. Asymptotic analysis for the fully-coupled flow, where the stress and flow fields are determined simultaneously, results in a local form for the flow and elastic stress fields that is similar in form to that for the decoupled case. For both the coupled and decoupled flow problems, the strength of the singularity depends on the dimensionless solvent viscosity and the slip coefficient, but not upon the Deborah number. The asymptotic results for the coupled flow differ from the predictions with Newtonian kinematics in that the strength of the singularity in the rate-of-strain and elastic stress fields scales with the inverse of the dimensionless solvent viscosity, and suggest that calculations with decreasing solvent viscosity become increasingly difficult. The fully-coupled analysis also suggests that the asymptotic behavior in the limit of vanishing solvent viscosity, the UCM limit, is qualitatively different from that for finite values of the solvent viscosity. The structure of the flow and stress fields for both the coupled and decoupled flow problems is reproduced by finite element calculations. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 48 (1976), S. 2218-2219 
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 29 (1995), S. 1223-1231 
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 70 (1997), S. 2250-2252 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The behavior of the oxidation-induced stacking-fault ring (OSF ring) in Czochralski (CZ)-grown silicon crystals is predicted based on the dynamics of point defects during growth. Preexponential constants for the equilibrium point defect concentrations and diffusivities are determined by fitting the predictions of the model to a single set of experimental data for OSF-ring dynamics. Other experimental data is well fit by this model. Moreover, point defect properties used are consistent with other estimates. Asymptotic analysis of the point defect model leads to a closed-form expression for the dependence of the OSF-ring location on processing conditions and thermophysical properties of point defects at the melting temperature. These results indicate that differentiation between defect types in CZ-grown material can be done entirely on the basis of point defect dynamics. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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