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  • Articles  (34)
  • 1995-1999  (7)
  • 1975-1979  (27)
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  • Articles  (34)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isomeric Graft Copolymers and Interpenetrating Polymer Networks. Theory and Experiment (1976)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 9 (1976), S. 743-749 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma60053a011
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous Interpenetrating Networks Based on Castor Oil Elastomers and Polystyrene. 2. Synthesis and Systems Characteristics (1979)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 12 (1979), S. 360-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma60069a002
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatigue crack propagation in crystalline polymers: effect of moisture in nylon 66 (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 14 (1979), S. 2482-2492 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract As part of a study of the effects of crystallinity on fatigue crack propagation (FCP) behaviour in crystalline polymers, the FCP response of nylon 66 was examined as a function of both stress intensity factor range (ΔK) and water content. It was found that FCP rates were exponential functions of ΔK, as expected. However, the FCP rates at constant ΔK decreased as the water content was increased to about 3%; at saturation (8% water), the FCP rates were higher than that observed in dry specimens. Results were interpreted in terms of the incorporation of tightly bound water up to a maximum of one water molecule per two amide groups (at∼ 2% water), followed by the incorporation of loosely bound water (at saturation). The tightly bound water evidently toughens the polymer, while the loosely bound water has a predominantly weakening effect. Examination of fracture surfaces revealed a transition from terminal unstable crack growth (at water contents up to 3%) to tearing (at saturation). Classical fatigue striations were observed only in the specimens containing 2% water—the first time such striations have been unequivocally identified for any crystalline polymer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00737039
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatigue crack propagation in polyacetal (1978)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 13 (1978), S. 1038-1044 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The fatigue crack propagation characteristics of a typical commercial homopolymer and copolymer polyacetal were determined. These materials were found to be the most fatigue resistant plastics examined to date, thus confirming the generally high fatigue resistance of all crystalline polymers. A discontinuous fatigue cracking process was identified at all test frequencies in the acetal copolymer and at high frequencies in the homopolymer, while continuous crack propagation occurred at low test frequencies in the homopolymer. The discrete advance increments of the crack in the discontinuous mode were equal to the dimension of the prevailing crack-tip plastic zone. On a more local scale, the crack path is seen to be mainly trans-spherulitic in nature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00544699
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A criterion for optimum adhesion applied to fibre reinforced composites (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 32 (1997), S. 5059-5067 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effects of physical adhesion on the mechanical properties of a composite structure are examined in this work. A criterion for optimum adhesion between matrix and reinforcing fibres is proposed based on maximizing the wetting tension. It is shown that the maximum wetting tension criterion best fulfils two important requirements for a strong interface:(i) the physical interactions at the molecular level between the resin and the fibres must be maximized, and (ii) the liquid resin must spontaneously wet the fibre surface in order to minimize the flow density at the interface. The conditions on the surface energy of the various phases leading to maximum wetting tension are analysed considering three mixing rules: two based on dispersive–polar interactions, and a third one based on acid–base interactions. The optimum adherend for a given adhesive, and the optimum adhesive for a given adherend, are examined. The analysis shows that maximum wetting tension is obtained when the substrate and adhesive surface energies are very high and equal, so that their polar and dispersive components are equal when the polar–dispersive mixing rule is used, and e.g. their Lifshitz–van der Waals’ components are equal and the acid component of one phase is equal to the basic component of the other phase when the acid–base approach is considered. It is shown using data from the literature that interfacial strength correlates with the wetting tension for fibre reinforced composites. Additional observations show that under poor wetting conditions the voids tend to concentrate at the fibre–resin interface, whereas under favourable wetting conditions they tend to coalesce in regions away from the fibre surface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018657131178
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sliding plate rheometry of planar oriented concentrated fiber suspension (1997)
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 36 (1997), S. 397-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Key words Composites ; concentrated fiber suspensions ; sliding plate rheometer ; non-hydrodynamic interaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The rheology of concentrated planar fiber suspensions is investigated. A new experimental technique for fiber suspensions based on a sliding plate rheometer incorporating a shear stress transducer is developed. It is shown that this instrument works well for the tested material systems. The rheological behavior in steady shear is subsequently investigated. The results can be largely explained by a combination of frictional and hydrodynamic interaction. Despite this evidence of friction no yield stress could be detected for the investigated shear rates. It was also found that the fiber aspect ratio did not influence the steady shear viscosity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396326
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Work of fragmentation of a thin oxide coating on a polymer film (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 16 (1997), S. 120-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Abstracts are not published in this journal
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018585825493
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Castor-oil-based interpenetrating polymer networks: Synthesis and characterization (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 21 (1977), S. 1531-1541 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Castor oil was polymerized and crosslinked with sulfur or diisocyanates to form the vulcanized and urethane derivatives, respectively. Both types were swollen with a plastic-forming monomer plus crosslinker, and a second polymerization was carried out in situ. Polyblends were also made by emulsion polymerization of styrene and methyl methacrylate employing hydrolyzed castor oil as the soap. In all three polymerizations, a wide range of compositions was obtained. The resulting interpenetrating polymer networks were characterized using electron microscopy, modulus-temperature measurements, and stress-strain analysis. The polystyrene phase size of the castor oil-urethane/polystyrene IPN was shown to decrease with increased crosslinking of the castor oil component and with increased polystyrene contents. The modulus-temperature study showed two distinct glass transitions in all cases, with evidence of significant mixing of the two components in many cases. The stress-strain results show that some of the IPN's behave as reinforced, highly extensible elastomers at low polystyrene levels, and a rubber-toughened plastics at high levels of polystyrene or crosslinking.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1977.070210609
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatigue fracture processes in polystyrene (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 11 (1976), S. 479-490 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Fatigue crack growth characteristics in polystyrene were studied as a function of stress intensity factor range and cyclic frequency. Precracked single edge notched and compact-tension type specimens made from commercially available polystyrene sheet (mol.wt. =2.7×105) were cycled under constant load at frequencies of 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 Hz, producing growth rates ranging from 4×10−7 to 4×10−3 cm/cycle. For a given stress intensity level, fatigue crack growth rates were found to decrease with increasing frequency, the effect being strongest at high stress intensity values. The variable frequency sensitivity of this polymer over the test range studied was explained in terms of a variable creep component. The macroscopic appearance of the fracture surface showed two distinct regions. At low stress intensity values, a highly reflective, mirror-like surface was observed which transformed to a rougher, cloudy surface structure with increasing stress intensity level. Raising the test frequency shifted the transition between these areas to higher values of stress intensity. The microscopic appearance of the mirror region revealed evidence of crack propagation through a single craze while the appearance of the rough region indicated crack growth through many crazes, all nominally normal to the applied stress axis. Electron fractographic examination of the mirror region revealed many parallel bands perpendicular to the direction of crack growth, each formed by a discontinuous crack growth process as a result of many fatigue cycles. The size of these bands was found to be consistent with the dimension of the crack tip plastic zone as computed by the Dugdale model. At high stress intensity levels a new set of parallel markings was found in the cloudy region which corresponded to the incremental crack extension for an individual loading cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00540929
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the generality of discontinuous fatigue crack growth in glassy polymers (1977)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 12 (1977), S. 531-542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Fatigue fracture surface characteristics of five commercially available amorphous polymers [poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), polystyrene (PS), and polysulphone (PSF)] as well as bulk-polymerized PMMA prepared over a wide range of molecular weights were studied to determine if common mechanisms of fatigue crack propagation prevail among these glassy polymers. In those polymers with viscosity-average molecular weight ¯M v≲2×105, the macroscopic appearance of the fracture surface showed the presence of a highly reflective mirror-like region which formed at low values of stress intensity and high cyclic test frequencies (∼100 Hz). The microscopic appearance of this region revealed that many parallel bands exist oriented perpendicular to the direction of crack growth and that the bands increase in size with ΔK. In all instances, the crack front advanced discontinuously in increments equal to the band width after remaining stationary for hundreds of fatigue cycles. Electron fractographic studies verified the discontinuous nature of crack extension through a craze which developed continuously with the load fluctuations. By equating the band size to the Dugdale plastic zone dimension ahead of the crack, a relatively constant yield strength was inferred which agreed well with reported craze stress values for each material. At higher stress intensity levels in all polymers and all values of ¯M v, another series of parallel bands were observed. These were also oriented perpendicular to the direction of crack growth and likewise increased in size with the range in stress intensity factor, ΔK. Each band corresponded to the incremental advance of the crack during one load cycle, indicating these markings to be classical fatigue striations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00540278
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