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  • Springer  (420)
  • 1995-1999  (296)
  • 1975-1979  (124)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 38 (1977), S. 91-97 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In an attempt to stimulate fetal cells in the maternal blood to mitotic division, peripheral blood lymphocytes were cultured from ten primiparous women and six multiparous women. In the case of the ten primiparous women, PWM was used to stimulate lymphocytes in 3- and 7-day cultures made at the 16th, 20th, 24th, and 28th week of gestation. Altogether, 10565 mitoses were analyzed after quinacrine staining of cells from five mothers who each subsequently gave birth to a male infant, and not a single XY mitosis was found. In the case of the multiparous women, lymphocyte cultures, with PHA or LPS as mitogen and MLC, were initiated between the 13th and 20th week of pregnancy. Four of the mothers were pregnant with a male child, and two with a female child. From cultures of each of the four mothers expecting a boy, a total of 9721 mitoses were analyzed after quinacrine staining, and not a single XY mitosis was found. However, one XY cell was found in the culture from one of the two women who delivered a girl. The XY mitosis probably originated from a pregnancy 8 months earlier which terminated in a male infant. In an attempt to culture and obtain good chromosome preparations from small numbers of cells, it was shown that a good mitotic response and good chromosome preparations could be obtained from as few as 6000 lymphocytes.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Catharanthus roseus ; S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase ; isoenzymes ; methyl cycle ; heterologous expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We describe the molecular and functional characterization of three closely related S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase (SAMS) isoenzymes from Catharanthus roseus (Madagascar periwinkle). The genes are differentially expressed in cell cultures during growth of the culture and after application of various stresses (elicitor, nutritional down-shift, increased NaCl). Seedlings revealed organ-specific expression and differential gene regulation after salt stress. A relationship analysis indicated that plant SAMS group in two main clusters distinguished by characteristic amino acid exchanges at specific positions, and this suggested differences in the enzyme properties or the regulation. SAMS1 and SAMS2 are of type I and SAMS3 is of type II. The properties of the isoenzymes were compared after heterologous expression of the individual enzymes, but no significant differences were detected in a) optima for temperature (37 to 45 °C) or pH (7 to 8.3); b) dependence on cations (divalent: Mg2+, Mn2+, Co2+; monovalent: K+, $${\text{NH}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{ + }} $$ , Na+); c) Kms for ATP and L-methionine; d) inhibition by reaction products (S-adenosyl-L-methionine, PPi, Pi), by the reaction intermediate tripolyphosphate, and by the substrate analogues ethionine and cycloleucine; e) response to metabolites from the methyl cycle (L-homocysteine) or from related pathways (L-ornithine, putrescine, spermidine, spermine); f) native protein size (gel permeation chromatography). The results represent the first characterization of plant SAMS isoenzyme properties with individually expressed proteins. The possibility is discussed that the isoenzyme differences reflect specificities in the association with enzymes that use S-adenosyl-L-methionine.
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  • 3
  • 4
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Key words Anthocyanidins – anthocyanins – comet assay – antioxidative potential – oxidized DNA-bases
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Anthocyanins are common colored plant flavonoids, occurring as glycosides of the respective anthocyanidin-chromophores. Like other flavonoids, anthocyanidins are also expected to have antioxidative and antimutagenic properties in vivo, although only few data are available. To gain more knowledge on possible protective mechanisms in mammalian cells, we have compared their extracellular and intracellular antioxidative potential in vitro and in human colon tumor cells. We used Aronia melanocarpa Elliot anthocyanin (AA) concentrates, fractions thereof, concentrates from Elderberry, Macqui, and Tintorera fruits, as well as pure compounds. In vitro, antioxidative properties of the samples were studied with the ferric reducing ability assay (FRA assay). As a measure of intracellular oxidative/antioxidative effects, H2O2-induced strand breaks as well as oxidized DNA bases were determined in human tumor HT29 clone 19A cells using a microgelelectrophoresis assay (comet test). Major results were that isolated compounds (aglycons and glycosides) and complex plant samples are powerful antioxidants in vitro. In fact their activities by far exceeded those of Trolox and vitamin C in the FRA assay. Also H2O2-induced DNA strand breaks were reduced in cells treated with the complex plant extracts. In contrast, endogenous generation of oxidized DNA bases was not prevented. In summary, the intracellular steady state of oxidized DNA bases is not altered by anthocyanins or anthocyanidins. This findings raises questions with respect to the cancer preventive potential of anthocyanidins within specific tissues, such as the colon. Extracellularly, however, the compounds are potent antioxidants. This points to their potential for providing systemic protection in vivo, e.g., by scavenging oxidants in the blood stream and in the colon. Notably, both aglycons and glycosides have equally strong antioxidant activity.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 25 (1976), S. 369-380 
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We study the phase transitions induced by the Jahn-Teller effect ofE-doublet ions in a cubic crystal with antiferrodistortive interactions. AnS=1 pseudospin model is constructed which takes the three lowest vibronic levels of the Jahn-Teller complexes into account. We find a second-order phase transition to a tetragonal phase with two inequivalent sublattices. The transitions between the vibronic levels give rise to bands of collective vibronic excitations with strongly temperature-dependent frequencies. The nature of the various modes is analyzed in detail. We also study the coupling to the elastic displacement field of the crystal. For a sufficiently large coupling constant, this coupling stabilizes a different low-temperature tetragonal phase with two equivalent sublattices. In a certain region of coupling constants, a transition occurs between the two tetragonal phases by second-order transitions to an intermediate phase of lower symmetry. The influence of the coupling on the dynamic behaviour is discussed.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 82 (1997), S. 9-17 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Acanthocinus aedilis ; Tomicus piniperda ; Cerambycidae ; Scolytidae ; oviposition ; competition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The influence of Tomicus piniperda (L.)(Col.:Scolytidae) attacks on Acanthocinus aedilis (L.)(Col.:Cerambycidae) (1) oviposition behavior, (2) breeding material preference and (3) reproductive success was investigated in caged pine bolts with and without egg galleries of T. piniperda. In addition, A. aedilis oviposition behavior was studied in the field. In the presence of T. piniperda attacks most A. aedilis eggs were laid through the entrance holes of the bark beetle egg galleries. In the absence of bark beetle attacks most A. aedilis eggs were laid at places where the outer bark had been damaged and the phloem was exposed. In cages, A. aedilis preferred to oviposit in bolts with bark beetle attacks. Thus, A. aedilis oviposited in all 17 of bark beetle attacked bolts but in only four of nine bolts without T. piniperda attacks. Neither the number of A. aedilis offspring nor the body size of emerging adults differed significantly between bolts attacked by bark beetles and unattacked bolts. Nor was there any significant relationship between the density of bark beetle egg galleries and the production of A. aedilis offspring.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: neotame ; crystal structure ; methanol solvate ; thermal analysis ; powder X-ray diffractometry ; 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal structure of the methanol solvate (empirical formula: 2C20H30N2O5·3CH3OH) of a new dipeptide sweetener, neotame (N-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-L-α-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester), has been determined. Crystal data: a = 9.8989(1), b = 18.1331(1), c = 27.5725(1) Å, orthorhombic, space group P212121, with Z = 4. Each unit cell includes 8 neotame and 12 methanol molecules. Disorder exists in one neotame molecule and one methanol molecule. The crystals were characterized by the following techniques: hot-stage microscopy (HSM), Karl-Fischer titrimetry (KFT), powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TGA), 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) spectroscopy. Under HSM at a heating rate of 10°C/min in silicone oil, the sample melts at 64–84°C and liberates bubbles at 71–86°C. DSC in open pans shows two overlapping endotherms at 56 and 71°C, probably due to melting and desolvation, respectively. TGA in open pans shows 5.9% weight loss due to desolvation below 70°C. Under house vacuum (23 mm Hg) over phosphorus pentoxide at 23°C, the methanol solvate produces pure amorphous anhydrate, which converts to crystalline neotame monohydrate in the presence of moisture.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: chlorine evolution ; hypochlorite ; iridium oxide ; platinum ; water disinfection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The electrolytic production of hypochlorite from tap water in a flow-through reactor system is investigated using stacked platinum or iridium oxide coated titanium sheet or expanded metal electrodes. The influence of fast chlorine consumption and polarity reversal on the hypochlorite production rate was determined along with the dependence of the hypochlorite production rate on temperature, flow through velocity and current density. It was found that in most cases, the hypochlorite production rate was higher on iridium oxide compared to platinum electrodes. An increase in the flow-through velocity leads to an increased hypochlorite production rate while the hypochlorite production rate falls with increasing temperature.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Keywords: chlorine evolution ; hypochlorite ; iridium oxide ; platinum ; water disinfection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract Electrolytic production of hypochlorite in very dilute chloride solutions is investigated using platinum and iridium oxide coated titanium expanded metal electrodes as anodes. The dependence of the hypochlorite production rate on temperature, chloride concentration and current density was determined. It was found that the hypochlorite production rate is consistently higher on iridium oxide coated titanium compared to platinum coated titanium electrodes.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Order 13 (1996), S. 135-146 
    ISSN: 1572-9273
    Keywords: 06A06 ; Fixed point property ; retraction ; irreducible point ; retractable point
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We prove fixed point theorems for ordered sets P that have a retract with two points less than P and show how they can be used to prove the fixed point property for various well-known and various new ordered sets.
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