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  • Springer  (20)
  • 1995-1999  (14)
  • 1975-1979  (5)
  • 1945-1949  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a rapid prototyping design advice system (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent manufacturing 10 (1999), S. 331-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8145
    Keywords: Rapid prototyping ; expert system ; knowledge based system ; decision support ; product development aid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes the initial development of a computer based Rapid Prototyping Design Advice System. The system is intended to assist the designer or project manager, particularly those in small and medium sized companies, in planning the prototyping stage of product development. It provides the user with an efficient and user friendly development aid which uses information obtained from the user and Computer Aided Design data to recommend suitable rapid prototyping solutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008920512663
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imaging the Gas Distribution and Kinematics in the Early Universe with ALMA (1999)
    Springer
    Astrophysics and space science 269-270 (1999), S. 533-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-946X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A summary is presented of the status of the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) project. The scientific goals for the project, in particular the goals for imaging gas in early galaxies, are used to illustrate the specific needs for the development of ALMA technology making it, uniquely, a complete imaging system. The plans to achieve this development by means of common international effort and under a common Memorandum of Understanding are noted. Finally, estimates are given of the construction timescale and the principle issues that remain to be settled are highlighted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017083416083
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of point defect clusters in silicon using parallel molecular dynamics (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of computer-aided materials design 4 (1997), S. 29-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4900
    Keywords: Parallel molecular dynamics ; Point defects ; Silicon ; Aggregation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A parallel molecular dynamics algorithm is presented for computingconfigurations of relatively large defects in crystalline silicon, as modelledby the Stillinger–Weber (SW) three-body interatomic potential. Thealgorithm is based on a partitioning of physical space among the N processorswith atoms migrating freely between the partitions. Implementation on aneight-processor IBM SP2 computer shows the increased efficiency withsimulation size expected because of the increased computational load perprocessor relative to communication overhead. The parallel efficiency reached70% for 21 952 atoms. Calculations are presented for the thermodynamics offormation of interstitial and vacancy clusters containing up to seven pointdefects. The clusters were relaxed within a host lattice of about 3000 siliconatoms subjected to periodic boundary conditions. Free energies of formationfor temperatures 500 K ≤ T ≤ 1600 K were computed using thermodynamicintegration. Computed equilibrium distributions for these clusters show ashift to the larger species at lower temperatures, as expected. The SWpotential predicts greater driving forces for interstitial aggregation thanvacancy aggregation across the entire temperature range. Model calculationsfor a large vacancy cluster are also presented to demonstrate the utility ofthe algorithm for exploring very large defects in silicon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008661719368
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antitakeover devices and management efficiency: An empirical study using accounting measures (1995)
    Springer
    Review of quantitative finance and accounting 5 (1995), S. 375-392 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7179
    Keywords: antitakeover devices ; supermajority nonfair price amendments
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Separation of corporate ownership and control creates an environment whereby the agent (management) may pursue self-interests at the expense of the principal (stockholders). One mechanism protecting stockholders from self-interested management is the market for corporate control, or the takeover market. Antitakeover devices impede the operations of this market. This paper reports on the study of one type of antitakeover device, the supermajority nonfair price amendment. This device is particularly onerous, and if antitakeover devices do protect inefficient management as has been alluded to in the literature, then evidence of inefficiency should be observable for companies adopting supermajority nonfair price amendments. To test the above proposition, we examine the difference in performance over a seven-year period (1) Between firms having supermajority nonfair price amendments and a set of matched firms that do not have these devices, and (2) between firms with these amendments and their respective industries. In both tests, performance was lower for the firms adopting these amendments, which suggests that these devices are used to protect inefficient management. Further, the argument that managers of firms which adopt antitakeover devices so that they can take a long-term outlook at the expense of short-term profitability was not supported by the data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01075590
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parallel implementation of finite-element/newton method for solution of steady-state and transient nonlinear partial differential equations (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of scientific computing 10 (1995), S. 93-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7691
    Keywords: Domain decomposition ; nested dissection ; LU-factorization ; time integration ; Newton's method ; spectral elements ; finite elements
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Domain decomposition by nested dissection for concurrent factorization and storage (CFS) of asymmetric matrices is coupled with finite element and spectral element discretizations and with Newton's method to yield an algorithm for parallel solution of nonlinear initial-and boundary-value problem. The efficiency of the CFS algorithm implemented on a MIMD computer is demonstrated by analysis of the solution of the two-dimensional, Poisson equation discretized using both finite and spectral elements. Computation rates and speedups for the LU-decomposition algorithm, which is the most time consuming portion of the solution algorithm, scale with the number of processors. The spectral element discretization with high-order interpolating polynomials yields especially high speedups because the ratio of communication to computation is lower than for low-order finite element discretizations. The robustness of the parallel implementation of the finite-element/Newton algorithm is demonstrated by solution of steady and transient natural convection in a two-dimensional cavity, a standard test problem for low Prandtl number convection. Time integration is performed using a fully implicit algorithm with a modified Newton's method for solution of nonlinear equations at each time step. The efficiency of the CFS version of the finite-element/Newton algorithm compares well with a spectral element algorithm implemented on a MIMD computer using iterative matrix methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02087962
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An investigation of sex discrimination in the awarding of financial aid to college students (1977)
    Springer
    Research in higher education 6 (1977), S. 355-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-188X
    Keywords: sex discrimination ; financial aid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Nature of Science, Research, Systems of Higher Education, Museum Science
    Notes: Abstract This study investigated whether or not sex discrimination existed in awarding financial aid to college students in 40 midwestern colleges and universities. It examined whether there were significant differences in financial aid awards to incoming freshmen when financial aid directors reviewed simulated aid profiles, which were identical except for the sex and a picture of the applicant. It also examined whether awards varied by type of educational institution. The results yielded no significant differences for either sex or type of institution comparisons, although there was extensive variability in the amounts awarded. If the directors react to real-life profiles as they did to the simulated ones, the federal guidelines would appear sufficient in this instance to prevent sex discrimination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00992179
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rent-seeking in higher education: Voting on academic requirements (1996)
    Springer
    Public choice 88 (1996), S. 103-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7101
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Research on U.S. college athletics suggests that voting on academic eligibility rules is motivated by rent-seeking behavior. Furthermore, academic eligibility rules have been criticized as being racially biased — more blacks than whites fail to meet the requirements. This paper examines whether the potential racial bias impacted voting on a specific academic eligibility rule known as Proposition 42. Evidence of customer discrimination suggests revenue generating differentials between black and white college basketball players. If rent-seeking behavior motivates voting on academic eligibility rules, then the racial composition of recruits and fans may be determinants of Proposition 42 voting. The results show that schools with more black fans were more likely to oppose Proposition 42; however, schools with a larger pool of potential black recruits tended to favor it, perhaps due to a comparative advantage in recruiting black student-athletes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00130412
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence of Organized Large Eddies by Ground-Based Doppler Lidar, Sonic Anemometer and Sodar (1998)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 88 (1998), S. 343-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Keywords: Heterodyne Doppler lidar ; Organized large eddies ; Planetary boundary laye ; Turbulence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In an experiment investigating the planetary boundary layer (PBL) wind and temperature fields, and PBL inversion height recorded by various instruments, the results reveal the presence of organized large eddies (OLE) or rolls. The measurements by lidars, anemometers, soundings and sodar gave an overview of the characteristics of the rolls and sources of energy production that maintain them. The experimental results obtained on two consecutive days are compared to model outputs. The agreement is excellent, showing that thermal stratification and wind shear are important factors in the structure and dynamics of OLE. A heterodyne Doppler lidar (HDL) is shown to be a useful tool in the study of OLE.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1001167212584
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Climate Change Impacts on the Potential Productivity of Corn and Winter Wheat in Their Primary United States Growing Regions (1999)
    Springer
    Climatic change 41 (1999), S. 73-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1480
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We calculate the impacts of climate effects inferred from three atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) at three levels of climate change severity associated with change in global mean temperature (GMT) of 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 °C and three levels of atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) – 365 (no CO2 fertilization effect), 560 and 750 ppm – on the potential production of dryland winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.) for the primary (current) U.S. growing regions of each crop. This analysis is a subset of the Global Change Assessment Model (GCAM) which has the goal of integrating the linkages and feedbacks among human activities and resulting greenhouse gas emissions, changes in atmospheric composition and resulting climate change, and impacts on terrestrial systems. A set of representative farms was designed for each of the primary production regions studied and the Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC) was used to simulate crop response to climate change. The GCMs applied were the Goddard Institute of Space Studies (GISS), the United Kingdom Meteorological Transient (UKTR) and the Australian Bureau of Meteorological Research Center (BMRC), each regionalized by means of a scenario generator (SCENGEN). The GISS scenarios have the least impact on corn and wheat production, reducing national potential production for corn by 6% and wheat by 7% at a GMT of 2.5 °C and no CO2 fertilization effect; the UKTR scenario had the most severe impact on wheat, reducing production by 18% under the same conditions; BMRC had the greatest negative impact on corn, reducing production by 20%. A GMT increase of 1.0°C marginally decreased corn and wheat production. Increasing GMT had a detrimental impact on both corn and wheat production, with wheat production suffering the greatest losses. Decreases for wheat production at GMT 5.0 and [CO2] = 365 ppm range from 36% for the GISS to 76% for the UKTR scenario. Increases in atmospheric [CO2] had a positive impact on both corn and wheat production. AT GMT 1.0, an increase in [CO2] to 560 ppm resulted in a net increase in corn and wheat production above baseline levels (from 18 to 29% for wheat and 2 to 5% for corn). Increases in [CO2] help to offset yield reductions at higher GMT levels; in most cases, however, these increases are not sufficient to return crop production to baseline levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005449132633
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence of a Mixed-Layer Dynamics Contribution to the Entrainment Process (1999)
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 93 (1999), S. 47-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Keywords: Boundary-layer model ; Mixed-layer dynamics ; Organized large eddies ; Ekman flow ; Cold-air outbreak
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The internal thermal boundary layer developing over the Mediterranean during a cold-air outbreak associated with a Tramontane event has been studied by means of airborne lidar, in situ sensors, and a modelling approach that consisted of nesting the University of Washington (UW) planetary boundary-layer (PBL) model in an advective zero-order jump model. This approach bypasses some of the deficiencies associated with each model: the absence of the dynamics in the mixed layer for the zero-order jump model and the lack of an inversion at the PBL top for the UW PBL model. Particular attention is given to the parameterization of the entrainment flux at the PBL top. Values of the entrainment closure parameter derived with the model when matching PBL structure observations are much lower than those derived with standard zero-order jump models. They also are in good agreement with values measured in different meteorological situations by other studies. This improvement is a result of the introduction of turbulent kinetic energy production in the mixed layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1002083425811
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