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  • Chemistry  (42)
  • GEOPHYSICS  (18)
  • Life Sciences (General)  (5)
  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
  • Meteorology and Climatology
  • 1995-1999  (41)
  • 1975-1979  (27)
  • 1955-1959  (1)
  • 1870-1879  (1)
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  • 11
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Schlagwort(e): microbial chiral inversion ; 2-phenylpropionic acid ; kinetic isotope effect ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Previous investigations have described the development of nongrowing suspension of Verticillium lecanii as a microbial model of the mammalian chiral inversion of the 2-arylpropionic acids (2-APAs). Mechanistic studies in mammals have shown that inversion involves loss of the α-methine proton but retention of the original atoms at the β-methyl position, and a mechanism has been proposed involving enzymatic epimerisation of acyl-CoA thioester derivatives of the substrate. Inversion of the 2-APAs by V. lecanii exhibits extensive intersubstrate variation in the presence, rate, extent, and direction of inversion, which are different from those observed in mammalian systems, possibly indicating differences in the mechanism of inversion between mammalian and microbial cells. This study involved the investigation of proton/deuterium exchange by 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance following incubation of deuterated derivatives of 2-phenylpropionic acid (2-PPA), a model compound, in cell suspensions of V. lecanii and incubation of undeuterated 2-PPA in cell suspensions containing D2O. The results indicated that the inversion of 2-PPA by V. lecanii also involved exchange of the α-methine proton but complete retention on the original atoms at the β-methyl position. No kinetic deuterium isotope effect was observed, indicating that loss of the α-methine proton is not the rate-limiting step of the inversion process. This suggests that the observed differences between microbial and mammalian systems probably involve the stereoselective acyl-CoA thioester formation step and not the subsequent epimerisation of the resultant diastereomers. Chirality 9:254-260, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Schlagwort(e): stereoselective synthesis ; carboxyibuprofen diastereoisomers ; circular dichroism ; chiral LC separation ; ibuprofen ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The chromatographic resolution of the four stereoisomers of carboxyibuprofen, a major metabolite of ibuprofen in man, was achieved using a Chiralpak AD chiral stationary phase (CSP) (J.T. Baker, Milton, Keynes, UK). The elution order of the stereoisomers was determined to be 2′S,2R; 2′R,2R; 2′R,2S; 2′S,2S by a combination of stereoselective synthesis of diastereoisomeric mixtures and analysis of the two diastereoisomers isolated from human urine following the administration of (S)-ibuprofen. The individual stereoisomers were isolated by semipreparative chiral phase chromatography and characterized by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Chirality 9:75-87, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 38 (1996), S. 437-438 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Process Safety Progress 15 (1996), S. 106-109 
    ISSN: 1066-8527
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: This paper introduces a new method (now commonly referred to as the Baker-Strehlow Method) for estimating pressure and impulse generated by vapor cloud explosions. Strehlow's blast curves and concepts from the Multi-Energy method for determination of explosion energy are applied in this technique. New correlations for maximum flame speed based on obstacle density, fuel reactivity, and cloud confinement allow selection of the appropriate blast curve. Application of these correlations removes much of the subjectivity present in existing explosion estimates.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 46 (1995), S. 510-513 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): cephalosporin C ; production of 7ACA ; immobilized D-amino acid oxidase ; immobilized GL-acylase ; industrial enzyme process ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The first large-scale production of 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7ACA) from cephalosporin C (CPC) using a wholly enzymatic synthesis method is reported here. We produced 7ACA from CPC in as high a molar yield as 85% using the immobilized enzymes D-amino acid oxidase (D-AOD) and glutaryl-7-ACA acylase (GL-acylase). In the first reactor, CPC is converted to keto-adipyl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid (keto-7ACA) using an immobilized D-AOD isolated from a yeast, Trigonopsis variabilis. The keto-7ACA is then spontaneously converted to glutaryl-7-aminocephalosporanic acid (GL-7ACA) via a chemical reaction with hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide is also a product of the D-AOD reaction. Near quantitative conversion of the keto-7ACA to GL-7ACA was observed. The second reactor converts GL-7ACA to 7ACA using an immobilized GL-acylase, which was isolated from a reconbinant Escherichia coli. The final 7ACA crystalline product is a high quality product. The reactions are conducted under very mild aqueous conditions: pH 8.0 and 20° to 25°C. The production of desacetyl side products is minimal. This process is currently being implemented on an industrial scale to produce 7ACA. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 16
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Rapid Communications 17 (1996), S. 409-415 
    ISSN: 1022-1336
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: A side-by-side diffusion cell was used to study the permeability of glucose through a temperature- and pH-sensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-methacrylic acid) hydrogel membrane. At fixed temperature (37°C), lowering pH in one side of the cell induced hydrogel volume collapse and strongly attenuated glucose permeation across the membrane. Hysteresis was observed in the glucose permeability versus pH characteristic.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 17
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 58 (1995), S. 2039-2046 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The potential for encapsulation of arsenic waste by combination with two commodity polymers was evaluated. Initial studies employed nontoxic substitutes, these being gypsum and calcium carbonate, with host polymers being predominately a recycled grade of polyethylene (PE) and a synthetic elastomer. The latter was used at low processing temperatures with rather volatile arsenic compounds. The gypsum caused processing difficulties due to evolved water, but the CaCO3 was able to be readily combined at high volumes. Arsenic trioxide was able to be incorporated at modest levels in PE and was less successfully combined with the rubber. However, the higher processing temperatures needed for PE caused the As2O3 to sublime. Less volatile calcium arsenite, readily prepared from As2O3, was able to be mixed at high volume ratios with the rubber, although processing with PE was less successful. These results may be used in conjunction with other methods for stabilization and would be applicable to other forms of medium- to high-level waste. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 18 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 18
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A black charcoal-like material having cation exchange and adsorption properties was prepared by the controlled pyrolysis of starch in the presence of a commercial phytic acid solution. Resins with binding capacities of 0.7-5.7 meq/g of calcium were prepared by varying the phytic acid to starch ratio, the temperature, or the duration of heating of the reaction mixture. SEM photomicrographs of some of these new materials showed that they are composed of particles similar in size and shape to the starting starch granules. These resins also removed atrazine from aqueous solutions. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.This article is a US Government work and , as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 19
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 62 (1996), S. 1807-1818 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Very few polymeric systems are suitable for preparing engineering parts using reaction injection molding (RIM) processing. A new two-component metallocene catalyst, which is able to polymerize bulk styrene at high rates to the syndiotactic form, was studied. The catalyst used in this work was based on monocyclopentadienyl analogs of titanium (Cp*TiMe3), which was used in conjunction with a boron cocatalyst [B(C6F5)3]. When separate streams of the catalyst and cocatalyst, dissolved in either styrone or styrene/toluene solutions, met in a mixhead, the styrene polymerized rapidly to form crystalline, syndiotactic polystyrene (s-PS). Using a bench scale RIM device, the monomer conversion during polymerization was monitored through the quasi-adiabatic temperature rise, recorded by a rapid data acquisition system. The rate equation was found to be second order with respect to the monomer concentration and first order with respect to the catalyst concentration, given some assumptions. The s-PS was brittle and attempts were made to incorporate elastomer toughening into the reacting system. Several potential problems associated with using this system for RIM process discussed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 20
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry 9 (1995), S. 1087-1094 
    ISSN: 0951-4198
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A pneumatically assisted electrospray liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry interface has been modified for use with open-tubular supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). The modified interface houses the SFC flow restrictor within the spray device. A sheath-flow liquid of methanol or methanol/water containing ammonium acetate flows coaxially to the restrictor. The addition of the sheath-flow liquid results in the ionization of analytes known to be in a neutral charge state during the chromatographic separation. The sheath-flow liquid also allows for the independent operation of the chromatograph and the mass spectrometer. Both could be operated under optimum conditions. The operation of the interface was optimized using a solution of poly(dimethylsiloxane) in CO2 introduced by continuous infusion. We also report the application of the modified instrument to samples containing amines and propoxylated alcohols.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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