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  • Springer  (107)
  • Wiley  (68)
  • 1995-1999  (81)
  • 1975-1979  (76)
  • 1960-1964  (18)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Risk analysis 19 (1999), S. 283-294 
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Keywords: Risk perception ; pesticides ; pest management ; health effects ; agricultural pollution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Water pollution from agricultural pesticides continues to be a public concern. Given that the use of such pesticides on the farm is largely governed by voluntary behavior, it is important to understand what drives farmer behavior. Health belief models in public health and social psychology argue that persons who have adverse health experiences are likely to undertake preventive behavior. An analogous hypothesis set was tested here: farmers who believe they have had adverse health experiences from pesticides are likely to have heightened concerns about pesticides and are more likely to take greater precautions in dealing with pesticides. This work is based on an original survey of a population of 2700 corn and soybean growers in Maryland, New York, and Pennsylvania using the U.S. Department of Agriculture data base. It was designed as a mail survey with telephone follow-up, and resulted in a 60 percent response rate. Farm operators report experiencing adverse health problems they believe are associated with pesticides that is equivalent to an incidence rate that is higher than the reported incidence of occupational pesticide poisonings, but similar to the reported incidence of all pesticide poisonings. Farmers who report experiencing such problems have more heightened concerns about water pollution from fertilizers and pesticides, and illness and injury from mixing, loading, and applying pesticides than farmers who have not experienced such problems. Farmers who report experiencing such problems also are more likely to report using alternative pest management practices than farmers who do not report having such problems. This implies that farmers who have had such experiences do care about the effects of application and do engage in alternative means of pest management, which at least involve the reduction in pesticide use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A modified version of a previously developed mathematical model [Obeyesekere et al., Cell Prolif. (1997)] of the G1-phase of the cell cycle is presented. This model describes the regulation of the G1-phase that includes the interactions of the nuclear proteins, RB, cyclin E, cyclin D, cdk2, cdk4 and E2F. The effects of the growth factors on cyclin D synthesis under saturated or unsaturated growth factor conditions are investigated based on this model. The solutions to this model (a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations) are discussed with respect to existing experiments. Predictions based on mathematical analysis of this model are presented. In particular, results are presented on the existence of two stablesolutions, i. e., bistability within the G1-phase. It is shown that this bistability exists under unsaturated growth factor concentration levels. This phenomenon is very noticeable if the efficiency of the signal transduction, initiated by the growth factors leading to cyclin D synthesis, is low. The biological significance of this result as well as possible experimental designs to test these predictions are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Keywords: Extreme events ; risk assessment ; risk management ; extreme value theory ; judgmental distributions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, we review methods for assessing and managing the risk of extreme events, where “extreme events” are defined to be rare, severe, and outside the normal range of experience of the system in question. First, we discuss several systematic approaches for identifying possible extreme events. We then discuss some issues related to risk assessment of extreme events, including what type of output is needed (e.g., a single probability vs. a probability distribution), and alternatives to the probabilistic approach. Next, we present a number of probabilistic methods. These include: guidelines for eliciting informative probability distributions from experts; maximum entropy distributions; extreme value theory; other approaches for constructing prior distributions (such as reference or noninformative priors); the use of modeling and decomposition to estimate the probability (or distribution) of interest; and bounding methods. Finally, we briefly discuss several approaches for managing the risk of extreme events, and conclude with recommendations and directions for future research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Helgoland marine research 27 (1975), S. 175-189 
    ISSN: 1438-3888
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 1. Turning angles of American eel elvers in a circular arena were the same when the horizontal vector of the earth's magnetic field was parallel to the body axis and when the horizontal vector was perpendicular to it. 2. No difference in turning was exhibited by elvers directed either north, east, south or west in an arena or E-W, NNE-SSW or NNW-SSE in a maze. 3. Turning behavior in both experimental chambers was unaltered by negation of the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field. 4. Elvers in a square arena, in both fresh and salt water, turned more toward the anode the stronger the horizontal electric field. Reversal of the polarity of the electric field reversed the direction of turning. 5. While the results are preliminary, they suggest that elevers do not utilize the geomagnetic field directly, but that they may utilize oceanic electric fields for orientation. 6. A predominance of right or left turning by many of the elvers in the maze suggests they might be “handed”, but the possibility that this handedness phenomenon was an artifact of the apparatus cannot be eliminated.
    Notes: Kurzfassung Amerikanische Jungaale(Anguilla rostrata) wurden im Süßwasser auf ihre Sensitivität gegenüber natürlich vorkommenden magnetischen Feldern geprüft. Die Richtungsänderungen in einem runden Arenafeld wichen bei diesen Tieren nicht voneinander ab, gleichgültig ob das horizontale Magnetfeld parallel oder senkrecht zu ihrer Körperachse angelegt worden war. Unterschiede in ihrer Richtungswahl in dem nördlich, östlich, südlich oder westlich ausgerichteten Arenafeld oder in einem Irrgartenversuch bei ost-westlich, nordnordost-südsüdwestlich und nordnordwest-südsüdöstlich offenstehenden Gängen traten nicht auf. Schließlich war die Richtungswahl bei beiden Versuchsmethoden unverändert, wenn das horizontale Magnetfeld der Erde kompensiert worden war. Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, daß die Jungaale sich nicht nach dem horizontalen Vektor des Erdmagnetfeldes orientierten. Sie stehen damit im Gegensatz zu den Resultaten neuerer russischer und deutscher Untersuchungen an Europäischen Jungaalen(Anguilla anguilla). Amerikanische Jungaale richteten sich dagegen in einem rechteckigen Arenafeld sowohl im Süß- als auch im Seewasser zur Anode eines horizontalen elektrischen Feldes aus, und zwar um so mehr, je stärker dieses Feld angelegt worden war. Umkehrung der Polarität des elektrischen Feldes erwirkte auch Umkehrung der Richtungswahl der Aale. In den meisten Fällen war die Feldintensität etwas höher, als normalerweise im Meer durch magneto-hydrodynamische Effekte zu erwarten ist. Diese vorläufigen Ergebnisse legen es nahe, daß Aale elektrische Felder für ihre Orientierung im Ozean nutzen. Eine beträchtliche Anzahl von Aalen orientierte sich im Irrgartenversuch stärker nach rechts oder nach links, gleichgültig ob das Magnetfeld normal oder verändert war. Es kann nicht ausgeschlossen werden, daß dieses Phänomen einer „Rechtsbzw. Linkslastigkeit“ ein Artefakt der hier benutzten Versuchsanordnung darstellt; eine tatsächlich vorhandene magnetische Orientierung könnte dadurch überdeckt worden sein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 3 (1964), S. 294-299 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Neue Überlegungen unter Verwendung eines kürzlich vorgeschlagenen Modells für die allgemeine Flüssigkeit gestatten auf einheitlicher Grundlage die Entwicklung eines Systems, das eine beliebige Kombination der drei Größen Dichte, Viskosität und Temperatur funktionell miteinander verknüpft. Die Dichte- und Viskositätsfunktionen werden geprüft mit Daten für fünfzehn verschiedene Substanzen, inklusive Salzzchmelzen, assoziierte und nicht assoziierte Flüssigkeiten. Die Frage der allgemeinen Verwendbarkeit der entwickelten Formeln wird kurz diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary On the basis of a generalized model for the liquid state which has previously been proposed, a new and improved rationalization is presented by which can be derived an accurate equation to represent the variation of liquid viscosities with temperature changes. The same model has been used to deduce a function which correctly represents the variation of liquid densities with temperature, and a reciprocal relationship between the latter two expressions leads to an equation between visocsity and density which is independent of temperature. The density and viscosity functions are tested with data for fifteen substances including associated and non-associated liquids, and molten salts. Considerations regarding the possible generality of the proposed functions are briefly examined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 11 (1998), S. 371-381 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: oviposition behavior ; host selection ; offspring performance ; predispersal seed predation ; Anthomyiidae ; Hylemya ; Delia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Hylema sp. 5 females oviposit on the undersides of sepals of developing buds of both Ipomopsis aggregata and Polemonium foliosissimum. Eggs deposited on the latter are significantly more likely to be fully protected by the sepal than are eggs deposited on the former. Unexposed eggs have a significantly greater likelihood of successfully developing to the larval stage than do exposed eggs. The difference in frequency of egg exposure on the two plant species can be attributed to differences in sepal morphology: I. aggregata sepals are significantly narrower than those of P. foliosissimum. The hypothesis that females preferentially oviposit on larger flowers was unconfirmed by a manipulative choice experiment. Plants differing in the size of their flowers were potted together and presented to Hylemya in arrays in the field. Flowers of the larger-flowered pair were no more likely to be oviposited on than flowers of the smaller-flowered pair. However, there were significant negative correlations between the corolla length and the percentage of flowers laid on per day at each of two sites. There was also a significant positive correlation between the corolla width and the percentage of flowers laid on at one site. Thus females appear to be using some measure of flower morphology, or a correlated trait, in making oviposition decisions. The degree to which Hylemya is making suboptimal choices between host plant species is discussed and requires further examination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 33 (1977), S. 135-135 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 33 (1977), S. 1631-1632 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In vivo studies indicated that the primary effects ofE. coli endotoxin on hepatic clearance of sulfobromophthalein were at the excretory level. Newborns were more sensitive to the LPS than older animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1420-9136
    Keywords: Key words: Simple shear deformation, structural geology, seismic anisotropy, partial melting, lattice preferred orientation, shear localization.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract —A brief outline is given on experimental studies carried out in the Minnesota Mineral and Rock Physics Laboratory of microstructural evolution and rheology of mantle mineral aggregates or their analogues, using a simple shear deformation geometry. A simple shear deformation geometry allows us to unambiguously identify controlling factors of microstructural evolution and to obtain large strains at high pressures and temperatures, and thus provides a unique opportunity to investigate the "structural geology of the mantle." We have developed a simple shear deformation technique for use at high pressures and temperatures (pressure up to 16 GPa and temperature up to 2000 K) in both gas-medium and solid-medium apparati. This technique has been applied to the following mineral systems (i) olivine aggregates, (ii) olivine basaltic melt, (iii) CaTiO3 perovskite aggregates. The results have provided important data with which to understand the dynamics of the earth’s mantle, including the geometry of mantle convection, mechanisms of melt distribution and migration beneath mid-ocean ridges, and the mechanisms of shear localization. Limitations of laboratory studies and future directions are also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 51 (1964), S. 509-510 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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