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  • Chemistry  (9)
  • AEROSPACE MEDICINE  (3)
  • AERODYNAMICS
  • 1995-1999  (7)
  • 1970-1974  (5)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: Echocardiographic studies were performed preflight 5 days before launch and on recovery day and 1, 2, 4, 11, 31 and 68 days postflight. From these echocardiograms measurements were made. From these primary measurements, left ventricular end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, stroke volume, and mass were derived using the accepted assumptions. Findings in the Scientist Pilot and Pilot resemble those seen in trained distance runners. Wall thickness measurements were normal in all three crewmembers preflight. Postflight basal studies were unchanged in the Commander on recovery day through 68 days postflight in both the Scientist Pilot and Pilot, however, the left ventricular end-diastolic volume, stroke volume, and mass were decreased slightly. Left ventricular function curves were constructed for the Commander and Pilot by plotting stroke volume versus end-diastolic volume. In both astronauts, preflight and postflight data fell on the same straight line demonstrating that no deterioration in cardiac function had occurred. These data indicate that the cardiovascular system adapts well to prolonged weightlessness and suggest that alterations in cardiac dimensions and function are unlikely to limit man's future in space.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: NASA. Johnson Space Center Proc. of the Skylab Life Sci. Symp., Vol. 2; p 711-721
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The current study was undertaken to further assess the contribution of an immersion-induced hydrostatic pressure gradient on the redistribution of blood volume. The rate of sodium excretion by seated subjects was significantly increased by water immersion up to the chest and neck compared to waist immersion and controls. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that whereas immersion to the level of the diaphragm merely cancels the intravascular hydrostatic pressure gradient by providing an identical external gradient, immersion above the diaphragm level results in increased water pressure which tends to favor a shift in blood volume from the lower extremities.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine; vol. 146
    Format: text
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The effects of water immersion on renal bicarbonate and acid excretion were assessed in 10 normal male subjects. Immersion resulted in a highly significant progressive increase in the rate of sodium and bicarbonate excretion, and in urine pH. Immersion was also associated with a significant increase in urine P-CO2; this increase presupposes a maintained rate of hydrogen secretion in the distal tubular segment. The rapidity of onset of the bicarbonaturia (2 hrs of immersion) and the concomitant increase in urinary P-CO2 suggest that enhanced bicarbonate excretion of immersion cannot be completely accounted for by immersion-induced suppression of aldosterone, and that the natriuresis and bicarbonaturia of immersion is mediated in part by an increased proximal rejection of sodium and bicarbonate.
    Keywords: AEROSPACE MEDICINE
    Type: Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine; 84; Dec. 197
    Format: text
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 1227-1234 
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: polyanilines ; derivatives ; chemical synthesis ; oxidation state ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Syntheses of parent polyaniline and methyl, methoxy, and ethoxy ortho-substituted polyanilines were performed using the conventional chemical methodology and monitored using the new open-circuit-potential (Voc) profile technique. The intermediate pernigraniline oxidation state was identified and isolated at the Voc maximum (A) during the conventional chemical synthesis of poly(o-methoxyaniline) in the emeraldine oxidation state. The introduction of the substituent on the aniline ring leads to longer polymerization times and lower Voc values. Syntheses in the presence of two different monomers in solution were also investigated and showed preferential polymerization of the monomer with the lowest Voc potential. All polymers produced were characterized by elemental analysis, gel permeation chromatography, UV-VIS spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry. The influence of the substituent on the Voc profile and on the polymer characteristics are rationalized in terms of steric and electronic effects. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 57 (1995), S. 751-765 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The influence of fiber type and fiber-surface properties on matrix flow behavior was investigated using structural reaction injection-molding (SRIM). The influence of fiber type, fiber-surface properties, and matrix type on strength properties in elastomeric composites reinforced with nonwoven fibrous structures was investigated using tensile tests on elastomer composite samples from SRIM and latex coagulation (LC) fabrication methods and the microbond strength method on individual fibers. The fibers used were PET, LLDPE, and p-aramid. Fibers were treated with epoxy, styrene, and isocyanate derivatives, which make the surface chemically reactive. Treatments were also made with NaOH and a copolymer of polyester and polyol ether, causing a change in the fiber surface energy. The matrix types were polyurethane elastomer and natural rubber. The results show that the surface treatments which produced a change in the surface energy influenced the flow rate of the matrix polymer during the composite fabrication process. The treatments resulted in chemically reactive fiber surfaces which improved the fiber-matrix bond strength without affecting the Young's modulus of the composite material. Good correlation was found between bond strength and surface energy including the dispersive component of surface energy in the case of polyurethane elastomer and surface-modified PET fibers. The age of the polyurethane matrix has a marked influence on the bond strength. The fiber volume fraction in composites has a strong influence on the Young's modulus of the elastomer composite. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 849-861 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The modulus of a fiber can be increased by plying with it a higher-modulus fiber. In this case, the modulus of the combination is characterized by a springs-in-parallel model, and the modulus of the composite is a linear function of the per cent of the second fiber in the composite. Another method of obtaining reinforcement is to melt-blend a higher-modulus polymer with the substrate polymer. With polyamides, this leads to a certain degree of amide interchange and block copolymer formation which depends on the compatibility of the polymers as well as on the usual kinetic factors. If the dispersion of the higher-modulus polymer is such that aggregate size is relatively large (e.g., ≥500 Å) and if the adhesion between the two polymers is good, a springs-in-parallel-type reinforcement is the best which can be obtained. In melt-blend polyamides, a “nonclassical” phenomenon in reinforcement has been noted when the diameters of the dispersed aggregates are ≤500 Å and when there are a relatively high number of hydrogen bonding sites on both polymer components. In this case, it appears that moduli appreciably higher than predicted from a springs-in-parallel model are obtained as well as higher than expected Tg values. A mechanism is proposed to account for this “nonclassical” behavior along with data to support it. Another type of anomaly is observed when the components of the blend are isomorphous. In this case, the reinforcement is considerably less than expected.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0947-6539
    Keywords: electron transfer ; magnetic properties ; metalloporphryins ; polymers ; spin density ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: [MnIIITtBuPP]+[C4(CN)6].- · 5PhMe [MnIIITtBuPP = meso-tetrakis-(4′-tert-butylphenyl)porphinatomanganese(III)] has been prepared and structurally and magnetically characterized. The uniform, linear-chain (1-D) coordination polymer comprises alternating cations and anions. The bond lengths in planar ion [C4(CN)6].-]'- are 1.377(10) (CC-CC), 1.418(7) (C-CCC), 1.414 (C-CN), 1.457 (C-CNMn), 1.150 (C≡N), and 1.134 Å (C = NMn). The Mn-N-C angle is 172.3(4)°, and the intrachain Mn  -  Mn separation is 10.685 Å. Each [C4(CN)6].-]' unit is bonded to two MnIII atoms through the interior nitrogen atoms in a trans-μ2-N-σ manner with N-Mn bond lengths of 2.353 Å. The ṽCN absorptions are at 2217 (w, br) and 2190 (m) cm-1. Above 50 K the magnetic susceptibility of [MnIIITtBuPP]+[C4(CN)6].- can be fitted to the Curie-Weiss expression, χ∝1(T - θ), with an effective θ of -13 K. This is consistent with weak antiferromagnetic coupling, which is in contrast to the effective θ of +67 K for the uniform chain [MnIIIOEP]+[C4(CN)6].- [OEP = octaethylporphinato]. Here, the [C4(CN)6].-'- units are bonded to the MnIII centers through endo CN nitrogen atoms in a similar trans-μ2 manner. Density functional theory MO calculations reveal that the spin density of the CN nitrogen atom bound to [MnIIITtBuPP]+ (0.019 μBÅ-3) is significantly lower than that of the N atom bound to [MnIIIOEP]+ (0.102 μBÅ-3). This is consistent with the reduced spin coupling observed for [MnIIITtBuPP]+[C4(CN)6].-with respect to [MnIIITtBuPP]+[C4(CN)6].-, as evidenced by the lower θ value. The different orientations of the [C4(CN)6].- units - almost perpendicular (84.72°) for [MnIIITtBuPP]+[C4(CN)6].- and substantially tilted (32.1°) for [MnIIIOEP]+ [C4(CN)6].- may also contribute to the poorer overlap and weaker spin coupling. Hence, binding between sites with large spin densities is needed to stabilize strong ferromagnetic coupling.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 20 (1974), S. 678-687 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Growth and dissolution rates of nickel sulfate α-hexahydrate were measured as functions of the concentration driving force in a laboratory-scale fluidized-bed crystallizer for the temperature range 35° to 50°C and the crystal size range 0.5 to 4.0 mm.Dissolution rates at a given temperature and crystal size were first order in the concentration driving force. Growth rates were about one-quarter of dissolution rates and depended on a higher exponent (around 1.3) of the concentration driving force. This exponent was not significantly affected by variations in crystal size, but decreased as temperature increased. The apparent variation of growth rate itself with crystal size at constant temperature was slight. Growth rates were found to be insensitive to solids concentration.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0935-9648
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 34 (1996), S. 1005-1018 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The dilute solution properties of copolymers are briefly discussed in relation to those of the parent homopolymers. It is shown that copolymer molecules are usually more expanded in solution than would be expected from the averaged behavior of the pure polymers, because of repulsive interactions between the unlike monomer units. A thermodynamic parameter χAB characterizing these interactions can be derived from measurements of the dilute solution properties of copolymers. In favorable cases this parameter can be independently evaluated from studies of ternary systems composed of the two parent homopolymers and a solvent, thus allowing prediction of the behavior of the copolymer. Light scattering and viscosity measurements on fractions of approximately equimolal copolymers of styrene and methyl methacrylate are presented and analyzed. The values of χAB deduced from the results in two solvents agree satisfactorily with each other, but are somewhat larger than those earlier obtained from measurements on ternary systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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